Incidence and Clinical Presentation of Neurosyphilis: A Retrospective Study of 81 Cases

Aim of the report was the study of the clinical features of neurosyphilis in the last 40 years (1965–2005). The investigation was based on the retrospective review of patients with neurosyphilis hospitalized in our hospital from 1965 to 2005 (period A: 1965–1984 and B: 1985–2005). Eighty one patients with neurosyphilis were studied. Typical forms represent 68.6% of cases of neurosyphilis in period A. In period B, 85.7% of the cases are presented with atypical clinical patterns. Typical forms of the disease were no longer common, while atypical and masked clinical patterns prevailed. Neuropsychiatric symptoms were the most common manifestations of the disease.     

Fungal foot infection,cellulitis and diabetes: a review

Aims To review the current evidence for the presence of fungal foot infection (tinea pedis and toenail onychomycosis) as a risk factor for the development of cellulitis within the lower limb, particularly for those individuals with diabetes. Methods A structured review of medline , embase and cinahl databases was undertaken to identify publications investigating fungal foot infection as a risk factor for the development of cellulitis. Results Sixteen studies were identified. Eight studies adopted a case–control methodology, with the remainder being cross‐sectional surveys. The majority of studies established the presence of tinea infection by clinical rather than established microbiological methods. Although the majority of papers suggested a link, only two case–control studies employed microbiological diagnosis to demonstrate that fungal foot infection was a risk for the development of lower limb cellulitis, particularly when infection was located between the toes. There were insufficient data to suggest that fungal foot infection posed an increased risk to patients with diabetes. Conclusion There is some evidence to suggest that fungal infection of the foot is a factor in the development of lower limb cellulitis, but further robust research is needed to confirm these findings and quantify the risk that fungi pose, particularly to the diabetic foot. Meanwhile, improved surveillance and treatment of tinea infections on the foot by healthcare professionals should be encouraged to reduce potential complications.     

小关节内侧缘阻滞联合臭氧注射治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效观察

目的探讨小关节内侧缘阻滞联合臭氧注射与单纯小关节内侧缘阻滞治疗腰椎间盘突出症的治疗效果。方法临床CT(或MRI)检查证实为后外侧型和椎间孔型腰椎间盘突出症123例,随机分为小关节内侧缘阻滞联合臭氧注射治疗组(A组)61例和单纯小关节内侧缘阻滞治疗组(B组)62例;所有患者分别随访1、3、6个月。结果术后1个月,A组有效率90.2%;B组有效率70.9%;两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术后3个月和6个月,A组和B组疗效比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论小关节内侧缘阻滞联合臭氧注射治疗腰椎间盘突出症是一种安全、有效的治疗方法,与单纯小关节内侧缘阻滞术相比疗效更好。     

产前超声五趾-跖-跟骨足底平面筛查足畸形的价值

目的 探讨产前超声五趾-跖-跟骨足底平面在筛查胎儿足畸形中的价值。方法 连续性选取10 015胎14~40孕周高危胎儿作为研究对象,产前超声检查采用五趾-跖-跟骨足底平面筛查足畸形,并与随访结果进行比较。结果 胎儿足长随孕周增加而增大(F=8.2,P<0.01),单纯先天性马蹄内翻足胎儿的患侧足长变短(χ²=49.1,P <0.01)。五趾-跖-跟骨足底平面超声诊断胎儿足畸形准确率为99.60%(9975/10 015),敏感度为85.29%(116/136),特异度为99.80%(9859/9879),阳性预测值为85.29%(116/136),阴性预测值为99.80%(9859/9879)。结论 五趾-跖-跟骨足底平面可用于胎儿足畸形的产前超声筛查,并可提高诊断水平。     

Repeated Baclofen treatment ameliorates motor dysfunction,suppresses reflex activity and decreases the expression of signaling proteins in reticular nuclei and lumbar motoneurons after spinal trauma in rats

The interruption of supraspinal input to the spinal cord leads to motor dysfunction and the development of spasticity. Clinical studies have shown that Baclofen (a GABA_B agonist), while effective in modulating spasticity is associated with side-effects and the development of tolerance. The aim of the present study was to assess if discontinued Baclofen treatment and its repeated application leads antispasticity effects, and whether such changes affect neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the brainstem, nNOS and parvalbumin (PV) in lumbar α-motoneurons and glial fibrillary acidic protein in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. Adult male Wistar rats were exposed to Th9 spinal cord transection. Baclofen (30 mg/b.w.) diluted in drinking water, was administered for 6 days, starting at week 1 after injury and then repeated till week 4 after injury. The behavior of the animals was tested (tail-flick test, BBB locomotor score) from 1 to 8 weeks. Our results clearly indicate the role of nitric oxide, produced by nNOS in the initiation and the maintenance of spasticity states 1, 6 and 8 weeks after spinal trauma. A considerable decrease of nNOS staining after Baclofen treatment correlates with improvement of motor dysfunction. The findings also show that parvalbumin and astrocytes participate in the regulation of ion concentrations in the sub-acute phase after the injury.     

