103例角膜溃疡的病因和病原及药物敏感试验的统计分析

对１９９５年１—１２月间我院门诊１０３例角膜溃疡的病因、病原和药物敏感试验进行统计分析。病因：外伤５９例（５７．２８％），继发感染３４例（３３．０１％），原因不明８例（７．７７％），戴接触镜２例（１．９４％）。病原：真菌３５例（３３．９８％），绿脓杆菌１８例（１７．４８％），金黄色葡萄球菌１５例（１４．５６％），表皮葡萄球菌９例（８．７４％），淋球菌２例（１．９４％）。对１９例真菌性角膜溃疡同时进行细菌培养，有７例为混合感染，占３６．８４％。对几种主要检出菌的药物敏感试验表明：它们对普通抗菌素均可产生一定的耐药性     

偏瘫病人下肢功能康复阻碍因素初探

观察了10项因素对偏瘫病人下肢功能康复的影响,其结果表明:①下肢功能水平;②平衡功能障碍;③足下垂内翻;④髋关节屈曲外旋挛缩;⑤深感觉障碍;⑥疼痛等几项因素对偏瘫病人下肢功能康复有显著的影响。     

鄂托克前旗马场井村改水降氟15年病情防治效果分析

目的：了解改水降氟后地氟病的防治效果。方法：水氟，尿氟测定均为电极法，氟斑牙诊断为Dean‘s法。结果：该村自1985年改饮低氟水，水氟含量由改水前的6.05mg/L降至改水后的0.48mg/L。改水后未出现新的氟骨症患者，8-12岁儿童氟斑牙患病率呈逐年下降趋势，改水后7-15年间氟斑牙病率均已稳定，表明病情得到有效控制，且达到稳定控制状态，结论：坚持长年饮用低氟水，地方性氟中毒就能得到有效控制。     

Cor triatriatum associated with partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection to the coronary sinus: Echocardiographic and angiocardiographic features

Summary An infant girl is described who had cor triatriatum and partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection of the left pulmonary veins to the coronary sinus, the first report of this combination of lesions. The infant also had a Dandy-Walker malformation and multiple facial and intrathoracic hemangiomas. The cardiac diagnosis was made by two-dimensional echocardiography. Cardiac catheterization and angiography confirmed the findings and also demonstrated a persistent left superior vena cava draining to the coronary sinus. The infant underwent successful surgical repair. Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection and left superior vena cava not infrequently are associated with cor triatriatum. Although two-dimensional echocardiography is sensitive for the detection of cor triatriatum, preoperative cardiac catheterization is necessary to identify unequivocally systemic and pulmonary venous connections.     

Anorectal function in the solitary rectal ulcer syndrome

The anorectal function of nine patients with solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS) (5 F: 4 M, median age, 27 (range, 19–41 years) and nine control subjects (5 F: 4 M, median age, 47 (35–66)P<0.01) has been investigated by a new technique that radiologically visualizes the anorectum during voiding of a semisolid contrast medium, while simultaneously measuring intrarectal pressure and anal sphincter EMG activity. A degree of rectal prolapse was demonstrated in eight of the SRUS patients; six of these lesions were clinically occult. Abnormal failure of the anal sphincter to relax on voiding was present in seven of the SRUS patients. These abnormalities resulted in the SRUS patients requiring a greater increase in intrarectal pressure (median, 100 cm water) to void than the control subjects (median, 65 cm water,P<0.01). This combination of high intrarectal pressure and rectal prolapse during straining seems to be the cause of SRUS This work was supported by a grant from the Medical Research Council.     

善存片联合健脾理气中药预防肿瘤患者化疗所致口腔溃疡的临床观察

目的观察在全身化疗前应用善存片联合健脾理气中药对肿瘤患者口腔溃疡的预防作用。方法将66例肿瘤患者随机分配为治疗组和对照组，每组33例。在全身静脉化疗前3天开始，治疗组每天口服善存片1片及健脾理气中药1剂，对照组服用维生素B：治疗，两组服药化疗后10天为1个疗程。每周期化疗结束后统计口腔溃疡的发生率，共4周期。结果治疗组口腔溃疡的发生率显著降低（P〈0．01）。结论善存片联合健脾理气中药可有效预防及治疗肿瘤患者化疗所致的口腔溃疡。     

肠瘘患者腔静脉导管感染的回顾性分析

目的了解肠瘘患者腔静脉导管感染的发生率、细菌菌谱及药敏情况。方法对1998年1月至2001年4月收治的使用腔静脉导管进行全肠外营养(TPN)的肠瘘患者进行回顾性分析。结果216例肠瘘患者,共进行了358次腔静脉置管,腔静脉导管尖端培养阳性的有88次(24.6%),腔静脉导管平均使用时间为(16.9±13.0)d。88次腔静脉导管感染的尖端共培养出95株细菌,其中革兰阴性菌54株,占56.8%;其次为革兰阳性菌35株,占36.8%;真菌6株,占6.4%。根据药物敏感试验结果及临床表现,有16例患者更换了抗生素,4例改用抗真菌药物,所有患者均治愈。结论对于肠瘘患者,腔静脉感染仍是实施静脉营养的主要并发症之一,革兰阴性细菌感染最常见。     

Monitoring pressure ulcer healing in persons with disabilities.

Pressure ulcers are a high-risk, high-volume, and high-cost problem for persons with disabilities. This article describes four tools published in the literature and reports the validity, reliability, strengths, and limitations of each. These tools include the Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH), the Pressure Sore Status Tool (PSST), the Sussman Wound Healing Tool (SWHT), and the Sessing Scale. Rehabilitation nurses should use a consistent framework with accurate quantification to assess, document, and monitor changes in pressure ulcers over time. Such a measurement tool must prove valid for the disabled population in which the tool is used. This will enable healthcare providers to communicate more effectively and evaluate the therapeutic plan of care.