Acute effects of moderate exercise on serum lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in sedentary young women

1. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of moderate exercise on serum lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in seven sedentary young women under controlled conditions. 2. The subjects exercised on separate days for 30 or 60 min at an intensity of 60% of maximal oxygen uptake on a cycle ergometer. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), HDL2-C, HDL3-C, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, apolipoproteins A-I, A-II and B were measured in the serum at the end of the 60 min rest period before each exercise, immediately after the performance of each exercise and at 30 min and 1, 2 and 24 h after each exercise. 3. The results showed that there were no significant differences between the pre- and postexercise samples for any of the parameters tested. 4. The results of the present study suggest that a single bout of exercise designed to simulate a typical training workout has no noticeable effect on serum lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in normal sedentary young women who have normal lipid profiles, are in the follicular phase of their menstrual cycle and who consume a relatively low-fat diet.     

Muscular and cardiorespiratory effects of pseudoephedrine in human athletes

AIMS: Pseudoephedrine (PSE) is a readily available over-the-counter nasal decongestant which is structurally similar to amphetamine and is included on the International Olympic Committee's list of banned substances. However to date, little research has supported its putative ergogenic effect. This study investigated whether a 180 mg dose of PSE ingested 45 min prior to exercise enhanced short-term maximal exercise performance and/or altered related physiological variables. METHODS: A randomised, double-blind, crossover study in 22 healthy male athletes. RESULTS: Maximum torque (mean +/- s.d., n = 22) produced in an isometric knee extension exercise was 321.1+/-62.0 Nm (PSE) and 295.7+/-72.4 Nm (placebo), and peak power obtained on the 'all-out' 30 s cycle test was 1262.5+/-48.5 W (PSE) and 1228.4+/-47.1 W (placebo) (P<0.01, P<0.03, respectively). Subjects were estimated to be producing 96.9+/-2.4% of their maximal possible isometric leg extension force after PSE ingestion, but only 95.3+/-2.4% when PSE was not ingested. Bench press tasks and total work during the cycle test were not affected by the ingestion of PSE. Lung function was altered following ingestion of PSE (P<0.05) with FEV1 and FVC significantly increased (P<0.02, P<0.01, respectively) although the FEV1/FVC ratio was not altered. Heart rate was significantly elevated by the ingestion of PSE immediately following the 30 s cycle sprint (P<0.01) however, lactate concentration was not altered by the ingestion of PSE. CONCLUSIONS: The administration of a 180 mg dose of PSE increased maximum torque, produced in an isometric knee extension and produced an improvement in peak power during maximal cycle performance, as well as improving lung function.     

Sleep,Physical Activity,and General Health Status: US Pediatricians and the General US Adult Population

Objective

To examine US pediatricians and US adults on 3 self-reported health measures (sleep, physical activity, and general health status) and to assess factors related to these measures for each group.

Pilot study comparing the influence of different types of exercise intervention on the fear of falling in older adults

Background: Individuals who fear falling may restrict themselves from performing certain activities and may increase their risk of falling. Such fear, reflected in the form of falls efficacy, has been measured in only a small number of studies measuring the effectiveness of exercise interventions in the elderly. This may be due to the various types of exercise that can be performed. Hence the effectiveness of exercise on falls efficacy is relatively understudied. Therefore, there is a need to measure falls efficacy as an outcome variable when conducting exercise interventions in the elderly. Methods: A total of 43 elderly community‐dwelling volunteers were recruited and randomly allocated to a conventional exercise intervention, a holistic exercise intervention, or a control group. The interventions were performed 2 days per week for 10 weeks. Falls efficacy was measured at baseline and at the completion of the interventions using the Modified Falls Efficacy Scale (MFES). Results: Within group comparisons between baseline and follow‐up indicated no significant improvements in falls efficacy, however, the difference for the conventional exercise group approached statistical significance (baseline 8.9 to follow‐up 9.3; P = 0.058). Within group comparisons of mean difference MFES scores showed a significant difference between the conventional exercise group and the control group (conventional exercise group 0.4 vs control group ?0.6; P < 0.05). Conclusion: Given the lack of significant improvements in falls efficacy found for any of the groups, it cannot be concluded whether a conventional or a holistic exercise intervention is the best approach for improving falls efficacy. It is possible that the characteristics of the exercise interventions including specificity, intensity, frequency and duration need to be manipulated if the purpose is to bring about improvements in falls efficacy.     

