老年临终期肿瘤患者合并肺部感染的危险因素分析

目的：分析老年临终期恶性肿瘤患者肺部感染的发生情况及其危险因素。方法回顾性地分析2012年10月至2013年11月期间在北京老年医院住院治疗的143例老年临终期恶性肿瘤患者的临床资料,采用多因素logistic回归分析方法对87例并发肺部感染病例（观察组）及56例未并发肺部感染病例（对照组）进行比较分析。结果 logistic多因素逐步回归分析显示,肺癌[比值比（ OR）＝4.137,95%置信区间（ CI）为1.967～14.479]、意识障碍（ OR＝3.728,95%CI为1.313～8.315）、低蛋白血症（ OR＝2.960,95%CI为1.300～6.739）、住院天数（ OR＝2.611,95%CI为1.056～6.451）、体力状况（ OR＝2.187,95%CI为1.345～4.071）、糖尿病（OR＝1.937,95%CI为1.159～3.238）、慢性阻塞性肺疾病（OR＝1.823,95%CI为1.056～3.891）与老年临终期恶性肿瘤患者并发肺部感染有相关性（均P＜0.05）。结论肺部感染是老年临终期恶性肿瘤患者的常见并发症,肺癌、伴有意识障碍、低蛋白血症、住院时间长、卧床以及合并慢性基础病（糖尿病和慢性阻塞性肺疾病）者是老年临终肿瘤患者并发肺部感染的危险。     

Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in the elderly

Background Atrial fibrillation （AF） catheter ablation has emerged as a promising treatment strategy for AF, but has not been widely adopted in the elderly population. The present study aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of AF catheter ablation in the elderly popula-tion. Methods and Results The study population consisted of 316 patients with paroxysmal AF who underwent left atrial ablation. Ninety-five patients were≥65 years （48 males, mean age 68.9 ± 3.0 years old） and 221 patients were〈65 years old （130 males, mean age 52.5 ± 10.4 years old）. After a mean follow-up period of 34.0 ± 15.1 months, 55 （57.9%） patients in the elderly group were free from ar-rhythmia recurrence compared with 149 （67.4%） patients in the younger group （P=0.169）. Procedural complications were uncommon in both study groups. In logistic regression analysis, left atrial diameter （P=0.003）, hypertension （P=0.001）, dyslipidemia （P=0.039）, and coronary artery disease （P=0.018） were independent predictors of AF recurrence in the elderly population. Conclusions Catheter ablation of AF is safe and effective in older patients. Invasive strategies should be considered as an alternative choice in symptomatic elderly patients with AF.     

Efficacy and safety of a recombinant factor IX (Bax326) in previously treated patients with severe or moderately severe haemophilia B undergoing surgical or other invasive procedures: a prospective,open‐label,uncontrolled, multicentre,phase III study

Haemostatic management of haemophilia B patients undergoing surgery is critical to patient safety. The aim of this ongoing prospective trial was to investigate the haemostatic efficacy and safety of a recombinant factor IX (rFIX) (Bax326) ¹ in previously treated subjects (12–65 years, without history of FIX inhibitors) with severe or moderately severe haemophilia B, undergoing surgical, dental or other invasive procedures. Haemostatic efficacy was assessed according to a predefined scale. Blood loss was compared to the average and maximum blood loss predicted preoperatively. Haemostatic FIX levels were achieved peri‐ and postoperatively in 100% of subjects (n = 14). Haemostasis was ‘excellent’ intraoperatively in all patients and postoperatively in those without a drain, and ‘excellent’ or ‘good’ at the time of drain removal and day of discharge in those with a drain employed. Following the initial dose, the mean FIX activity level rose from 6.55% to 107.58% for major surgeries and from 3.60% to 81.4% for minor surgeries. Actual vs. predicted blood loss matched predicted intraoperative blood loss but was equal to or higher than (but less than 150%) the maximum predicted postoperative blood loss reflecting the severity of procedure and FIX requirements. There were no related adverse events, severe allergic reactions or thrombotic events. There was no evidence that BAX326 increased the risk of inhibitor or binding antibody development to FIX. BAX326 was safe and effective for peri‐operative management of 14 subjects with severe and moderately severe haemophilia B.     

改良Padua风险评估模型对评估内科住院患者静脉血栓栓塞症风险有效性研究

目的:回顾性验证改良Padua风险评估模型在内科住院患者中筛选静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE)的有效性。方法:采用回顾性病例对照研究设计,以2013年1月至2016年12月在广州医科大学附属第一医院内科住院患者中确诊为VTE的432例患者作为VTE组,以随机数字表法选取同时期同科室的出院诊断非VTE的864例内科住院患者为对照组,回顾性收集2组患者病史、实验室检查结果等临床资料,对所有患者进行Padua风险评估模型以及改良Padua风险评估模型评分,比较2种风险评估模型评分情况。结果:VTE组患者Padua风险评估模型评分高于对照组[(2.92±0.18)分比(1.25±0.10)分,t=16.241,P<0.05]。VTE组患者改良Padua风险评估模型评分高于对照组[(3.27±0.19)分比(1.64±0.11)分,t=14.245,P<0.05]。2组患者随着2种风险评估模型评分的升高,发生VTE的风险也相应增高,经Padua风险评估模型以及改良Padua风险评估模型判定为VTE高危患者(评分≥4分)发生VTE的风险分别是低危患者的12.72倍(95%CI:9.00~17.98,P<0.05)与8.17倍(95%CI:6.00~11.12,P<0.05)。VTE组患者经改良Padua风险评估模型判定为VTE高危患者占比高于Padua风险评估模型(48.61%比39.12%,P<0.05)。结论:改良Padua风险评估模型是基于个体危险因素对内科住院患者进行量化更加有效的VTE风险评估模型。