雾化吸入对新生儿肺炎患儿血氧饱和度的影响

采用动脉血氧饱和度仪对５２例新生儿肺炎患儿，在雾化吸入治疗过程中的动脉血氧饱和度（ＳａＯ２）进行了监测，对比了吸氧与否对ＳａＯ２改变的影响。结查表明：与基础值比较，雾化吸入时患儿的ＳａＯ２显著下降（Ｐ＜０．０１），而雾化吸入同时吸氧者ＳａＯ２无明显变化（Ｐ＞０．０５），但两者比较具有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结果提示雾化吸入可使新生儿肺炎患儿ＳａＯ２下降；同时吸氧，对防止ＳａＯ２的下降有一定作用。     

RAPD法对肺炎克雷白杆菌的基因分型

为了探讨肺炎克雷白杆菌的基因分型，我们用煮沸法制备细菌基因组ＤＮＡ，进行随机引物－聚合物酶链反应，所有１８个肺炎克雷白杆菌菌株均产生了特异性的，可重复的扩增条带，提示：ＲＡＰＤ方法可用于肺炎克雷白杆菌的分型鉴定和进行分子流行病学研究。     

An Autopsy Case of Dermatomyositis with Rapidly Progressive Diffuse Alveolar Damage

A 47-year-old woman visited a clinic with dyspnea which had continued for two months and was followed by general fatigue and fever. Antibiotics were not effective. Edematous erythema occurred on her face, elbows, knees and feet, and she entered our hospital. A skin biopsy revealed interface dermatitis with severe edema and mucinosis in dermis. Diffuse bilateral infiltration was observed in the chest X-ray, and laboratory findings showed increased LDH, GPT, GOT and CPK. No antinuclear factor was detected. Her respiratory condition rapidly worsened, and she died eight days after hospitalization in spite of corticosteroid pulse therapy. The autopsy revealed that the main cause of death was diffuse alveolar damage (DAD). Interstitial pneumonia related to dermatomyositis is not histologically uniform; the response to the therapy depends on its histological type. The patients with dermatomyositis who have poor prognosis are clinically characterized by acute onset with general symptoms and less pronounced muscle weakness; they generally show DAD in their lungs. We need to establish a simple method for distinguishing histological types of interstitial pneumonia and adequate therapy for each one.     

中国农村地区5岁以下儿童肺炎死亡社会危险因素研究

目的 调查农村5岁以下儿童肺炎死亡相关的社会危险因素.方法1995年11月—1997年2月在湖北恩施和建始两个贫困地区对5岁以下儿童肺炎死亡的危险因素进行病例—对照研究,死亡病例组226例,肺炎对照组 452例.结果 引起儿童肺炎死亡的社会-经济危险因素有:家庭的人均年收入少于 450元、母亲没有立即带孩子看病的理由是没钱看病或交通不便、家中曾有过一个孩子死亡、家长和村医生的文化程度低、父亲的职业是农民、居室内有火炉、母亲对疾病的认识不够、医生的专业培训不足等.结论 除生物相关因素外,社会危险因素同样是农村5岁以下儿童肺炎死亡的重要因素.它们中某些因素是可以借助对父母的健康教育和急性呼吸道感染病例标准管理而得到控制.     

双歧杆菌三联活菌肠溶胶囊联合阿奇霉素序贯疗法治疗对肺炎支原体肺炎腹泻患儿胃肠炎症的调节作用

目的观察双歧杆菌三联活菌肠溶胶囊联合阿奇霉素序贯疗法治疗对肺炎支原体肺炎腹泻患儿胃肠炎症的调节作用。 方法将肺炎支原体肺炎伴腹泻的患儿106例均分为对照组和观察组。对照组采用阿奇霉素序贯疗法治疗,观察组在对照组基础上给予双歧杆菌三联活菌肠溶胶囊治疗。比较两组疗效和肠道菌群失调发生率。比较两组胃肠激素、降钙素原(PCT)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、中性粒细胞百分比(NEUT%)、嗜酸性粒细胞计数(EOS)水平。 结果观察组总有效率高于对照组(P＜0.05)。治疗后,两组胃肠激素和PCT、CRP、NEUT%、EOS较治疗前下降(P＜0.05),且观察组低于对照组(P＜0.05)。观察组肠道菌群失调发生率低于对照组(P＜0.05)。 结论双歧杆菌三联活菌肠溶胶囊联合阿奇霉素序贯疗法治疗可减轻肺炎支原体并腹泻肺炎患儿炎症反应,调节胃肠激素,降低患儿肠道菌群失调的发生。     

基于文献计量学的病毒性肺炎免疫应答调节机制研究进展分析

[目的] 了解病毒性肺炎及其免疫应答机制的研究现状,分析该领域的热点和研究发展趋势。[方法] 检索Web of Science(WOS)核心合集数据库中有关病毒性肺炎免疫应答相关的文献为文献样本,基于文献计量学,利用Citespace对该领域文献进行国家合作、机构合作、关键词等分析。[结果] 共检测到相关文献796篇,美国的发文量、研究者数量及研究成果在全球都处于领先地位,美国国立卫生研究院为发文最多的机构;中国研究处于不断发展阶段,与其他国家有良好合作,国内交流有待增强;主要的热点话题有呼吸道合胞病毒、流感、发病机制、细胞因子表达、炎症反应等。[结论] 该领域研究受疫情爆发的影响,正处于发展阶段,全球应加国内外强科研合作,提高防治疫情整体研究水平。     

