Fatigue and fitness modelled from the effects of training on performance

Summary The purpose of this study was to compare two ways of estimating both fatigue and fitness indicators from systems model of the effects of training on performance. The model was applied to data concerning the training of a hammer thrower. The variations in performance were mathematically related to the successive amounts of training. The model equation was composed of negative (NF) and positive (PF) functions. The NF and PF were associated with the fatigue and fitness estimated in previous studies. Using another method, fatigue and fitness indicators were estimated from a combination of NF and PF. The influence of training on performance was negatively associated with fatigue (NI), and positively to fitness (PI). The changes in performance were well described by the model in the present study (r = 0.96,N = 19,P<0.001). Significant correlations were observed between NF and NI (r = 0.93,P < 0.001) on the one hand and between PF and PI (r = 0.90,P < 0.001) on the other. The absolute values and the time variations of PI and NI were closer to the change in performance than NF and PF. The NF and PF were accounted for mainly by the accumulation of amounts of training. On the other hand, NI and PI were accounted for rather by the impact of these amounts of training on performance.     

抑郁认知理论的研究进展

目的探讨抑郁认知理论的发展状况。方法从抑郁三联症和抑郁自我图式两方面对抑郁的认知理论的研究状况进行综述。结果抑郁三联症可缩减为对自我的消极想法1个维度,抑郁者消极自我图式中还存在大量积极信息。结论需要加强对抑郁认知理论的研究。     

成年罪犯人格特征及父母教养方式的相关分析

目的：了解成年罪犯的人格特征及探讨父母教养方式与其人格的相关性。方法：对139名成年男性罪犯进行EPQ人格问卷,EMBU父母教养方式量表测试。结果：罪犯E、N、P分高于常模,L分低于常模,暴力型犯罪E分高于财产型犯罪。幼时家庭不完整者的“父母情感温暖、理解”、“父亲偏爱被试”因子分比幼时家庭完整者低。“父母情感温暖、理解”,“母亲过分干涉、过分保护”因子与E因子显著相关;“母子过分干涉、保护”及“母亲拒绝、否认”因子与N因子显著相关;“父母惩罚严厉、拒绝否认”因子与P因子显著相关。结论：罪犯的人格特征与父母教养方式显著相关。     

广泛性焦虑障碍的担忧及其测量

广泛性焦虑障碍（GAD）是普遍存在于焦虑症患者之中的基础焦虑障碍，担忧是其核心特征。在众多担忧理论之中，Wells的元认知理论是目前最有效地解释GAD的理论。由该理论发展而来的担忧量表对GAD的鉴别及诊断都显示了很好的信度和效度。     

药物从多孔骨架聚合物系统中恒速释放的机理

以组分的连续性方程为基础 ,建立了药物从多孔骨架聚合物系统中释放的数学模型。在模型中引入相对渗透速度来刻画药物释放过程中不同机理的影响。对药物从多孔骨架聚合物系统中non -Fickian扩散现象进行了研究 ,特别对药物溶出机制控制的恒速释药现象进行了解释。     

55对独生与多生子女MMPI配对研究

按同班、同性别、学号最邻近１：１配对原则从１６～１８岁青少年中选出５５对（男３４，女２１）独生与多生子女作为被试。ＭＭＰＩ测试结果：各量表Ｔ值，男性两组间无显著性差异；女性Ｋ量表独生组高于多生组，Ｄ和Ｓｉ两量表独生组低于多生组，其余１１项量表两组间亦无显著性差异。提示：总体上独生与多生子女间无显著个性差异，但独生女与多生女间有所差别。     

大学生感觉寻求人格特征与脑电诱发电位的关系

目的:研究大学生感觉寻求人格特征与脑电诱发电位的相关性.方法:测试大学生感觉寻求及MMPI人格特征,分析长潜伏期听觉诱发电位与感觉寻求人格特征的相关性,寻找感觉寻求人格特征的生物学标志,并进一步探讨感觉寻求人格特征的生物学基础.结果:1.高、低感觉寻求组轻躁狂(t=3.1)以及抑郁(t=3.62)分量表得分具有显著性差异(P均＜0.01),高感觉寻求组的抑郁得分较低,轻躁狂得分较高,而低感觉寻求组则与之相反.2.高感觉寻求者具有快速习惯化的特点(tc2=2.4,tc3=2.6,tc4=2.5,P均＜0.05).结论:1.感觉寻求人格特征呈现极端形式者(低或高)可能容易出现与抑郁、轻躁狂相关的精神问题.2.与强度依赖性相比,快速习惯化现象可能是高感觉寻求者的一个更加显著的电生理标志.     

Neuroticism,symptom reports,and Type A behavior: Interpretive cautions for the Framingham scale

The Framingham Type A Scale (FTAS) is one of three primary measures of Type A behavior. Unlike the structured interview (SI) and Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS), the FTAS is correlated with neuroticism. Further, neuroticism and FTAS scores predict angina-like chest pain complaints but not more definitive coronary heart disease (CHD) end points. Thus, the FTAS may be unique among Type A measures in its susceptibility to the neuroticism-symptom reporting confound. The present study examined associations of the SI, JAS, and FTAS with neuroticism and symptom reporting in two independent samples of undergraduate males. Unlike the SI and JAS, the FTAS was correlated with neuroticism and symptom reporting. Further, the correlations of FTAS scores and symptoms were due to shared variance with neuroticism. The findings are discussed in terms of a possible alternative interpretation of the Framingham Study and the need to consider neuroticism in studies of personality and health.     

Heritabilities,by the multiple abstract variance analysis (MAVA) model and objective test measures,of personality traits U.I.23, capacity to mobilize,U.I.24, anxiety,U.I.26, narcistic ego and U.I.28, asthenia,by maximum-likelihood methods

Heritability coefficients are offered for four personality source traits, measured by the O-A (objective-analytic) 2-h performance battery. Five family constellations covering a total sample of 1221 boys 12–18 years old yielded nine concrete variances which the MAVA (multiple abstract variance analysis) model resolves into seven abstract variances: ² _wg , within family genetic; ² _wt.s , within family threptic; ² _wt.t , within family threptic for twins; ² _bg , between family genetic; _bgbt , correlation of genetic and threptic deviations across families, etc. Maximum likelihood was the method here used for the MAVA analysis. The best fit with maximum parsimony was to assume no genothreptic ( _wgwt , _bgbt ) correlations, but extension to the parsimony of assuming either no genetic or no threptic components gave no fit. The heritabilities found were compared with those from an earlier research and from a different (OSES) method applied to the present data. The agreement is quite good in assigning a moderate heritability value tocapacity to mobilize vs. regression, U.I.23 (H about 0.30), and toanxiety, U.I.24 (H about 0.50); only moderately consistent in assigning a moderateH value toasthenia, U.I.28 (H about 0.30); and poorly consistent in assigning a lowH value tonarcistic ego, U.I.26. It is pointed out (a) that the lowH for U.I.28 fits the theory of the origin of this trait well and (b) that, in view of estimates of the function fluctuation of U.I.23 and 24, a most probable conclusion is that a capacity to mobilize is quitesubstantially innate and a general proneness to anxiety islargely innate.