Inulin-enriched pasta improves intestinal permeability and modifies the circulating levels of zonulin and glucagon-like peptide 2 in healthy young volunteers

Apart from the intestinal environment, inulin induces physiological effects, which includes a reduction in glucose and lipid concentrations and modulation of gastrointestinal motility through the release of different peptides. We hypothesized that inulin-enriched pasta may also improve small intestine permeability in relation to zonulin and glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) levels in healthy young subjects. Twenty healthy, young male volunteers completed a randomized, double-blind crossover study consisting of a 2-week run-in period and two 5-week study periods (11% inulin-enriched or control pasta), with an 8-week washout period in between. The intestinal barrier function was assessed by lactulose-mannitol excretion in urine. Zonulin values and GLP-2 release were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In the inulin group, the urinary lactulose recovery was significantly lower than the other 2 groups. There were no significant differences in urinary mannitol levels between groups. Accordingly, the lactulose-mannitol excretion ratio was significantly decreased in the inulin-enriched pasta group compared with the other 2 groups. The inulin-enriched pasta group had significantly lower zonulin serum values and significantly higher GLP-2 basal values when compared with the baseline and control pasta groups. The dietary use of inulin-enriched pasta preserves intestinal mucosal barrier functioning and modulates circulating levels of zonulin and GLP-2, suggesting that prebiotics could be used in the prevention of gastrointestinal diseases and metabolic disorders.     

乳果糖、微生态制剂联合四磨汤对老年糖尿病便秘患者肠动力及血清肠神经递质指标的影响

[目的] 探讨乳果糖、微生态制剂联合四磨汤对老年糖尿病中便秘患者肠动力及血清肠神经递质指标的影响。[方法] 选取2019年6月—2021年6月于驻马店市中心医院收治的102例老年糖尿病合并便秘患者,依据随机数表法将患者分为观察组与对照组,51例对照组患者给予三联疗法（莫沙必利、乳果糖口服液、双歧杆菌）,51例观察组患者同时口服四磨汤。对两组的临床疗效和症状改变情况进行比较,并比较血清肠神经递质指[血管活性肠肽（VIP）、生长抑素（SS）、胃动素（MTL）、血清P物质（SP）、一氧化氮（NO）]、胃肠道动力[直肠乙状结肠传输时间（RSTT）、左半结肠传输时间（LCTT）及右半结肠传输时间（RCTT）]等。[结果] 观察组患者临床有效率高于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗后,与对照组比较,观察组临床症状各项评分及VIP、SS及NO水平均较低（P＜0.05）,SP水平较高（P＜0.05）。观察组治疗后患者RSTT、LCTT及RCTT短于对照组（P＜0.05）。[结论] 乳果糖、微生态制剂联合四磨汤有利于缓解老年糖尿病患者便秘症状、改善患者肠动力及血清肠神经递质指标,疗效显著。     

乳果糖联合培菲康对肝硬化自发性细菌性腹膜炎肠黏膜屏障功能的影响

目的探讨乳果糖联合双歧杆菌/嗜酸性乳杆菌/粪链球菌（培菲康）对肝硬化自发性细菌性腹膜炎患者肠黏膜屏障功能的影响。方法选择肝硬化自发性细菌性腹膜炎患者60例,随机分为常规治疗组（n=30）和联合治疗组（n=30）,同时选择健康体检者30例为健康对照组。所有研究对象口服糖分子探针乳果糖、甘露醇,采用高压液相色谱示差法测定尿乳果糖/甘露醇排泄率。结果治疗前常规治疗组和联合治疗组患者尿乳果糖/甘露醇排泄率均显著高于健康对照组,0.127±0.021、0.128±0.019 vs 0.018±0.002（P〈0.01）。治疗后联合治疗组尿乳果糖/甘露醇排泄率较常规治疗组明显下降,0.076±0.016 vs 0.085±0.010（P〈0.01）。结论乳果糖联合培菲康可以改善肝硬化自发性细菌性腹膜炎患者肠黏膜的通透性,具有临床应用价值。     

Prophylaxis of hepatic encephalopathy in acute variceal bleed: a randomized controlled trial of lactulose versus no lactulose

