低分子肝素钙联合双抗治疗进展性缺血性脑卒中疗效观察

目的：观察低分子肝素钙联合双抗治疗进展性缺血性脑卒中的临床效果。方法将100例进展性缺血性脑卒中患者随机分为观察组和对照组各50例。观察组采用氯吡格雷及拜阿司匹林与低分子肝素钙联合治疗,对照组采用血塞通常规治疗。观察2组患者治疗前后纤维蛋白原（Fg）水平、凝血酶原时间（PT）及神经功能缺损评分变化。结果观察组治疗总有效率为94％高于对照组的70％,差异有统计学意义（P ﹤0.05）;2组疗前 Fg、PT 比较差异无统计学意义（P ﹥0.05）,疗后2周,观察组 Fg 水平低于对照组,PT 大于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P ﹤0.05）;治疗前2组患者神经功能缺损评分比较差异无统计学意义（P ﹥0.05）,治疗后观察组神经功能缺损评分低于对照组（P ﹤0.05）。结论采用低分子肝素钙联合双抗血小板治疗进展性缺血性脑卒中,可改善神经神经功能缺损情况,提高临床治疗效果,改善脑微循环,对改善患者预后有非常重要的价值。     

Mortality and Long-Term Outcome of Neonates with Congenital Heart Disease and Acute Perinatal Stroke: A Population-Based Case-Control Study

Objective: Neonates with congenital heart disease (CHD) and perinatal stroke have high mortality and survivors are at risk for poor long-term neurodevelopmental outcome. The aim of this study was to assess the risk factors and outcome of neonates with both CHD and MRI-confirmed perinatal stroke (Study Group) and compare those to the risk factors and outcome of infants matched for CHD without stroke (Control-1) and of infants matched for MRI-confirmed stroke without CHD (Control-2). Methods: We conducted a population-based case-control study enrolling 28 term neonates with CHD and MRI-confirmed acute perinatal stroke born between 2007–2017 in the Central-Hungarian Region. Each of the control groups included 56 infants. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II, the Brunet-Lézine test and the Binet Intelligence scales-V were used for neurodevelopmental follow-up at a median age of 61 months. Results: Mortality was highest in the Study Group (25% compared to 5% and 2%, respectively, p = 0.001). Adverse neurodevelopmental outcome was prevalent in the Study (53%) and Control-2 Groups (52%, p = 0.03). Significantly different parameters among the three groups included Apgar scores, mode of delivery, gestational age at birth, cardiac interventions and twin pregnancy. In a multivariable regression analysis adjusted for clinically relevant parameters, patients in the Study Group had significantly higher odds for mortality compared to patients in the Control-1 Group (OR: 6.5 95% CI: 1.1–39.4). Conclusions: Neonates with perinatal stroke and CHD are at a higher risk for dying compared to neonates with CHD without stroke. In addition, the stroke-associated direct insult to the brain likely plays an important role in the development of neurodevelopmental morbidity in these patients.     

Blood pressure variability and outcome in acute severe stroke: A post hoc analysis of CHASE—A randomized controlled trial

The influence of blood pressure variability (BPV) on outcomes in patients with severe stroke is still largely unsettled. Using the data of CHASE trial, the authors calculated the BPV during the acute phase and subacute phase of severe stroke, respectively. The primary outcome was to investigate the relationship between BPV and 90‐day modified Rankin scale (mRS) ≥ 3. The BPV was assessed by eight measurements including standard deviation (SD), mean, maximum, minimum, coefficient of variation (CV), successive variation (SV), functional successive variation (FSV), and average real variability (ARV). Then, the SD of SBP was divided into quintiles and compared the quintile using logistic regression in three models. The acute phase included 442 patients, and the subacute phase included 390 patients. After adjustment, six measurements of BPV during the subacute phase rather than acute phase were strongly correlated with outcomes including minimum (odds ratio [OR]: 0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.69‐0.99, p = .037), SD (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.03‐1.17, p = .007), CV (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.03‐1.23, p = .012), ARV (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.05‐1.20, p < .001), SV (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04‐1.15, p = .001), and FSV (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.05‐1.19, p = .001). In the logistic regression, the highest fifth of SD of SBP predicted poor outcome in all three models. In conclusion, the increased BPV was strongly correlated with poor outcomes in the subacute phase of severe stroke, and the magnitude of association was progressively increased when the SD of BP was above 12.     

