The Etruscan skulls of the Rostock anatomical collection — How do they compare with the skeletal findings of the first thousand years B.C.?

Seven Etruscan skulls were found in Corneto Tarquinia in the years 1881 and 1882 and were given as present to Rostock's anatomical collection in 1882. The origin of the Etruscans who were contemporary with the Celts is not yet clear; according to Herodotus they had emigrated from Lydia in Asia Minor to Italy. To fit the Etruscan skulls into an ethnological grid they were compared with skeletal remains of the first thousand years B.C. E. All skulls were found to be male; their age ranged from 20 to 60 years, with an average age of about thirty. A comparison of the median sagittal outlines of the Etruscan skulls and the contemporary Hallstatt-Celtic skulls from North Bavaria showed that the former were shorter and lower. Maximum skull length, minimum frontal breadth, ear bregma height, bizygomatical breadth and orbital breadth of the Etruscan skulls were statistically significantly less developed compared to Hallstatt-Celtics from North Bavaria. In comparison to other contemporary skeletal remains the Etruscan skulls had no similarities in common with Hallstatt-Celtic skulls from North Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg but rather with Hallstatt-Celtic skulls from Hallstatt in Austria. Compared to chronologically adjacent skeletal remains the Etruscan skulls did not show similarities with Early Bronze Age skulls from Moravia but with Latène-Celtic skulls from Manching in South Bavaria. Due to the similarities of the Etruscan skulls with some Celtic skulls from South Bavaria and Austria, it seems more likely that the Etruscans were original inhabitants of Etruria than immigrants.     

《中国临床解剖学杂志》引文变迁分析

目的：为了解我国临床解剖学领域论文引文的一般规律和著者吸收利用科技文献的实际情况。方法：利用文献计量学方法和引文分析法，对《中国临床解剖学杂志》１９９２～１９９６年５年论文引文的平均值、引文的类型等进行了统计分析。结果：《中国临床解剖学杂志》的论文平均引文量为７．１条，中外文比例为１．２１，期刊占总引文量的８６．５％，引文自引率为１１．３％，被引文献峰值（８．６％）是在发表后的第３年，文献半衰期为７～８年。结论：期刊是本学科论文的主要引文源，并按照布拉德福的文献离散规律，找出该领域的１６种核心期刊。     

A method for the collection of individual mouse urine

Behavioral research often requires urine collection. An apparatus has been developed for the collection of urine from individual or small groups of mice and is recommended for general use where urine from unstressed mice is required.     

免疫-PCR法检测儿童尿中生长激素水平

目的 :建立超灵敏度的免疫 PCR法检测尿中生长激素的水平。方法 :在经戊二醛处理的PCR管中完成双抗夹心酶免疫反应 ,通过PCR扩增连接在抗原 抗体复合物上的DNA分子 ,琼脂糖电泳及扫描判断结果。结果 :处理后的PCR管完全能够进行免疫反应 ,其灵敏度可达 0 1pg ml左右。琼脂糖电泳及扫描结果表明 ,30例正常青春发育期前儿童与 1 0例经常规生长激素激发试验诊断为生长激素缺乏 (growthhormone deficient,GHD)的儿童 ,1 2h夜尿生长激素 (GH)水平有明显差异。结论 :此法的敏感度比酶标法高 1 0 3 ～ 1 0 4倍 ,适于儿童尿中微量GH水平的检测     

丹酰氯柱前衍生人尿液多胺高效液相色谱(HPLC)快速测定

建立了丹酰氯柱前衍生HPLC法测定人尿中多胺含量的方法。以己二胺为内标 ,uBondapak -C18(2 5 0× 4.6mm ,10um)为固定相 ,甲醇和水为流动相 ,梯度洗脱 ,柱温 5 0℃ ,流速 1ml/min ,荧光检测器测得腐胺 (PUT)、精脒 (SPD)和精胺(SP)三者回收率为PUT 97%、SPD 98%、SP 10 3% ,回归方程线性良好 ( 均大于 0 99) ,分析时间约 9min。该法简洁 ,快速 ,灵敏度高 ,重现性好 ,可有效分析人尿及其他生物样品中的多胺含量     

Kidney function in stainless steel welders

Summary Seventeen male manual metal-arc stainless steel welders (mean exposure time 20 years) had far higher levels of chromium in urine than individually matched controls (medians 23 vs 1.5 mol/mol creatinine;10.5 vs 0.7 g/g creatinine). However, there were no signs of kidney damage in tests of function of tubuli (-hexosaminidase, lysozyme, and ₂-microglobuline) or glomeruli (albumine clearance).     