可溶性髓系细胞触发受体-1、降钙素原、脑钠肽联合检测对老年患者重症肺炎预后的评估价值

目的 探讨血清可溶性髓系细胞触发受体-1(sTREM-1)、降钙素原（PCT）、脑钠肽（BNP）联合检测对老年患者重症肺炎（SP）预后的评估价值。方法 选取2019年2月—2022年1月贵州医科大学附属医院内科重症监护治疗病房（ICU）收治的127例老年SP患者作为研究对象。统计患者入住ICU后28 d的生存情况,并依据是否存活分为生存组和死亡组。对比两组临床资料。多因素Cox回归分析老年SP患者预后的影响因素。制作受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线,以曲线下面积（AUC）评价血清sTREM-1、PCT、BNP及联合检测对老年SP患者预后的评估价值。结果 两组患者性别、年龄、BMI、入住ICU时间、体温、合并基础疾病、吸烟史、饮酒史、机械通气、白细胞计数、白蛋白及血乳酸水平对比,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。死亡组病变累及多个肺叶占比和PSI评分、CRP、IL-6、IL-18、sTREM-1、PCT及BNP水平高于生存组（P <0.05）。多因素Cox回归分析结果显示：病变累及多个肺叶[■=2.901(95%CI:1.335,6.305)]、PSI评分[■=2.807(95%...     

Characterisation of non-multiresistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (including EMRSA-15) in Kuwait Hospitals

This study characterised non-multiresistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (nmMRSA) isolates from Kuwait hospitals to ascertain whether they were community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA). Forty-two nmMRSA isolates obtained between July 2001 and October 2003 were analysed by staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing, bacteriophage typing, production of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), urease and staphylococcal enterotoxins A, B, C and D, TSST-1, and by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Forty-one isolates were SCCmec type IV, and one isolate was SCCmec type III. The isolates belonged to six PFGE patterns, with two types, A and D, distributed in six and four hospitals, respectively. Most (n = 26; 61.9%) isolates produced urease. These isolates were mainly from wound and skin infections, showed low-level methicillin resistance (MIC 8-48 mg/L), and nine carried genes for PVL. These characteristics, together with their carriage of the type-IV SCCmec, identified the isolates as CA-MRSA. Ten of the 16 urease-negative isolates produced staphylococal enterotoxin C; 12 reacted weakly with phage 75, and were resistant to clindamycin and/or erythromycin, which are characteristics of EMRSA-15. Thus, this study identified the co-existence of two types of nmMRSA, i.e., CA-MRSA and EMRSA-15, in Kuwait hospitals.     

Unusual intraparenchymal growth patterns of malignant pleural mesothelioma

AIMS: Malignant pleural mesothelioma is known to mimic morphologically a number of diverse reactive and neoplastic conditions. We describe three unusual intraparenchymal growth patterns of malignant mesothelioma seen in a series of 200 malignant pleural mesotheliomas. The diagnostic pitfalls associated with these findings are described and their potential medico-legal implications are highlighted. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study group comprised 200 malignant pleural mesotheliomas. In each case diagnosis was morphologically confirmed with ancillary immunohistochemistry using a broad panel of both mesothelial and epithelial markers. The patterns of intraparenchymal growth were documented and grouped as: direct subpleural; lymphangitic; and other. The 200 malignant pleural mesotheliomas comprised 118 epithelioid, 57 biphasic and 25 sarcomatoid, subtyped according to the WHO classification. Direct subpleural invasion was seen in 42 cases, lymphangitic spread in 27 cases. Other less well-defined intraparenchymal patterns included three sarcomatoid subtype malignant mesotheliomas exhibiting an intra-alveolar growth pattern mimicking epithelioid haemangioendothelioma. One epithelioid subtype malignant mesothelioma contained an intraparenchymal tumour nodule microscopically comprising lepidic spread of neoplastic cells over maintained alveolar structures mimicking bronchioloalveolar carcinoma. One epithelioid subtype malignant mesothelioma morphologically had areas in which alveoli were distended by discohesive epithelioid neoplastic cells with no interstitial invasion. The appearances mimicked desquamative interstitial pneumonia. Immunohistochemistry played an important role in the definitive diagnosis of each unusual parenchymal tumour deposit. In 126 malignant mesotheliomas no invasion of the subjacent lung parenchyma was identified. CONCLUSIONS: An awareness of the unusual parenchymal growth pattern in malignant mesothelioma is important to prevent misdiagnosis of other entities. In the medico-legal setting, the presence of epithelioid haemangioendothelioma or bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (in the absence of asbestosis) may be deemed to impact upon the patient's anticipated life expectancy and thereby would decrease the compensation settlement.     

Safety and efficacy of oral nemonoxacin versus levofloxacin in treatment of community-acquired pneumonia: A phase 3, multicenter,randomized, double-blind,double-dummy,active-controlled,non-inferiority trial

Background/Purpose

Nemonoxacin is a novel nonfluorinated quinolone with excellent in vitro activity against most pathogens in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), especially Gram-positive isolates. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of nemonoxacin compared with levofloxacin in patients with CAP.