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81.
82.
Martin Geisler Carl Martin Allwood Ilkka Salo 《Health & social care in the community》2021,29(5):1473-1482
Social insurance administrative officers’ decision-making skills influence their efficiency at work and their general well-being. At work their tasks are characterised by complexity and a need for order and accountability. Moreover, cases should usually be handled and finalised within the imposed time frames. We investigated skills related to decision-making success among social insurance officers. In total, 118 administrative officers at the Swedish Social Insurance Agency (66% response rate) responded to questions on scales and measures relating to cognitive-rational, socio-emotional and time approach features of decision-making skill. In addition, they responded to questions on three scales pertaining to outcomes of everyday decisions in terms of subjective everyday difficulties, tendencies to burnout and depressive symptoms. The results showed that cognitive-rational competence was associated with lower reports of subjective everyday difficulties and depressive symptoms and thereby contributed to the explained variance in decision outcomes. Furthermore, socio-emotional and time approach features of decision-making skills contributed to the explanation for subjective everyday difficulties, tendencies to burnout and depressive symptoms. The results corroborate the basic assumption and usefulness of a broad approach in the definition and assessment of decision-making skills in human service professions in general, and of administrative officers in social insurance agencies in particular. Recommendations for future research and the implications of the results are discussed. 相似文献
83.
本文ELLSA检测,对55例HBV感染者血清中的抗-HBcIgM随访研究其动态变化。结果发现,急性乙肝35例抗-HBcIgM的阳性率在入院时,6个月,12个月分别为100%(35/35),86%(31/36),及34%(6/18),提示抗-HBcIgM在6个月大都保持阳性,至12个月大部分消失;“无症状”携带者20例抗-HBcIgM阳性率在首检时,6个月,24个月都为100%(各为20/20,17/17,及10/10),提示“无症状”携带者的抗-HBcIgM很难自然消失,同时把抗-HBcIgM和HBsAg检测对比,提示HBsAg阴性不能排除急性乙肝的诊断。 相似文献
84.
目的:研究铁路驾乘作业对铁路机车司机神经行为功能的影响情况。方法:采用随机整群抽样法,抽取机车司机238名,另选年龄、工龄等条件类同的车站工作人员190名,按照WHO神经行为核心组合测试并分析比较行为功能。结果:与对照组相比,机车司机的反映情感状态的6项指标均受到显著或非常显著的不利影响。神经反应速度也受到了一定影响,表现在简单反应时中的最快及平均反应时间延长。另外,反映手的操作速度以及眼手协调功能的指标利手与非利手操作速度也较对照组明显下降,进一步分析可见,随着工龄或年龄的延长,上述指标受影响的程度呈逐渐增加的趋势。结论:神经行为核心测试组合在检测机车司机的亚临床职业损害方面是一项灵敏的指标 相似文献
85.
When first introduced, the advanced breast biopsy instrumentation (ABBI® ) system seemed to have many advantages as a diagnostic procedure. Problems have arisen, however, both in terms of patient unsuitability and mechanical failure. In addition, there has been uncertainty as to whether the complete lesion removal it afforded could be considered definitive treatment in malignant cases. Incision margins were looked at to investigate that possibility. Of the 183 patients we saw in our first year of experience with ABBI, 48 (26%) were rejected for being poor candidates for it. In the remaining 132 biopsies there were 31 (23%) technical difficulties. All told, 14 malignancies were discovered, all of which appeared to have pathology-free incision margins radiologically. However, 13 of these 14 (93%) proved on pathologic examination to have residual malignancy. ▪ 相似文献
86.
