高尿酸血症研究进展

尿酸是人类嘌呤代谢的终产物 ,主要经过肾脏排泄。近年来高尿酸血症和痛风的发病率逐渐上升 ,长期高尿酸血症易诱发痛风 ,还容易累及肾脏和心血管系统。本文就高尿酸血症与X综合征、嘌呤代谢与尿酸的消除、高尿酸血症的遗传学研究、以及高尿酸血症的发生机制等方面进行了综述     

老年高尿酸血症患者立加利仙应用的探讨

目的评价小剂量立加利仙治疗老年高尿酸血症患者的有效性和安全性。方法选择30例老年肾脏尿酸排泄减少的原发高尿酸患者作为研究对象,10例血尿酸正常的老年人作为基线对照。每日给予25 mg立加利仙,疗程一周。计算肌酐清除率(Ccr)、24 h尿尿酸(24h Uur)、尿酸清除率(Cur)、尿酸清除分数(FRUAC)、单位肾小球滤过率尿酸排出(EurGFCur)、尿尿酸与尿肌酐比值(Uur/Ucr)。结果治疗一周后,高尿酸患者平均Sur从8.48±1.52 mg/dl降低至4.98±1.53 mg/dl,24h Uur、Cur、FRUAC、EurGFCur、Uur/Ucr均显著增加(P<0.01),同时Ccr无明显变化,肾脏尿酸负荷(Flur)明显减少(P<0.001)。不同Ccr水平患者24h Uur增加百分数和Sur降低百分数无显著差异(P>0.05)。无不良反应发生。结论对轻度肾功能减退老年患者,立加利仙可促进尿酸排泄,显著降低血尿酸水平。短时间应用未见不良反应。     

Allopurinol-Induced Recurrent DRESS Syndrome: Pathophysiology and Treatment

Hyperuricemia is present in approximately 5% of the population. The vast majority is asymptomatic and at no clinical risk. Allopurinol, an analog of hypoxanthine, has been widely used in clinical practice for more than 30 years for the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout. Two percent of patients develop a mild exanthema when on this drug, which usually resolves after withdrawal of the drug. A syndrome characterized by exfoliative dermatitis, hepatitis, interstitial nephritis, and eosinophilia, termed allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome, has been described, and its etiology related to the accumulation of one of allopurinol's metabolites, oxypurinol, of which clearance is decreased in the setting of renal insufficiency and the use of thiazide diuretics. The term DRESS (Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms) Syndrome has been recently used to describe an entity presenting with similar features.     

高尿酸血症认知功能障碍模型大鼠皮层和海马的代谢组学研究

目的基于核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)代谢组学方法研究高尿酸血症诱发大鼠认知功能障碍模型的皮层和海马的内源性差异代谢物变化。方法采用含2%尿酸和2%氧嗪酸钾的高尿酸复合饲料饲喂大鼠12周,Morris水迷宫测定大鼠认知功能,并利用1H-NMR分析大鼠皮层和海马中的差异代谢物。结果高尿酸血症大鼠显示较长的逃逸潜伏期,表现出认知功能障碍;且大鼠的皮层和海马中分别筛选出27和18种差异代谢物,其中共有6种差异代谢物。γ-氨基丁酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、乳酸、甘露醇、牛磺酸和谷胱甘肽均有显著变化,可能作为高尿酸血症认知功能障碍的特征生物标志物,与学习、记忆功能损伤的发生和发展密切相关。结论高尿酸饮食可干扰机体的正常代谢,其诱发认知功能障碍机制可能与能量代谢的糖酵解和三羧酸循环、氨基酸代谢、氧化应激、神经递质转化以及细胞膜功能的紊乱等有关。     

Febuxostat for the treatment of gout

Introduction: Gout is a rheumatologic condition associated with elevated serum uric acid levels and deposition of monosodium urate crystals in joints and soft tissues. The xanthine oxidase inhibitor, allopurinol, has historically been the principle agent utilized for reducing elevated uric acid levels and treating underlying cause of gout symptoms; the availability of febuxostat, a newer non-purine selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor, represents an alternative therapy for those patients with contraindications or intolerance to allopurinol.

