术中面神经监测的动物实验与临床研究

目的：探讨术中面神经监测的参数与面神经减压术后面瘫的预后之间的关系。方法：对15只健康新西兰家兔30侧面神经及21例周围性面瘫患者进行术中面神经监测，术后随访6个月以上，使用χ^2检验评估术中监测的情况与减压术后面瘫的预后之间的关系。结果：15只家兔30侧面神经监测中不同个体的面神经阈值几乎均为0．05mA，在面神经的水平段、垂直段、颞骨外段其阈值也几乎均为0．05mA。21例面瘫患者，术中肌电图(EMG)引出者14例，其中13例减压术后面瘫的预后好，1例测舌差；EMG未引出者7例，其中1例减压术后面瘫的预后好，6例预后差。结论：术中面肌EMG的阈值能够较客观、稳定地评估面神经的功能。术中面肌EMG能否引出可以辅助预测面神经减压术后面瘫的预后情况，EMG能引出者预后好，反之则差。     

Hyperglycemia, hyperlipemia, and periodic paralysis: a case report of new side effects of clozapine

1. 1. This case report of a Chinese male schizophrenic patient describes new side effects that have not been documented previously for patients treated with clozapine. At certain doses of clozapine, the patient showed direct adverse reactions, which include a combination of hyperglycemia, hyperlipemia, and periodic paralysis.

2. 2. In a four-year study of this patient who had no previous episodes of diabetes in his or his family history, the authors found that these symptoms disappeared upon withdrawal of clozapine and relapsed with re-treatment of the drug.

3. 3. This study indicates that hyperglycemia, hyperlipemia, and periodic paralysis may need to be monitored on patients treated with clozapine.

     

家族性周期性麻痹8例报告和文献复习

目的报告8例儿童家族性周期性麻痹(FPP)病例,复习相关文献,以提高对其认识。方法回顾性总结8例FPP儿童的家系遗传特性、临床特征、辅助检查结果及治疗,分析其病因和诊断。结果6例为家族性低血钾型周期性麻痹,具有常染色体显性遗传的特征;发作时血清钾1.9~2.8 mmol/L,平均2.4 mmol/L;心电图出现U波等低血钾改变;其中1例血糖减低。另2例属于家族性正常血钾型周期性麻痹,也有常染色体显性遗传特性;发作时血清钾正常;1例血糖降低。8例甲状腺功能、肾功能和肌电图均正常。结论FPP为一组少见遗传性的骨髂肌离子通道病,根据家系遗传学特征、临床表现和相关辅助检查可确诊。     

膈神经与面神经吻合的解剖学研究

目的:探讨膈神经移位与面神经干吻合的解剖学基础。方法:解剖11具22侧成年尸体头颈部,观察并测量:①膈神经根与面神经总干腮腺区分叉处之间的距离;②膈神经干在颈部可利用长度;③面神经总干腮腺区分叉处游离至水平半规管下缘可利用长度,面神经总干腮腺区分叉处游离至水平半规管下缘较游离至茎乳孔处增加的面神经干可利用长度;④面神经总干腮腺区分叉处至水平半规管下方切断处膈神经干及面神经干神经移位后并列放置重合长度。结果:①膈神经根与面神经总干腮腺区分叉处之间的距离为(7.2±0.9)cm。②膈神经起点至锁骨下静脉上缘平面为(7.2±1.6)cm。③面神经总干腮腺区分叉处至水平半规管下方切断处的长度2.7~3.5 cm,较面神经干自茎乳孔下方切断增加1.0~1.5 cm。④神经移位后重合长度为0.4~1.8 cm。结论:在锁骨下静脉上缘平面切断20侧标本膈神经可与自乳突内切取的面神经干无张力吻合,两侧膈神经不能与自乳突内切取的面神经干无张力吻合。     