运动治疗对脑出血术后偏瘫的疗效分析

目的 评价早期运动治疗对脑出血患者术后偏瘫的疗效。方法 46例脑出血患者术后接受运动治疗，治疗前后作ADL、Fugl-meyer评定。结果 治疗前后患者ADL、上肢功能均有显著改善。结论 运动疗法是治疗脑出血术后偏瘫的有效方法，早期治疗尤其重要。     

采用DNA指纹图谱技术分析中长跑运动员肠道菌群结构特征

目的:用DNA指纹图谱技术分析中长跑运动员肠道菌群区系结构的特征.方法:对7名中长跑运动员进行连续6天的跟踪观察,直接从其粪便样品中提取出总DNA为模板,进行ERIC-PCR扩增,得到反映肠道微生物菌群结构特征的DNA指纹图.结果:根据图谱多样性指数变化和相似性系数值的分布特征,受试运动员表现出两种类型:一类菌群区系结构稳定,受运动负荷变化影响较小;另一类菌群区系结构随运动负荷的增减出现较大波动.结果表明:运动员DNA指纹图谱特征存在明显个体差异;运动负荷的变化可能改变运动员肠道菌群区系结构.提示稳定的菌群结构可能是运动员在剧烈运动条件下保持良好机能状态的重要因素之一.     

Ptosis of submental skin

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Sagging of the face skin is a visible and unattractive characteristic of skin ageing. This phenomenon, due to both gravitational force and age-related alterations in the mechanical properties of skin, has never been quantitatively studied. The aim of this paper was, first, to define a method and a precise procedure allowing the objective measurement of this phenomenon and, second,to study how it is related to age. METHODS: We used an electronically controlled bed that allows the comparison of submental skin profiles in both the reclined and the upright positions. A parameter that characterises the sagging amplitude for an individual was defined and the reproducibility of measurement of this parameter was verified. RESULTS: Results, obtained from 66 female volunteers, demonstrated a statistically significant positive correlation between this new parameter and age, and also between this new parameter and the elastic recovery parameter of skin, as measured by torquemeter. CONCLUSION: Age-related changes of the skin's mechanical properties and of the various underlying skin tissues would explain this phenomenon. This new method and procedure should allow objective evaluation of the efficacy of any treatments (cosmetic, medical or surgical) proposed for rendering the appearance of people younger.     

平板运动试验假阴性冠心病冠状动脉病变特点

目的：了解平板运动试验假阴性的冠心病临床与冠状动脉(冠脉)病变特点，以提高诊断水平．方法：对122例静息心电图正常及平板运动试验阴性而冠脉造影确诊为冠心病患的临床资料及冠脉造影结果进行分析．结果：冠心病危险因素：高脂血症86例(70．5％)，高血压病56例(50％)，糖尿病36例(29．5％)，吸烟69例(56．6％)．冠脉造影显示单支血管病变占57．4％(70／122)，2—3支血管病变占42．6％(52／122)(P＜0．05)．单支血管病变以前降支多见，占55．7％(40／70)，71．4％(50／70)单支血管病变狭窄为50％—74％．2支血管病变为前降支和右冠多见，占55．2％(21／38)；2-3支血管病变52例中42例(80．8％)血管狭窄部位相互对应．41．2％(49／122)有侧支循环形成．结论：冠心病患静息及运动心电图正常与单支血管病变狭窄程度较轻，2—3支血管病变血管狭窄部位相互对应及有良好侧支循环形成有关．     

身心综合疗法对2型糖尿病患者心理健康和生活质量及血糖的影响研究

Objective To investigate the impact of Psychotherapy and exercise therapy to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in life,psychology and blood glucose.Methods Adopt RCT (randomized controlled trial),60 patients in control group and 90 patients in intervention group,drug and alimentation were given to control group.Based on the drug and alimentation,Psychotherapy and exercise therapy were given to intervention group.observe variation in fasting blood glucose,blood glucose 2 h after meal,urine glucose during 24 h,glycosylated hemoglobin,mental state and life quality both intervention and control group after 8 weeks.Results Blood glucose 2h after meal and glycosylated hemoglobin were (7.54±1.19) mmol/L and (6.69±0.96)% in intervention group,tetal effective ratio was 98%;(7.62±0.80) mmol/L and (7.15±0.82)% in control group,total effective ratio is 76%.the outcomes of two groups were statistical significant (P＜0.05 ).The discrepancy in mental health factor and life quality dimension before and after the therapy inside the intervention group were also statistically significant.Conclusions Psychotherapy and exercise therapy can not only improve the level of mental healthy and life quality of Type 2 Diabetes MeUitus patients,but also control the blood glucose efficiently.     

Etiology and pathophysiology of chronic tendon disorders in sports

In sports medicine, a chronic overuse injury is defined as a long-standing or recurring orthopedic problem and pain in the musculoskeletal system, which started during exertion due to repetitive tissue microtrauma (1). Repetitive microtrauma, which is basically repeated exposure of the musculoskeletal tissue to low-magnitude forces, results in injury at the microscopic level, and no single acute trauma is normally involved in the pathogenesis of an overuse injury. In chronic tendon disorders, 'overuse'implies that the tendon has been strained repeatedly to 44% strain until unable to endure further tension, whereupon injury occurs (2). The structure of the tendon is disrupted micro- or macroscopically by this repetitivestrain, i.e. collagen fibers begin to slide past one another, causing breakage of their cross-linked structure, and denaturate; inflammation, edema and pain result. Thus, tendinitis, peritendinitis, tenosynovitis, insertion tendinitis, tendinous bursitis or apophysitis is the earliest clinically recognizable manifestation of overuse tendon injury (3).