Areas covered: This article reviews the published literature on the pharmacologic characteristics and clinical safety and efficacy data on the use of febuxostat in the treatment of gout. A literature search of MEDLINE and MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations Databases (1996–November 2014) was conducted utilizing the key words ‘febuxostat’, ‘allopurinol’, and ‘gout’. All published articles regarding febuxostat were evaluated. References of selected articles, data from poster presentations, and abstract publications were additionally reviewed.

Expert opinion: Febuxostat has shown benefit with respect to symptomatic relief and uric acid level reduction. The safety profile of this agent makes it an ideal alternative in those patients with contraindications to or who are intolerant of allopurinol.     

代谢综合征危险因素与锌α2糖蛋白相关性研究进展

代谢综合征的危险性因素包括胰岛素抵抗、高血压、肥胖、高脂血症和高尿酸血症.并且全球发病率有逐年升高的趋势.代谢综合征损害了人类的健康,降低了患者的生活质量.锌α2糖蛋白(ZAG)是一种脂溶性糖蛋白,广泛存在于人体体液及多种分泌上皮细胞中,ZAG的结构类似于主要组织相溶性抗原家族工(MHCⅠ)类抗原呈递分子.其作为脂肪动员因子参与代谢综合征和某些恶性病质的发生.     

中药有效成分治疗高尿酸血症基础研究进展

对高尿酸血症(HUA)具有治疗作用的中药主要有效成分有黄酮类如槲皮素、越桔果渣黄酮、葛根素和红旱莲总黄酮等,皂苷类如穿山龙总皂苷和萆薢总皂苷等,香豆素类如秦皮总香豆素和岩白菜素等。这些有效成分可以通过多个靶点和作用机制防治HUA,已阐明的主要机制包括:1直接促进尿酸排泄,抑制尿酸生成;2直接抑制血清和肝黄嘌呤氧化酶和腺苷脱氨酶活性;3下调肾尿蛋白转运体1和葡萄糖转运子9及其基因表达预防尿酸过度生成,上调肾有机阴离子转运体1蛋白及其基因表达促进尿酸排泄;4调节雌二醇和三磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶水平;5改善或减少HUA的脂质过氧化。     

Dietary factors associated with hyperuricemia in adults

OBJECTIVES: Although diet has long been assumed to be associated with hyperuricemia, the association between diet and hyperuricemia remains to be verified. METHODS: The Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (NAHSIT) implemented between 1993 and 1996 was a nationwide survey using a stratified multistage sampling design. A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), 24-hour diet recall, and blood samples were utilized. Hyperuricemia was defined as serum urate >7.7 mg/dL for men and >6.6 mg/dL for women. RESULTS: In total, 2176 adults, 987 (45%) men and 1189 (55%) women, were recruited. Mean serum urate was 6.81 +/- 1.66 mg/dL (range, 2.5-16.8 mg/dL) and 5.47 +/- 1.55 mg/dL (range, 1.4-11.5 mg/dL) for men and women, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that beer consumption in both the FFQ and the 24-hour diet recall were significantly associated with hyperuricemia in men after adjusting for age, total caloric intake, body mass index, and geographic area. In FFQ, the adjusted odds ratio was 1.49 for men who imbibed 0.1 to 11.6 g ethanol (<1 standard drink) daily and 1.56 for men who imbibed > or =11.7 g ethanol (> or =1 standard drink) daily, when compared with that for men who did not drink beer (P = 0.035). In the 24-hour diet recall, the adjusted odds ratio for men who drank <5 cans of beer daily was 1.13, and for men who drank > or =5 cans daily was 1.28 when compared with that for men who did not drink beer (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: This cross-sectional survey demonstrated that beer intake is independently associated with increased risk of hyperuricemia in men. Restricted beer intake may help prevent hyperuricemia in the population. The finding of elevated mean serum urate levels over recent decades warrants further study.