无锡市控制和消灭脊髓灰质炎现状

目的 通过对无锡市控制与消灭脊髓灰质炎（下称脊灰）的现状分析，提出要继续保持高水平的急性驰缓性麻痹（AFP）病例监测系统敏感性，特别要作好流动儿童常规免疫和强化免疫工作，及时发现、应对各种野病毒输入情况，才能巩固无脊灰成果。方法 根据对该市人群免疫水平、疫苗免疫原性监测及15岁以下儿童的（AFP）病例监测系统的敏感性评价等分析该市控制与消灭脊灰的现状。结果 控制与消灭脊灰的现状分析结果表明，人群有较好的免疫水平，AFP监测系统敏感；但是，免疫空白的外来儿童是控制和消灭脊灰的薄弱环节，应引起高度重视。结论 该市的控制和消灭脊灰的现状表明，从上世纪印年代使用脊灰疫苗（OPV），特别是实施儿童计划免疫以来，接种率和人群免疫状况维持和稳定在较高水平。上世纪90年代脊灰发病已得到有效控制，已连续15a无脊灰野毒病例报告。要继续保持高水平的AFP病例监测系统敏感性，特别要作好流动儿童常规免疫和强化免疫工作，及时发现和应对野病毒的输入，才能巩固无脊灰成果。     

河南省1999～2000年急性弛缓性麻痹病例肠道病毒感染流行病学分析

河南省 1999～ 2 0 0 0年从 10 87例急性弛缓性麻痹 (AFP)病例粪便标本中 ,共分离出 92株脊髓灰质炎 (脊灰 )病毒 (PV)和 70株非脊灰肠道病毒 (NPEV) ,分离率分别为 8 4 6 %和 6 4 4 %。Ⅱ型为PV的主要型别 ,共 4 5株 ,占4 8 91%。NPEV中埃可 (ECHO)病毒 6 5株 ,占 92 86 % ,病毒型别以ECHO11、7、12 为优势血清型。柯萨奇A组病毒(Cox A) 1株 ,柯萨奇B组病毒 (Cox B) 4株。检出PV多在冬春季 ,NPEV流行高峰期在 8～ 10月 ;感染均以小年龄儿童为主。多数肠道病毒 (EV)感染者伴有发热、腹泻或肌肉疼痛等症状。 38例发病 6 0d后仍残留麻痹 ,其中多数为PV感染 ,且未完成全程免疫。EV感染病例临床诊断以格林 巴利综合征和NPEV感染为主。在无脊灰证实以后 ,应该加强对PV和NPEV的监测和研究     

针刺治疗假性球麻痹

本文从头针和舌针治疗假性球麻痹阐述了针刺是治疗该病的重要方法之一。针刺疗法作为治疗本病的主要手段,以局部取穴为主,远端取穴为辅,将近治与远治相结合,是治疗本病的重要方法。     

Microsurgical anatomy of the abducens nerve

The aim of this study is to demonstrate and review the detailed microsurgical anatomy of the abducens nerve and surrounding structures along its entire course and to provide its topographic measurements. Ten cadaveric heads were examined using ×3 to ×40 magnification after the arteries and veins were injected with colored silicone. Both sides of each cadaveric head were dissected using different skull base approaches to demonstrate the entire course of the abducens nerve from the pontomedullary sulcus to the lateral rectus muscle. The anatomy of the petroclival area and the cavernous sinus through which the abducens nerve passes are complex due to the high density of critically important neural and vascular structures. The abducens nerve has angulations and fixation points along its course that put the nerve at risk in many clinical situations. From a surgical viewpoint, the petrous tubercle of the petrous apex is an intraoperative landmark to avoid damage to the abducens nerve. The abducens nerve is quite different from the other nerves. No other cranial nerve has a long intradural path with angulations and fixations such as the abducens nerve in petroclival venous confluence. A precise knowledge of the relationship between the abducens nerve and surrounding structures has allowed neurosurgeon to approach the clivus, petroclival area, cavernous sinus, and superior orbital fissure without surgical complications. Clin. Anat. 25:1030–1042, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.