血清P-选择素水平与冠脉病变严重度关系的研究

目的：探讨检测血清P-选择素水平与冠脉病变严重度的关系。方法：70冽冠D病患者，按临床诊断分为2组：急性冠脉综合症组32冽和稳定型冠心病组38例，对照组患者30例。ELISA检测各组患者血清中P-选择素水平．并比较各组间的差异；冠脉造影术对冠脉病变进行Gensini评分，并了解其与血清中P-选择素的相关性。结果：冠心病患者血清中的P-选择素水平显著高于正常对照组；在冠D病组内，急性冠脉综合症组的P-选择素水平显著高于稳定型冠心病患者，但两组冠脉病变Gemini评分无显著差别；而且冠脉病变Gemini评分与血清中P-选择素水平呈明显的相关性。结论：P-选择素可能参与了冠状动脉粥样硬化的发生和发展过程，血清P-选择素水平可能是冠脉病变严重度的一个预测指标。     

Platelet function in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) predicts recurrent ACS

BACKGROUND: Platelet hyperfunction contributes to acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Thus, we hypothesized that platelet function under high shear stress predicts recurrent ACS during long-term follow-up of ACS patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Consecutive ACS patients (n = 208) were prospectively followed-up for an average of 28 months. Platelet function was measured with the platelet function analyzer (PFA-100; Dade Behring, Marburg, Germany) at baseline for collagen/adenosine diphosphate closure times (CADP-CT) and for collagen/epinephrine closure times (CEPI-CT) after infusion of a uniform dose of 250 mg aspirin. RESULTS: Of the conventional risk factors, only the prevalence of diabetes was higher in ACS patients with re-events. However, use of clopidogrel and use of beta blockers were also slightly lower in patients with re-events (P < 0.05). The unadjusted risk hazard ratio (HR) for re-events was 3.3 [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.4-7.4; P = 0.005] in those patients with the shortest CADP-CT values (lowest quartile). Similarly, the risk was 2.0-fold higher (95% CI: 1.1-3.6; P = 0.02) in ACS patients with CEPI-CT < 300 s as compared with CEPI-CT >or = 300 s. Inclusion of diabetes, clopidogrel and beta blockers in a multivariate Cox regression model enhanced the predictive value of CEPI-CT (HR: 2.7). Inclusion of von Willebrand factor levels did not alter the HR for recurrent ACS (HR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.1-5.2; P = 0.03) for CEPI-CT < 300 s, but reduced the HR for CADP-CT (HR: 2.8, 95% CI: 0.8-9.8; P = 0.11). CONCLUSION: Shortened CT values reflect biologically relevant platelet hyperfunction in patients with ACS because they predict recurrent ACS.     

Cleft closure for the treatment of unhealed perineal sinus

OBJECTIVE: Despite improvements in surgical practice, persistent perineal wound sinus is still a common complication after proctectomy. This study presents the success of a modified cleft closure technique in dealing with this problem. METHODS: From May 1997 patients with a persistent perineal sinus after surgery underwent a cleft closure - similar to that performed for patients with pilonidal sinus disease. RESULTS: Eight patients (6 male, 2 female) with an average age of 52 years underwent a cleft closure for a persistent perineal sinus after surgery. Four patients had undergone a proctocolectomy (ulcerative colitis), 2 an abdominoperineal excision of the rectum (adenocarcinoma) and 2 a proctectomy (1 Crohn's disease, 1 complication of diverticular disease). Symptoms had been present for an average of 41 months (range 5-152 months) and 3 patients had undergone other procedures attempted previously to deal with the problem. The first three patients had the procedure as an inpatient with an average stay of 4.7 days. The next 5 patients had the procedure as a day case (2 local anaesthetic, 3 general anaesthetic). Two patients developed a postoperative wound infection and all but one wound had healed completely by 8 weeks. In this patient the procedure was repeated to achieve healing. There was no other associated morbidity and no postoperative deaths. There have been no recurrences to date. CONCLUSION: Modified cleft closure for persistent perineal sinus is a simple procedure with low morbidity that can be performed under local anaesthetic in the day surgery unit.     

非体外循环紧急转为体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术的分析

目的了解导致非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting,off-pumpCABG)紧急转为体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting,on-pump CABG)的临床的原因,为手术方法的选择提供借鉴。方法回顾分析2002年1月～2006年5月期间546例冠心病患者行off-pumpCABG的临床资料,对术中需紧急转为体外循环下完成手术的患者(off-pump转on-pump组,24例)与同期顺利完成off-pump CABG患者(off-pump组,522例)进行对比分析,并行logistic多因素分析。结果在行off-pump CABG中,24例患者因心室颤动或血流动力学不稳定需紧急改变术式。Off-pump转on-pump组患者中死亡4例,死亡率为16.7%(4/24),明显高于off-pump组[16.7%vs.2.7%(14/522),P<0.001]。多因素logistic回归分析结果提示急性心肌梗死(OR=3.142,P=0.004)、急诊CABG(OR=1.571,P=0.011)和右冠状动脉狭窄≤90%(OR=1.922,P=0.024)为off-pump转为on-pump的危险因素。结论Off-pump紧急转为on-pump时死亡率明显增高,对同时合并有右冠状动脉狭窄≤90%、急性心肌梗死和急诊CABG等高危因素行off-pump CABG时,要做好体外循环的准备。     

