高龄股骨粗隆间不稳定骨折人工股骨头置换的手术体会

【摘要】〓目的〓探讨高龄股骨粗隆间不稳定骨折人工股骨头置换的手术技巧,以缩短手术时间,提高手术质量。方法〓从手术时间、术后下床时间、术后疼痛、术后功能恢复及有无并发症方面,对64例进行人工股骨头置换的高龄股骨粗隆间不稳定的骨折手术进行回顾性分析、总结。结果〓手术平均时间75分钟,术中平均出血量为360 mL,术后平均下床时间6天,经过6个月~4年随访,按髋关节Harris评分系统(疼痛44分,功能47分,畸形4分,关节活动5分)评定,优良率为84.5%,术后未见有感染、松动、下沉的现象。结论〓人工股骨头置换是治疗高龄股骨粗隆间不稳定骨折有效的方法,熟练的掌握其手术技巧,可以早期恢复关节功能,提高患者生活质量。     

股骨近端锁定钢板与Gamma 3型髓内钉固定不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折的生物力学研究

目的比较股骨近端锁定钢板与Gamma 3型髓内钉在固定不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折中的生物力学特性,为临床选择内固定方式提供理论依据。方法选取5对防腐股骨标本,每对标本配对随机分为A组和B组,所有股骨标本制成31-A2.2型骨折模型,A组使用Gamma 3型髓内钉固定,B组使用股骨近端锁定钢板固定,在力学测试机上进行轴向压缩、扭转、破坏试验。结果在1 200 N载荷时,A组轴向刚度为(306.52±11.32)N/mm,B组为(258.38±14.63)N/mm,A组的轴向刚度较B组高18.6%,差异有统计学意义(t=17.74,P=0.03)。A、B组在扭转角为0.5°、1.0°、1.5°、2.0°、2.5°时的扭矩值差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。A组扭转刚度为(1.35±0.06)N·mm/deg,B组为(1.48±0.09)N·mm/deg,2组差异无统计学意义(t=-5.00,P=0.13)。A组最大屈服载荷为(3 101.33±174.83)N,B组最大屈服载荷为(2 396.68±142.07)N,A组最大屈服载荷值较B组高29.4%,差异有统计学意义(t=48.52,P0.001)。结论股骨近端锁定钢板在内固定治疗以31-A2.2型骨折为例的不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折时,其轴向负重力学性能不如Gamma 3型髓内钉,不宜作为首选内固定。     

非ST段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合征抗栓治疗的研究进展

该文综述近年来非ST段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合征抗栓治疗的研究进展。抗栓药物包括抗血小板药和抗凝药,其中抗血小板药有阿司匹林、磷酸腺苷（ ADP）受体拮抗剂和血小板膜糖蛋白（ GPⅡb／Ⅲa）受体拮抗剂等;抗凝药有普通肝素和低分子肝素、抗Xa因子抑制药和直接凝血酶抑制剂等。     

血脂康对不稳定型心绞痛伴肝酶升高患者的疗效与安全性

目的探讨血脂康对不稳定型心绞痛伴肝酶升高患者的疗效与安全性。方法纳入96例服用阿托伐他汀后引起肝酶升高3倍以上的不稳定型心绞痛患者。随机均分为3组,每组32例患者,A组停阿托伐他汀;B组阿托伐他汀减半;C组更换为血脂康。总疗程为4周,治疗前后测定总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、甘油三脂(TG)、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)。随访主要不良心血管事件(MACEs),包括心源性死亡、致死性心肌梗死(MI)、非致死性MI、猝死发生情况。结果与治疗前比较,治疗4周后三组患者ALT水平均显著下降,治疗前后比较有统计学差异(P0.05),A、C组患者ALT水平下降较B组患者更显著,与B组患者比较有统计学差异(P0.05),A、C组之间ALT水平比较,无统计学差异(P0.05)。B、C组患者治疗4周后TC、LDL-C、TG、hs-CRP水平均下降,治疗前后比较有统计学差异(P0.05);C组患者HDL-C水平较治疗前升高(P0.05),治疗前后比较有统计学差异(P0.05);A组患者TC、LDL-C、TG、hs-CRP水平下降不明显,治疗前后比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。与A组患者治疗后比较,C组患者TG、hs-CRP水平明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。A组、B组、C组MACEs事件发生率分别为12.5%、9.4%、3.1%,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论他汀引起肝酶显著升高的不稳定型心绞痛患者,换用血脂康安全有效。本研究入选患者病例数较少,有待更多的试验证实。     

Bleeding risk stratification in an era of aggressive management of acute coronary syndromes

Major bleeding is currently one of the most common non-cardiac complications observed in the treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Hemorrhagic complications occur with a frequency of 1% to 10% during treatment for ACS. In fact, bleeding events are the most common extrinsic complication associated with ACS therapy. The identification of clinical characteristics and particularities of the antithrombin therapy associated with an increased risk of hemorrhagic complications would make it possible to adopt prevention strategies, especially among those exposed to greater risk. The international societies of cardiology renewed emphasis on bleeding risk stratification in order to decide strategy and therapy for patients with ACS. With this review, we performed an update about the ACS bleeding risk scores most frequently used in daily clinical practice.     

