心脑肾康对脑缺血的干预作用及机制探讨

目的探讨心脑肾康对大鼠局灶性脑缺血-再灌注损伤的干预作用及可能机制。方法用线栓阻断大鼠大脑中动脉,制作局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型(MCAO模型),缺血1.5h再灌24h后腹主动脉采血,测定血小板聚集率;断头取脑,检测大脑皮层多项生化指标。结果心脑肾康口服能使脑缺血大鼠的神经行为明显改善,脑梗死面积降低;与模型组相比,高、中、低3个剂量组均能降低缺血后脑组织匀浆中的丙二醛(MDA)、乳酸(LA)、活性氧(ROS)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)含量,提高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、ATPase活性(P<0.05),并具明显的抑制血小板聚集作用。结论心脑肾康对大鼠局灶性脑缺血有明显保护作用。     

乌司他丁在围手术期中对器官组织的保护

目的:探讨乌司他丁在围手术期中对器官组织保护的作用.方法:选取40例接受胸外科手术的患者,分为对照组和试验组,观察血白细胞介素2,纤维连接蛋白,α1-微球蛋白,尿素氮,肌酐,免疫球蛋白以及尿α1-微球蛋白水平的变化.结果:血纤维连接蛋白,血、尿α1-微球蛋白试验组较对照组有显著性变化(P＜0.05),其余指标试验组均较对照组有好转.结论:乌司他丁在外科手术的围手术期中对机体具有一定的抗手术侵袭作用.     

高温胁迫下半夏倒苗前后保护酶活力的变化

目的 :探讨在高温胁迫下半夏倒苗前后保护酶活力的变化 ,从而为防止半夏倒苗提供一定的信息。方法 :待半夏苗高 15cm左右时 ,进行 (30± 1)℃的高温胁迫 ,于不同的胁迫处理天数分别测定半夏叶片、叶柄和块茎中保护酶 (SOD ,POD ,CAT)活性和膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛 (MDA)的含量。结果与结论 :随着高温胁迫时间的延长 ,半夏叶片和叶柄中MDA含量显著增加 ,而块茎中MDA含量增加却不显著。高温胁迫后 ,SOD和CAT活性都逐渐下降。POD活性经高温胁迫后呈现先上升后又迅速下降的趋势。     

Neighborhood-level risk and resilience factors: an emerging issue in childhood asthma epidemiology

Evaluation of: Gupta RS, Zhang X, Sharp LK, Shannon JJ, Weiss KB. The protective effect of community factors on childhood asthma. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 123(6), 1297–1304.e2 (2009).

The recent increase in the prevalence of asthma in children is now recognized as the result of a complex interplay of genetic, sociodemographic and environmental factors. Multilevel models simultaneously account for neighborhood characteristics that may be related to childhood asthma, independently of individual-level attributes. Most research that focuses on the physical and social characteristics of neighborhoods to explain disparities in childhood asthma assess such factors as persistent poverty, residential racial segregation and environmental degradation. Researchers have only begun to test models that specifically focus on risk and protective factors at the community/neighborhood level in relation to asthma. Social capital, which measures norms of reciprocity, social ties between neighborhood residents and civic engagement has the potential to buffer the effects of neighborhood risk factors on childhood asthma. Further research, specifically longitudinal studies, needs to be carried out to determine whether findings on neighborhood-level risk and protective factors can guide the development of preventive interventions for childhood asthma.     

Family-Based Interventions for Substance Use and Misuse Prevention

Because “substance abuse” is a “family disease” of lifestyle, including both genetic and family environmental causes, effective family strengthening prevention programs should be included in all comprehensive substance abuse prevention activities. This article presents reviews of causal models of substance use and evidence-based practices. National searches by the authors suggest that there is sufficient research evidence to support broad dissemination of five highly effective family strengthening approaches (e.g., behavioral parent training, family skills training, in-home family support, brief family therapy, and family education). Additionally, family approaches have average effect sizes two to nine time larger than child-only prevention approaches. Comprehensive prevention programs combining both approaches produced much larger effect sizes. The Strengthening Families Program (SFP) is the only one of these programs that has been replicated with positive results by independent researchers with different cultural groups and with different ages of children. Few research-based programs have been adopted by practitioners, partly because of technology transfer issues. Overall, research on ways to improve dissemination, marketing, training, and funding is needed to improve adoption of effective prevention programs.     

Protective effect of Nigella sativa oil against acetamiprid induced reproductive toxicity in male rats

The present study was designed to investigate the adverse reproductive effects of acetamiprid, besides the possible protective role of Nigella sativa oil (NSO), as a potential antioxidant agent. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were allocated into four equal groups of eight, control (CRL), acetamiprid (ACMP, 27?mg/kg), Nigella sativa oil (NSO, 0.5?ml/kg) and in combination (ACMP?+?NSO). The experimental animals were dosed by gavage (5?days per week) for 45 consecutive days. Body weight gain, reproductive organs weights, sperm characteristics, testosterone, and thiobarbutiric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) levels were investigated. The obtained results showed that ACMP decreased significantly (p?p?p?p?相似文献   

一种骨科患者下肢多功能防护架的研制及应用

目的：研究一种骨科患者下肢多功能防护架的研制及应用。方法：该下肢多功能防护架，包括布朗氏架，在布朗氏架上安装有烧伤架。本试验选取2013年1-10月本院住院的下肢骨折329例和膝关节术后强直患者66例，前者分为试验组169例和对照组160例，后者分为试验组34例和对照组32例。试验组采用新型下肢多功能防护架治疗，对照组则单纯采取常规治疗措施。比较各组的治疗效果。结果：下肢骨折试验组24 h内消肿止痛评分达I、II级130例（77%），对照组仅有39例（24%），试验组显著优于对照组（P〈0.05）；膝关节强直术后试验组达Ⅰ、Ⅱ级28例（82%），对照组仅有12例（37%），试验组显著优于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论：新型下肢多功能防护架的应用效果较好，值得在临床上推广和应用。     

Risk and protective factors that affect adolescent reproductive health in developing countries: A structured literature review

Abstract

The primary focus of this article is to determine which risk and protective factors are most important to adolescent reproductive health in developing countries. A comprehensive and systematic literature search was conducted on studies that examined factors in relation to the following outcomes: ever had premarital sex, condom use, pregnancy, early childbearing, sexually transmitted infections, and HIV. While the search identified over 11,000 publications, only 61 were retained for the final analysis. The results show that factors which were significantly associated to the outcomes were primarily related to the adolescents themselves. In fact, very few factors outside the individual were found to be related to sexual risk behaviours. This contrasts to similar research conducted among youth samples in the US. While this review confirms the strong need for a broader research base on the risk and protective factors related to adolescent sexual and reproductive health in developing countries, it also does identify key factors that can be addressed through innovative programmes and policies to help improve adolescent reproductive health in the developing world.