男性病人冠状动脉病变与吸烟关系的研究

[目的]探讨吸烟对病人冠状动脉病变的影响。[方法]对吸烟组(5 0例)与不吸烟组(3 0例)进行冠状动脉造影,观察记录冠状动脉病变情况并进行统计学分析。[结果]两组冠状动脉病变记分、每日不同吸烟量与冠状动脉病变记分、不同的吸烟年限与冠状动脉病变记分比较均有统计学意义(P <0 .0 1)。[结论]长期吸烟可使冠状动脉病变程度加重,应加强对长期吸烟及冠状动脉介入术后病人的健康教育,有效预防和控制冠心病,提高人群的健康水平。     

鼻内镜联合显微镜经鼻腔蝶窦及中颅窝手术

目的探讨鼻内镜下经鼻腔直接入路行蝶窦及中颅窝手术的方法. 方法鼻内镜下经较宽大一侧鼻腔将中鼻甲向外推移,鼻腔扩张器扩大视野,直达并开放蝶窦前壁, 鼻内镜与显微镜联合切除病变. 结果 10例孤立性蝶窦炎术后症状消失.6例蝶窦囊肿、脑膜瘤均一次手术切除.32例垂体腺瘤17例全切除,12例次全切除,3例大部分切除,术后补充X刀治疗.48例术后随访6个月～3.5年,平均2.5年,蝶窦囊肿、蝶窦炎、脑膜瘤无复发,3例垂体腺瘤复发,无颅内感染并发症,无鼻腔粘连、鼻出血等鼻腔并发症. 结论鼻内镜联合显微镜经鼻腔蝶窦及中颅窝手术损伤小、出血少、手术时间短、效果好.     

Surgical treatment for coronary artery aneurysm

Two successful cases of the surgical treatment for coronary artery aneurysm (non-Kawasaki disease) were reported. The first case had a saccular aneurysm on the left circumflex coronary artery (LCx) #14. Resection of the LCx aneurysm was performed subsequent to single vessel coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) to the distal portion of LCx#14 under the cardioplegic cardiac arrest. The second case had aneurysms on both the left anterior descending artery (LAD) #7 (fusiform) and the LCx#11 (saccular). After double vessel CABG to LAD#7 and LCx#11, ligation or resection of two aneurysms was performed successfully. Postoperative courses have been uneventful with good angiographic results achieved. Since these surgical procedures demonstrated safety, the patients are expected to achieve a good long-term prognosis.     

不同免疫剂治疗扩张型心肌病患儿心功能和临床预后评价

目的观察比较泼尼松联用硫唑嘌呤和大剂量静脉用免疫球蛋白(IVIG)对扩张型心肌病(DCM)患儿心功能及预后的影响。方法将DCM患儿20例分为治疗Ⅰ和Ⅱ组,分别在传统抗心衰治疗基础上加泼尼松联用硫唑嘌呤和大剂量IVIG,治疗1个疗程后评价心功能,检测治疗前后左房横径(LA)、左室舒张期内径(LV)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、心脏指数(CI),并计算其治疗前后变化。所有病例随访1年,计算1年存活率。结果治疗Ⅱ组心功能明显优于治疗Ⅰ组(P均<0.05);两组LA、LV、LVEF和CI治疗后较治疗前均有明显改善(P均<0.05);治疗Ⅰ组各参数变化明显低于治疗Ⅱ组(P均<0.05),其1年存活率明显低于治疗组Ⅱ(P<0.05)。结论泼尼松联用硫唑嘌呤和大剂量IVIG均能改善DCM患儿心功能,但IVIG疗效优于泼尼松联用硫唑嘌呤。     

海绵窦上段动眼神经的应用解剖研究

目的：探讨海绵窦上段动眼神经的应用解剖并讨论其临床意义。方法：经血管灌注后观测10例尸颅的海绵窦上段动眼神经及其毗邻与血供。结果：海绵窦上段动眼神经与海绵窦上段背侧紧邻海马钩回，内侧与视交叉、后交通动脉毗邻，外上与脉络膜前动脉相邻，腹侧紧贴鞍背突。海绵窦上段动眼神经80％未见神经外营养血管，可见20％后交通动脉发出1～2根分支进入神经。结论：海绵窦上段动眼神经毗邻结构复杂，滋养血管细小；在海绵窦上缘手术时，应特别注意辨认和保护动眼神经。     

Tissue plasminogen activator genetic polymorphisms do not influence tissue plasminogen activator release in patients with coronary heart disease

OBJECTIVES: To determine if polymorphisms of the tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) gene influence acute endogenous t-PA release in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS: Forearm blood flow and plasma t-PA concentrations were measured in response to intra-brachial infusion of substance P and sodium nitroprusside in 96 patients with stable CHD. Genotyping was performed using a Taqman polymerase chain reaction assay specifically designed to detect the polymorphisms of interest: (i) Alu-repeat insertion/deletion sequence; (ii) C-->T substitution in an upstream enhancer region (-7351 C/T); (iii) T-->C in exon 6 (20 099 T/C); and (iv) T-->A (27 445 T/A) in intron 10. RESULTS: Substance P and sodium nitroprusside caused dose-dependent increases in forearm blood flow in all patients (P < 0.001 for all) that were independent of the four genetic polymorphisms. Similarly, there were no differences in basal plasma t-PA antigen concentrations or net t-PA release between genotypes. Compared to non-smokers, smokers exhibited impaired substance P-induced vasodilatation (P < 0.001) and t-PA release (P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Despite confirming our previous findings in cigarette smokers, we have found no effect of polymorphisms of the t-PA gene on two complementary aspects of endothelial function. We conclude that genetic variation of the t-PA locus is unlikely to have a major influence on acute t-PA release in subjects with established CHD.