经导管溶栓与经足背静脉溶栓治疗下肢深静脉血栓形成的对比分析

目的：对比经导管溶栓与经患肢足背静脉顺行溶栓治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓形成的疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析60例经造影明确诊断的急性下肢深静脉血栓形成患者的临床资料,其中采用经导管溶栓治疗的患者为A组（30例）,采用经患肢足背静脉顺行溶栓治疗的患者为B组（30例）。对比两组患者的治疗效果、患肢消肿率、深静脉通畅度等。结果两组均成功完成溶栓治疗。患肢消肿率A组为（82.39％±16.28％）,B组为（62.58％±18.87％）;静脉通畅度A组为（62.18％±18.39％）, B组为（39.28％±23.36％）,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论经导管溶栓治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓形成较经患肢足背静脉顺行溶栓疗效好,可部分取代经患肢足背静脉顺行溶栓治疗。     

斯皮仁诺联合联苯苄唑乳膏治疗足癣的临床疗效观察

目的：观察伊曲康唑胶囊联合外用联苯苄唑乳膏治疗足癣的临床疗效及安全性。方法将120例足癣患者随机分为两组,治疗组及对照组各60例,疗程均为4周,治疗组口服伊曲康唑胶囊200mg,每天1次,外用联苯苄唑乳膏外涂;对照组仅予外用联苯苄唑乳膏。结果用药2周后治疗组和对照组的痊愈率分别为25.00%和1.67%,总有效率分别为68.3%和33.3%,真菌清除率分别为68.3%和33.3%;用药4周后治疗组和对照组的痊愈率分别为70%和60%,总有效率分别为96.7%和85.0%,真菌清除率分别为96.7%和85.0%;两组临床疗效均有统计学差异（P＜0.05）。结论口服伊曲康唑联合外用联苯苄唑乳膏治疗足癣临床疗效较好,有效提高临床治愈率和真菌学清除率,是临床治疗足癣较好方法之一。     

Diagnostic PCR of dermatophytes – an overview

The prevalence of onychomycosis is increasing steadily, sevenfold alone in the US within the last twenty years. An important aspect in this development is the demographic development of the human population of the industrial countries like Germany. A fast and accurate laboratory diagnosis is essential for successful treatment because 50% of the cases are misdiagnosed when relying on the clinical appearance only. The current diagnosis of dermatophytosis, based on direct microscopy and culture of the clinical specimen, is problematic given the lacking specificity of the former and the length of time needed for the latter. Molecular techniques can help to solve these problems. In recent years, a number of in‐house PCR assays have been developed to identify dermatophytes directly from clinical specimens. Based on the “Mikrobiologisch‐infektiologischen Qualitätsstandards (MIQ) für Nukleinsäure‐Amplifikationstechniken” and the MIQE guideline (Minimum Information for Publication of Quantitative Real‐Time PCR Experiments) 11 studies are reviewed which were published between 2007 and 2010. The present article evaluates the quality of the PCR assays regarding false positive and false negative results due to contamination, PCR format, statistical analysis, and diagnostic performance of the studies. It shows that we are only at the beginning of providing high quality PCR diagnosis of dermatophytes.     

橄榄醽的药理实验研究

目的观察橄榄醽对胃黏膜损伤、中枢抑制、热板性疼痛及炎性水肿的影响。方法以肉眼和病理组织检查观察对小鼠胃黏膜的损伤;采用疲劳转棒仪滞留时间测试对小鼠中枢神经系统的抑制作用;以小鼠热板法检测对疼痛反应的影响;以足跖肿测定仪测试对大鼠蛋清性足跖肿的影响。结果橄榄醽能减轻小鼠胃黏膜的损伤,减弱中枢抑制作用,提高疼痛阈值,减轻炎性水肿。结论橄榄醽具有清咽利喉,减轻酒精对胃黏膜的损伤和头晕头痛反应等作用。