消化性溃疡在某部军人中的发病情况及相关因素调查

目的 了解部队消化性溃疡（PU）的发病情况及幽门螺杆菌（Hp）感染情况，探讨军人Pu发生的危险因素。方法 采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法，对南方战区某地6160名军人进行PU症状及危险因素问卷调查，并进行胃镜精查、Hp检测。结果 军人PU相关症状发生率（Sc≥5分）18．60％。标化后的PU患病率12．78％，其中军龄1年、南方籍、装甲部队军人PU患病率高。Hp感染率62．67％。Hp感染（OR4．60）、吸烟（OR3．8）、持续高强度军事训练（OR4．3）、驾驶战斗车辆（OR6．0）、经常精神紧张（OR3．7）等与PU症状发生的关系较大。辛辣饮食、常饮牛奶、是否独生子女等与PU发生无关。结论 军人PU患病率及Hp感染率均较高。军人PU发病情况在不同军龄、兵种、入伍前地域之间存在差别，Hp感染、军事训练、精神因素、某些不良生活习惯等与军人PU的发生密切相关。     

经大隐静脉穿刺置管溶栓治疗急性期髂股静脉血栓形成

目的:探讨经大隐静脉入路置管溶栓治疗髂股静脉血栓形成的应用价值。方法:对18例急性期髂股静脉血栓形成的患者在下腔静脉滤器植入术前提下,经大隐静脉入路置管溶栓治疗。结果:18例患者经大隐静脉穿刺成功置管,技术成功率为100%,治疗有效率为100%。置管期间无不良反应及并发症发生;平均住院时间为12.5d。结论:经大隐静脉入路置管溶栓介入治疗急性期髂股静脉血栓操作简便,经济实用,安全有效。     

危重患儿下肢深静脉血栓10例

目的：探讨危重患儿下肢深静脉血栓（DVT）的危险因素、诊断及治疗。方法：回顾性分析10例DVT的临床资料。结果：9例患儿应用股静脉插管。诊断DVT后均接受抗凝，祛聚综合治疗。4例行溶栓治疗；10例全部治愈，随访9例无复发，1例固原发病行截肢。结论：DVT在儿科发病率低，中心静脉插管是儿科DVT的主要危险因素，综合应用溶栓、抗凝及祛聚治疗，效果良好，后遗症少。     

应用上唇外侧组织瓣旋转修复下唇缺损

目的:探求上唇外侧组织瓣在修复较大面积下唇缺损中的作用。方法:根据患者下唇缺损情况,设计上唇外侧组织瓣,旋转后插入缺损组织,同时在缺损吻合处,将上层外侧旋转瓣内侧粘膜肌肉向外牵拉形成部分新的红唇,然后逐层相对缝合,修复缺损。结果:自2003年1月应用此方法修复患者6例,术后随访1～2年,唇部外形好,无流涎,无口闭合不全,效果满意。     

Systematic review of methods to diagnose infection in foot ulcers in diabetes.

AIM: To undertake a systematic review of the diagnostic performance of clinical examination, sample acquisition and sample analysis in infected foot ulcers in diabetes. METHODS: Nineteen electronic databases plus other sources were searched. To be included, studies had to fulfil the following criteria: (i) compare a method of clinical assessment, sample collection or sample analysis with a reference standard; (ii) recruit diabetic individuals with foot ulcers; (ii) present 2 x 2 diagnostic data. Studies were critically appraised using a 12-item checklist. RESULTS: Three eligible studies were identified, one each on clinical examination, sample collection and sample analysis. For all three, study groups were heterogeneous with respect to wound type and a small proportion of participants had foot ulcers due to diabetes. No studies identified an optimum reference standard. Other methodological problems included non-blind interpretation of tests and the time lag between index and reference tests. Individual signs or symptoms of infection did not prove to be useful tests when assessed against punch biopsy as the reference standard. The wound swab did not perform well when assessed against tissue biopsy. Semiquantitative analysis of wound swab might be a useful alternative to quantitative analysis. The limitations of these findings and their impact on recommendations from relevant clinical guidelines are discussed. CONCLUSION: Given the importance of this topic, it is surprising that only three eligible studies were identified. It was not possible to describe the optimal methods of diagnosing infection in diabetic patients with foot ulceration from the evidence identified in this systematic review.     