脑出血患者气管切开并发肺部感染的预测研究

目的探讨脑出血患者气管切开并发肺部感染的预测方法及价值。 方法选取亳州市人民医院重症医学科自2018年5月至2020年2月收治的142例脑出血气管切开患者为研究对象,按照脑出血气管切开患者并发肺部感染情况,分为发生组和未发生组。分析脑出血气管切开患者肺部感染危险因素,对比2组患者气管切开术后次日血清白蛋白（Alb）、降钙素原（PCT）及D-二聚体（D-D）水平。采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析血清Alb、PCT、D-D水平及三者联合预测脑出血气管切开并发肺部感染的价值。 结果本组患者中有33例（23.24%）并发肺部感染,纳入发生组,余109例患者纳入未发生组。发生组脑出血气管切开患者的血清Alb水平[（34.28±7.61）g/L]明显低于未发生组[（48.15±9.27）g/L],PCT[（0.25±0.06）ng/mL]和D-D水平[（253.16±41.27）μg/L]均明显高于未发生组[（0.17±0.05）ng/mL,（168.41±35.24）μg/L],差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。慢性阻塞性肺疾病、吸烟史、低蛋白血症、气管切开距离发病时间≥5 d、气管插管、使用呼吸机、应用广谱抗菌药物、进行颅脑手术、血清Alb<40 g/L、PCT≥0.15 ng/L、D-D≥200 μg/L均是影响出血性气管切开患者肺部感染发生的独立危险因素（P<0.05）,入院GCS评分是其保护因素（OR=0.551,P=0.023）;ROC分析显示,血清Alb、PCT、D-D水平预测脑出血气管切开患者并发肺部感染的最佳截断点分别为36.29 g/L、0.23 ng/mL、228.05 μg/L;血清Alb、PCT及D-D三者联合预测脑出血气管切开患者并发肺部感染的灵敏度、特异度、曲线下面积（AUC）分别为69.70%、97.25%、0.912,特异度和AUC均高于单独预测（P<0.05）,灵敏度与单独预测差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论脑出血气管切开患者并发肺部感染风险高,且慢性阻塞性肺疾病、吸烟史、低蛋白血症等与血清Alb<40 g/L、PCT≥0.15 ng/L、D-D≥200 μg/L均是其影响因素,血清Alb、PCT、D-D水平联合可用于预测肺部感染。     

The ankle–brachial index and risk of incident stroke in Chinese hypertensive population without atrial fibrillation: A cross‐sectional study

We aimed to evaluate the relation of the ankle–brachial index (ABI) with the prevalence of stroke and to examine any possible effect modifiers among hypertensive patients without atrial fibrillation. A total of 10 750 subjects with hypertension aged 27‐96 years were included in the current study. The outcome was a stroke. Odds ratios of stroke concerning ABI were calculated using multivariate logistic regression models. Among 10 750 hypertensive participants, 690 (6.42%) had a stroke. Multivariate logistic analyses showed that ABI was negatively correlated with the prevalence of stroke (per SD increment; adjusted OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.82‐0.94). Compared with participants in Q 1, the odds ratios (95% CI) for those in the Q2 (1.05 to 1.10), Q3 (1.10 to 1.15), and Q4 (≥1.15) were 0.71 (0.56, 0.90), 0.87 (0.70, 1.08), and 0.81 (0.65, 1.01), respectively. However, compared with higher ABI value, lower ABI value (<1.05) would significantly increase the odds of stroke (OR: 1.26, 95% CI [1.05‐1.50]), especially in the elderly over 65 years old. A generalized additive model and a smooth curve fitting showed that there existed an L‐shaped association between ABI and the prevalence of stroke. Our results suggest that an L‐shaped association between ABI and the prevalence of stroke was found in general hypertensive patients, with a turning point at about 1.05. Compared with higher ABI value, lower ABI value (<1.05) would significantly increase the prevalence of stroke (OR: 1.26, 95% CI [1.05‐1.50]), especially in the elderly over 65 years old.     

非瓣膜病心房颤动患者循环miRNA-21水平及应用价值初探

目的：探索非瓣膜病心房颤动患者循环miRNA-21的水平及可能的应用价值。 方法：前瞻性的筛选连续收治的非瓣膜病心房颤动患者,收集患者的人口学特征,病史等资料。将CHA2DS2-VASc评分≥2分（男）或≥3分（女）定义为高卒中风险。采集患者空腹外周静脉血,ELISA法检测NT-proBNP;qRT-PCR法检测循环miRNA-21水平。评估miRNA-21水平与CHA2DS2-VASc评分和NT-proBNP之间的相关性,ROC曲线验证miRNA-21对高卒中风险的预测价值。 结果：共入选患者89例,高卒中风险患者41例（46.1%）,中位CHA2DS2-VASc评分4（2.5-5.5）分。,高卒中风险组与低卒中风险组血常规、肝肾功能、NT-proBNP等无显著差异;高卒中风险组循环miRNA-21表达量显著升高。Pearson相关分析显示循环miRNA-21表达量与CHA2DS2-VASc评分(r=0.461,p=0.002)和NT-proBNP（r=0.386, p=0.013）均显著相关。ROC分析提示miRNA-21表达量对高卒中风险具有较高预测价值（AUC=0.843, p＜0.001）。 结论：循环miRNA-21可能用于预测非瓣膜病心房颤动患者高卒中风险。