复方丹参滴丸联合曲美他嗪治疗不稳定型心绞痛的临床疗效观察

目的评价复方丹参滴丸联合曲美他嗪治疗不稳定型心绞痛的临床疗效。方法将100例不稳定型心绞痛患者随机分为观察组和对照组各50例,对照组予硝酸甘油、低分子肝素钠、消心痛、拜阿司匹林等抗凝、抗血小板、降脂、扩血管治疗,观察组同时联合复方丹参滴丸0.25 g口服,曲美他嗪20 mg口服,3次/d,连用4周;比较两组患者治疗后的临床疗效及治疗前后SBP、DBP、HR及TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C的变化情况。结果观察组治疗的总有效率高于对照组,疗效明显优于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后两组患者SBP、DBP、HR、TC、TG、LDL-C水平较治疗前降低,HDL-C较治疗前升高,且观察组患者治疗后的SBP、DBP、HR、TC、LDL-C水平明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论复方丹参滴丸联合曲美他嗪治疗不稳定型心绞痛疗效确切,能明显改善患者的临床症状、降低血脂水平、降低血压、改善患者的心率,值得临床推广和应用。     

A Comparison of FES with KAFO for Providing Ambulation and Upright Mobility in a Child with a Complete Thoracic Spinal Cord Injury

Abstract

This study compared functional and physiologic measures of ambulation and upright mobility with functional electrical stimulation (FES) versus knee-ankle-foot-orthoses (KAFO) in an 11-year-old boy with a T-10 level spin.il cord injury. The child was a limited community ambulator with bilateral KAFO and loftstrand crutches. The FES system consisted of percutaneous intramuscular electrodes controlled by a portable stimulator and thumbswitch, an AFO for ankle and foot support, and loftstrand crutches. The subject used a swing-through gait pattern with both modes of mobility. The Functional Independence Measure scoring system and time to completion were used to compare performance in 6 standardized activities: donning, high transfer, inaccessible toilet transfer, ascend/descend stairs, and floor-to-standing transfer. Ten repeated measures were performed for each mode. Physiologic measures included energy expenditure, postural stability using forceplates, and a Functional Standing Test (FST). The subject performed all 6 mobility activities independently with FES and KAFO. In 4 of 6 activities, there was a trend toward faster times with FES, but this was not statistically significant. Toilet transfers and stair descent were performed significantly faster with KAFO. There was no difference in completion times on the activities of the FST. Measures of postural sway suggested that the subject was more stable with KAFO during quiet standing, while the modes were equal during a dynamic activity (raising arm for functional use). Energy expenditure results revealed no significant difference in oxygen cost per meter but a significantly higher oxygen consumption rate per minute for FES. Ambulation with both modes was performed at levels consistent with strenuous exercise. Maximum ambulation distances were relatively equal while the subject’s velocity was significantly faster with FES. Of note, the subject reported ceasing ambulation during maximum distance trials due to general fatigue when using FES and due to shoulder pain with KAFO ambulation. For this subject, FES provided a means of performing upright mobility tasks independently, comparable with that of KAFO, while providing a faster ambulation velocity and a potential means of cardiovascular training.     

股骨重建钉和解剖锁定钢板治疗不稳定性股骨粗隆间骨折合并同侧股骨干骨折的比较

目的:对比应用股骨重建钉(femoral reconstruction nail,FRN)和股骨近端解剖锁定钢板(proximal femoral anatomic locking plate,PFALP)治疗不稳定性股骨粗隆间骨折合并同侧股骨干骨折的疗效。方法:回顾性分析45例不稳定性股骨粗隆间骨折合并同侧股骨干骨折患者临床资料,比较两组患者平均手术时间,术中出血量,输血量,扶拐下地时间,骨折临床愈合时间,Harris评分及不良事件等的差异。结果:FRN组患者平均手术时间和扶拐下地时间均少于PFALP组[(62.4±19.3)min vs(79.1±22.7)min,P=0.02;(41.3±13.7)d vs(71.2±16.0)d,P<0.01],术中出血量明显多于PFALP组[(190.2±45.9)m L vs(161.0±39.3)m L,P=0.04];两组患者平均输血量和骨折愈合时间的差异无统计学意义[(122.2±96.4)m L vs(106.2±94.4)m L,P=0.38;(82.7±11.5)d vs(89.7±11.3)d,P=0.06]。术后3个月,FRN组患者平均Harris评分优于PFALP组[(81.10±7.25)分vs(75.26±8.17)分,P=0.02];术后6个月,两组Harris评分差异无统计学意义[(85.61±5.20)分vs(83.28±6.92)分,P=0.21]。FRN组和PFALP组患者分别发生不良事件2例和5例,组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.15)。结论:FRN和PFALP均是治疗不稳定性股骨粗隆间骨折合并同侧股骨干骨折的有效方式,FRN较PFALP手术时间和扶拐下地时间更短,但PFALP组术中出血量明显少于FRN组。     

半乳凝素-3在不稳定型心绞痛患者中的检测价值

目的：探讨在诊断不稳定型心绞痛（UA）中半乳凝素-3（galectin-3）的临床检测价值。方法分析2014年10月至2015年10月在我院接受治疗的48例UA患者和38例稳定型心绞痛（ SA）患者的临床资料,另外选取同期接受体检的38例健康体检者作为本次研究的对照组。比较3组患者的基线资料、galectin-3和超敏C反应蛋白（ hs-CRP）的表达水平,通过ROC曲线分析galectin-3对UA的诊断价值。结果3组患者在年龄、性别等基线资料比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）;UA组患者的galectin-3、hs-CRP水平明显高于SA组,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．01）;UA组和SA组患者的galectin-3、hs-CRP水平均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01）。用ROC曲线分析galectin-3对UA患者的诊断价值发现曲线下面积是0.902。结论 galectin-3和hs-CRP均可以间接体现斑块的稳定性,且galectin-3对UA的诊断更为准确。     

Effect of pharmacist care on medication adherence and cardiovascular outcomes among patients post-acute coronary syndrome: A systematic review

Background

The impact of collaborative and multidisciplinary health care on the outcomes of care in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) is well-established in the literature. However, there is lack of high quality evidence on the role of pharmacist care in this setting.