OBJECTIVES: To develop a video assessment method for General Practitioners (GPs) by analysing issues of validity, reliability and feasibility of observation of videotaped regular consultations. DESIGN: In a cross-sectional study consultations of 93 GPs were video recorded in the practice during 1 week. The GPs registered consultation and patient data in a logbook; 16 consultations per GP were selected using preset criteria. The quality of communicative and medical performance of these consultations was assessed by GP observers with a validated instrument. The validity of the procedure was evaluated by checking the content of each GP's sample using specific sample criteria. Selection bias was estimated by multiple regression analysis, with sample characteristics as independent variables and scores on communication and medical performance as dependent variables. The influence of observation on GPs and patients was assessed by a questionnaire. Generalizability theory was used to estimate reliability. Feasibility was assessed by conducting a questionnaire, by keeping accounts, and by checking the technical quality of the videotaped consultations. SETTING: Universities of Nijmegen and Maastricht, The Netherlands. SUBJECTS: General Practitioners (GPs). RESULTS: The domain of general practice was well covered in the samples; content validity was satisfactory. With regard to the sample characteristics, only the total duration of consultations appeared to correlate significantly with both the score on communication and the score on medical performance. A majority (71%) of GPs reported not being influenced by the observation, except in the first cases, and recognizing their usual daily performance in the videotaped consultations. An acceptable level of reliability was reached after 2.5 hours of observation, i.e. 12 cases by a single observer. The method was well accepted by both GPs and patients. The costs were pound250 per GP. CONCLUSIONS: Video assessment of GPs in daily practice according to the procedures described is a valid and reliable method, one which is useful for education and quality improvement. There is a trade-off between feasibility on one hand and validity, reliability and credibility on the other hand. Compared to investments in observation methods in standardized settings, the costs of video observation of GPs' actual performance are acceptable. 相似文献
87.
儿科加强医疗病房全身炎症反应综合征和多器官功能不全综合征的临床分析 总被引:22,自引:1,他引:22
目的应用新概念———全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)和多器官功能不全综合征(MODS)认识多器官功能衰竭(MOF)。方法回顾性总结分析1995年1月~1997年12月我院儿科加强监护病房收治的危重患儿,根据Hayden修订的SIRS诊断标准和全国小儿急诊学组拟定的MOF诊断标准进行临床分析。结果全组304例患儿,符合SIRS标准252例,占82.9%.原发病有感染性疾病和非感染性疾病。在SIRS和MODS病程发展过程中部分患儿出现一过性肝、肾、胃肠道和脑等器官功能受损的表现,最终进展为MODS共65例,占25.8%。MODS的病死率为43.1%(28/65)。发生MODS的高危因素为入院危重评分<75分,明显高代谢反应和合并C反应蛋白,而与年龄无明显关系。结论SIRS和MODS是小儿加强医疗病房中常见病症,病死率较高。SIRS和急诊学组制定的MOF诊断标准简单实用,但应根据美国胸科协会和危重病医学会倡议将MOF更名为MODS。SIRS和MODS进展至器官功能衰竭前存在器官功能受损的表现,应予高度重视并早期干预。 相似文献
88.
89.
张雪燕 《中华现代医院管理杂志》2005,3(8):684-685
我院在确立了研究型医院的定位后,采取了一系列的科研改革举措,如重新整合科研力量,发展重点学科,加大对科研的投入,设立院所青年科研启动基金,强调人才建设,加强科研管理工作等,这些举措对促进原始创新,增强我院核心竞争力将起到重要作用,从而使我院发展成国内最大、国际知名的心脏病研究中心。 相似文献
90.
Capacity and competence in the field of child and adolescent psychiatry are complex issues, because of the many different influences that are involved in how children and adolescents make treatment decisions within the setting of mental health. This article will examine some of the influences which must be considered, namely: developmental aspects, the paradoxical relationship between the need for autonomy and participation and the capacity of children, family psychiatry, and the duty of care towards children and adolescents. The legal frameworks relevant to consideration of consent and competence will be briefly considered, as well as some studies of children's consent, participation and competence. A case vignette will be used as a focus to consider the complexity of the issue of competence in child and adolescent psychiatry, in the particular mental disorder of anorexia nervosa. 相似文献