The effects of CaEDTA injection on lead,zinc, copper and ALAD in erythrocyte,plasma and urine in lead-exposed workers: a 24-h observation

Summary To evaluate the effects of calcium disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate (CaEDTA) on the concentrations of lead, zinc and copper in plasma, erythrocyte and urine, and the delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity in erytrocyte, we administered CaEDTA in 1-h intravenous infusion to ten male gun metal founders with blood-lead concentration of 39 to 64 g/dl (mean 49 g/dl). We found that the plasma concentration of lead, following a rapid rise within the first 3 h, fell temporarily to the level significantly lower than the initial level 19 h after start of the infusion. The plasma concentration of zinc fell to the minimal level 5 h after the infusion; and the erythrocyte concentration of zinc and the ALAD activity concurrently rose to the maximal level 5 h after the infusion. By contrast, no significant alteration was observed in the concentrations of copper in plasma and erythrocyte. The maximal level of urinary metal excretion was attained during the period between 1 and 2 h after start of CaEDTA infusion for lead; within 2 h for zinc; and between 2 and 4 h for copper. The urinary metal excretion returned to the initial level 14 to 24 h after infusion for zinc and copper; but lead excretion was still higher than the initial level during this period. The difference in the kinetics of the three metals following CaEDTA injection is discussed in the light of these findings.     

新型冠状病毒Alpha变异株实验室检测研究

目的 对一例新冠肺炎境外输入病例进行实验室检测,并对新型冠状病毒（severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,SARS - CoV - 2）变异株进行鉴定,了解不同样本类型中新冠病毒的检出情况。方法 采集咽拭子、痰液、粪便、尿液和血液多种类型样本共13份,分别提取核酸,用荧光RT - PCR法检测SARS - CoV - 2。使用纳米孔MinION Mk1C测序仪,对阳性咽拭子样本进行实时SARS - CoV - 2靶向扩增全基因组测序,运用artic - ncov2019、DNAstar和Mega等软件对测定序列进行处理和分析。结果 咽拭子、痰液、粪便、血浆和尿沉渣样本中均检出SARS - CoV - 2核酸,咽拭子和血浆样本在发病的前四天均能检出,尿沉渣样本在发病当天能检出。基于纳米孔测序技术,7 h即获得SARS - CoV - 2全基因组数据,经分析显示为新冠病毒Alpha变异株。结论 本例境外输入新冠肺炎确诊病例的病原为SARS - CoV - 2 Alpha变异株,咽拭子、血浆样本和尿沉渣样本在发病早期均能检出SARS - CoV - 2核酸。     

血清和尿液中22种真菌毒素的高效液相色谱——四极杆轨道阱质谱筛查方法建立

目的 建立血液、尿液中22种常见真菌毒素的液液萃取-高效液相色谱四极杆轨道阱质谱测定方法。方法 基于高效液相色谱-四极杆轨道阱质谱技术,首先建立22种常见真菌毒素的色谱质谱数据库。然后取血清和尿液样品,用0.10 mol/L NaOH 溶液调节至碱性,加入乙酸乙酯涡旋混合萃取,萃取液用弱的氮气吹至近干,残渣加甲醇水溶液（50∶50,v/v）复溶,经过滤后进 LC - MS/MS 分析。在一定识别标准下与数据库比对进行定性筛查。结果 尿液和血液检出限（limit of detection,LOD）分别为2.61×10 - 3～50.0 ng/ml和2.07×10 - 3～50.0 ng/ml,定量限（limit of quantitation,LOQ）分别为8.70×10 - 3～1.67×102 ng/ml和 6.91×10 - 3～1.67×102 ng/ml。尿液测定日内相对标准偏差（relative standard derivations, RSDs）为2.34%～8.40%,日间RSDs为4.80%～10.9%;血液测定日内RSDs为2.10%～10.6%,日间RSDs为3.07%～11.6%。结论 建立的快速筛查方法操作简单,具有高通量、高灵敏度和高准确性的特点,符合生物样品中毒物分析鉴定的要求,同时可以更好地发现新型毒物和未知毒物。     

ABG动脉血气针与注射器在动脉血抽取中的效果分析

目的:探讨ABG动脉血气针与注射器在动脉血标本采集的临床效果。方法:搜集2019年2月~2019年6月本院62例患者同时行ABG动脉血气针抽取动脉血与一次性塑料注射器穿刺抽血方法进行比较,并依据抽血方式分为观察组与对照组,对比两组患者疼痛程度、患者满意度等指标。结果:观察组患者满意度91.9%(57/62)显著高于对照组患者80.6%(50/62),中度以上疼痛占比6.5%(4/62)显著低于对照组22.6%(14/62),差异有统计学意义,P<0.05。结论:ABG动脉血气针与注射器在动脉血标本采集过程中患者疼痛轻、采集标本满意,患者满意度高,更适用于动脉血采集。