Background and Aims: Acute variceal bleed (AVB) is an important precipitating factor for development of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). However, there is paucity of data on the role of lactulose for prevention of HE after AVB. We evaluated the role of lactulose for prophylaxis of HE after AVB. Methods: Consecutive patients of cirrhosis with AVB enrolled. Patients included if >18 years old and had no HE at the time of presentation. Patients were randomized to receive lactulose (Group‐L) or no lactulose (Group‐P) along with standard treatment of AVB as per Baveno 4 guidelines. Primary endpoint was development of overt HE as per West Haven criteria within 120 h of randomization. Results: Seventy patients were randomized into group‐L (Gp‐L, n = 35) and group‐P (Gp‐P, n = 35). There was no significant difference in baseline characteristics between the two groups. Characteristics of variceal bleed were also similar (Gp‐L vs Gp‐P [mean arterial pressure 81.0 ± 10.5 vs 79.5 ± 9.9 mmHg], Hb [8.4 ± 1.5 vs 9.3 ± 2.3 g/dL], blood transfusion requirement [1.6 ± 1.1 vs 1.3 ± 0.9 units], time to endoscopy [6.3 ± 2.8 vs 7.0 ± 3.1 h], and esophageal source of bleed [92% vs 88%]). Nineteen (27%) patients developed HE; five patients (14%) in Gp‐L and 14 patients (40%) in Gp‐P, P = 0.03. The median grade of HE was 2 (range 2–4) and median time interval of development of HE after randomization was 2 days (range 1–4). Nine patients (13%) died; three (8.5%) patients in Gp‐L and six (17%) patients in Gp‐P, P = 0.23. Patients who developed HE had significantly higher baseline Child‐Turcotte‐Pugh score score (10.2 ± 1.2 vs 9.4 ± 1.4 P = 0.04), model for end stage liver disease score (18.2 ± 3.9 vs 15.4 ± 4.5 P = 0.02), arterial ammonia level (112.2 ± 22.7 vs 94.8 ± 17.6 umol/L, P = 0.001), baseline total leukocyte count (10 505.2 ± 8911.9 vs 5784.3 ± 3387.0 P = 0.002), total bilirubin (3.4 ± 1.3 vs 2.1 ± 1.8 mg%, P = 0.008) as compared to patients who did not develop HE. On multivariate analysis only baseline arterial ammonia, blood requirement during hospital stay and lactulose therapy were predictors of development of HE. Conclusions: Lactulose is effective in prevention of HE in patients with cirrhosis and acute variceal bleed.     

Profile of Hepatic Encephalopathy in Children with Cirrhosis and Response to Lactulose

Background/Aim:

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is associated with a poor prognosis. There is paucity of data on the treatment of HE with lactulose in children with cirrhosis.

Patients and Methods:

Retrospective analysis of consecutive cirrhotic patients (<18 years) with HE was done. HE was defined according to West-Haven criteria. Response was defined as complete if patients recovered completely from HE, partial response was defined as improvement of encephalopathy by one or more grades from admission but not complete recovery, and defined as non response if patient did not show any improvement or deteriorated further even after 10 days of lactulose therapy.

Results:

A total of 300 patients were admitted with cirrhosis and HE (278 adults and 22 children). Of 22 patients, 16 (73%) patients had complete response to lactulose and six (27%) patients did not [three (13.5%) patients worsened (non response) and three (13.5%) did not recover fully even after 10 days of treatment (partial response)]. Comparing baseline characteristics of patients who had complete response (n=16) versus partial (n=3) and non response (n=3), there was significant difference in mean arterial pressure (78.1±10.7 vs 62.6±5.0 mmHg, P=0.003), serum sodium (131.3±3.2 vs 126.5±5.2, P=0.01) and serum creatinine (0.78±0.3 vs 1.1±0.3 mg/dl, P=0.02). We did not find any difference in baseline characteristics of these patients regarding CTP score (9.6±1.2 vs 10.6±1.2), MELD score (17.6±2.9 vs 17.1±3.4), severity of HE (2.5±0.6 vs 2.6±0.5) and etiology of precipitating factors (P=0.78).

Conclusions:

Lactulose therapy causes complete recovery from hepatic encephalopathy in 73% of pediatrics patients with cirrhosis.     