左氧氟沙星序贯治疗下呼吸道感染的临床评价

目的评价左氧氟沙星序贯治疗下呼吸道感染(LRTIs)的有效性和安全性。方法采用开放试验,应用左氧氟沙星注射液0.3g治疗30例LRTIs患者,1～2次/d,静脉滴注,4～6d,序贯以0.2g,2次/d,口服,5～9d。结果痊愈率、有效率、细菌清除率分别为63.33%,86.67%,89.29%,不良反应轻微。结论左氧氟沙星序贯治疗下呼吸道感染疗效肯定,安全、经济、方便。     

鱼腥草注射液佐治下呼吸道感染的疗效观察

目的观察鱼腥草注射液佐治下呼吸道感染的疗效及安全性.方法将76例急性下呼吸道感染患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,两组均予内科常规治疗,治疗组则另予鱼腥草注射液治疗.结果治疗组的总有效率为94.7%,显著优于对照组的73.7%(x2=6.33,P＜0.05),且未见明显副作用.结论鱼腥草注射液佐治急性下呼吸道感染安全、有效,值得推广.     

Interobserver Agreement for the Diagnosis of Venous Thromboembolism on Computed Tomography Chest Angiography and Indirect Venography of the Lower Extremities in Emergency Department Patients

Objectives: To determine interobserver agreement between radiologists for computed tomography (CT) angiography and venography. CT venography of the lower extremities combined with standard CT angiography of the chest may result in an increased overall diagnosis rate of venous thromboembolism (pulmonary embolism or deep venous thrombosis).
Methods: The study had a retrospective cohort design. The population consisted of emergency department patients who were evaluated for suspected pulmonary embolism. A random sample of 50 patients diagnosed and treated for venous thromboembolism and 50 age- and gender-matched patients whose CT angiograms and venograms were read as negative were enrolled. The original reading (R1) was compared with readings of two study radiologists: R2, a general radiologist, and R3, a radiologist with fellowship training in cross-sectional imaging. All readers were blinded to each other.
Results: Both R2 and R3 found both CT angiogram and venogram components technically adequate in 95% (95% CI = 89% to 98%) and 86% (95% CI = 78% to 92%) of studies, respectively. The agreement was very good for CT angiography (lowest agreement = 92%; lowest κ = 0.83) and was good for CT venography (85%, κ = 0.65). In nine cases, R1 read the CT angiogram as negative but the venogram as positive for DVT, whereas both R2 and R3 read both components as negative in four of these nine, suggesting a false-positive isolated DVT rate of 44% (95% CI = 19% to 73%). In no case did R1 read both scan components as negative when R2 and R3 agreed on presence of pulmonary embolism or DVT.
Conclusions: Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism on CT angiography is more reliable than diagnosis of isolated DVT on CT venography.     

原位肛门整形重建术的研究

目的：探讨改进的内外括约肌在原位肛门整形重建术中的应用及其手术效果。方法：改进包括：①肛门内括约肌改进为双层双环肌套；②肛门外括约肌改进为股薄肌采用“围巾式”环绕结肠末端一周，其远端剖为两条，一条缝合固定于耻骨韧带；另一条缝合固定于骶尾韧带，即为肛门外括约肌重建和外括约肌浅部和深部的重建。结果：38例术后肛门外形及功能和远期生活质量、生存率均更为满意。术后随访总优良率达94．73％；远期生存率达76．32％。结论：低位直肠癌Miles术后，同时行改进的内外括约肌原位肛门整形重建的效果是可行的，更接近正常的肛门解剖结构和生理功能。