The effect of aspirin and smoking on urinary excretion profiles of lactulose and mannitol in young women: toward a dynamic,aspirin augmented,test of gut mucosal permeability

Background We explored the temporal dynamics of the lactulose mannitol test and the influence of a single dose of aspirin. Methods Twenty healthy female volunteers each received 600 mg aspirin or placebo in random sequence and were subsequently dosed with 10 g lactulose and 5 g mannitol, their urine collected every half hour for 6 h. Key Results The lactulose:mannitol ratios (LMR) of urine samples collected over the entire 6‐h period were significantly higher than those collected in the first 3 h. Greater quantities of mannitol were excreted over the first than the subsequent 3 h. A similar pattern of temporal variation in mannitol excretion was found in smokers and non‐smokers and was maintained following administration of a single 600 mg dose of aspirin. The rates at which lactulose was excreted were relatively constant over the entire 6 h period of collection, but mean levels were increased over the entire 6 h following the administration of aspirin. The effect of aspirin did not differ significantly between smokers and non‐smokers. Conclusions & Inferences While the LMR test is sufficiently sensitive to reproducibly detect the increase in intestinal permeability resulting from a single 600 mg oral dose of aspirin, the temporal patterns of excretion of mannitol and lactulose differ both in the presence and absence of aspirin. Hence, variation in sampling period and in method of dosage are likely to influence the result and it is preferable to examine the patterns of absorption of component sugars separately with due regard to the method of dosage.     

乳果糖口服溶液联合甘油灌肠剂治疗老年卧床患者顽固性便秘25例

目的 观察乳果糖口服溶液口服联合甘油灌肠剂纳肛用于改善老年卧床患者便秘的效果.方法 将50例老年卧床患者随机均分成试验组和对照组,试验组给予乳果糖口服溶液口服联合甘油灌肠剂纳肛,对照组单用甘油灌肠剂纳肛,观察并记录排便效果和腹胀症状缓解情况.结果 试验组改善排便效果和腹胀缓解的总有效率均为92.00%,明显高于对照组的80.00%和64.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 乳果糖口服溶液口服联合甘油灌肠剂纳肛改善老年卧床患者顽固性便秘的效果优于单用甘油灌肠剂纳肛.     

乳果糖防治产后便秘的疗效及安全性临床观察

目的探讨乳果糖防治产后便秘的疗效及发全性。方法随机选取产后便秘患者,记录每天便次并依照布里斯托粪便量表记录相应便型,观察受试者治疗后出现的不良事件并随访。结果乳果糖治疗2周后,产后便秘妇女的周排使次数较对照组明显增加(P<0.05),排便困难、炎便性状和腹胀、腹痛、不净感均较对照组明显改善(P<0.05)。乳果糖组在治疗2周后显效率明显高于对照组,自愈好转率为76.3%。结论服用乳果糖能够有效增加产后便秘妇女的排便欠数,缓解排便困难,对治疗产后便秘具有行效性和安全性。     

小肠细菌过生长及三酰甘油与老年人结直肠息肉临床关系的研究

目的 探讨小肠细菌过生长(small intestinal bacterial overgrowth,SIBO)及三酰甘油(triglyceride,TG)与老年人结直肠息肉的关系及其临床意义.方法 回顾性分析2018年10月-2021年1月在河北省沧州市中心医院同时行结肠镜及甲烷氢乳果糖呼气试验(lactulose ...     

严重腹腔感染患者炎症因子的变化及尿L/M比值与病情严重程度的相关性研究

目的:探讨严重腹腔感染患者尿乳果糖/甘露醇(L/M)比值、内毒素(ET)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)水平的变化及与病情严重程度的相关性。方法:83例严重腹腔感染患者,根据入院时急性生理与慢性健康状况评分Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)将其分为重型组(27例)、中型组(32例)和轻型组(24例),检测3组患者尿L/M比值、血浆ET、TNF-α、IL-10水平,采用spearman相关性分析上述指标与病情严重程度的关系。结果:重型组术前血浆ET、TNF-α、IL-10水平和术后第1天尿L/M比值均明显高于轻型组和中型组(P 0. 05);术后1周,3组患者的上述指标水平均较之前均明显降低(P 0. 05),但重型组仍明显高于轻型组和中型组(P 0. 05);尿L/M比值、血浆ET、TNF-α、IL-10水平分别与患者病情呈正相关(r=0. 410、0. 322、0. 301、0. 314,P 0. 05)。结论:严重腹腔感染患者尿L/M比值、血浆ET、TNF-α、IL-10水平与患者病情严重程度有一定的联系,可以作为临床上辅助评估患者病情的依据。