视网膜脱离巩膜环扎术后眼前节结构的初步观察

目的 观察巩膜环扎术后眼前节结构的变化,探讨术后继发性闭角型青光眼的发病机制。方法 应用超声生物显微镜检查３０例（３３只眼）孔源视网膜脱离患者术前、后３－７天的活体奶前节形态结构,并分别进行定量测定,检查结果经统计学分析两组间配对ｔｓｗｃｗ,以Ｐ〈０．０５作为差异有显著性标准。结果 术前１只眼存在裂隙样睫状体脱离。术后１１只眼（３３．３％）发生睫状体脱离,睫状体增厚水肿;术前睫状体厚度为（８２１．     

外伤性白内障术前B超检查的临床意义

目的 探讨外伤性白内障术前采用Ｂ超检查后囊破损情况的临床意义。方法 外伤性白内障３０只眼,术前采用Ｂ超检查评估后囊情况,显微镜下白内障摘除术中直接观察后囊情况并记录。结果 １４只眼术前Ｂ超检查后囊完整,手术证实１２只眼后囊完整,２只眼后囊小破坏。１６只眼术前Ｂ超检查后囊破损,手术证实１４只眼后囊存在大小不等的破损,２只眼后囊完整。结论 外伤性白内障术前Ｂ超检查为非侵入性、无痛性检查方法,操作简便,     

Withdrawal from oral cocaine in rats: ultrasonic vocalizations and tactile startle

While anxiety appears to characterize humans who administer high doses of cocaine or experience withdrawal from cocaine, it is difficult to capture this aspect of cocaine effects in animals. The present study investigated if acute or protracted withdrawal from prolonged low-dose cocaine that is self-administered via the oral route could be detected in tactile startle and vocal distress responses of rats. Adult, male Long-Evans rats had access to cocaine solution (0.1 mg/ml) either for 24 or 4 h/day using the two-bottle choice technique. The amount of solution consumed from each bottle was measured daily for 30 or 60 days. On days 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 of withdrawal, startle and ultrasonic vocal responses (USV, 15–35 kHz) were measured in response to 18 airpuff stimuli (20 psi). Rats drank an average of 5–20 mg/kg per day of the cocaine solution. On average, about half of the daily liquid was consumed from the cocaine solution-containing bottle. USVs were emitted at significantly increased rates on day 3 of withdrawal from 30 or 60 days of cocaine drinking. Startle reactions were slightly, but non-significantly increased on day 1 of withdrawal. Comparable to withdrawal from ethanol, morphine, and diazepam treatments, withdrawal from oral self-administration of low to moderate doses of cocaine increases the rate of ultrasonic vocalizations while increasing minimally the amplitude of startle responses to low-intensity tactile stimuli. Nevertheless, no correlation between the total amount of cocaine self-administered or the duration of treatment with the intensity of the withdrawal manifestations could be detected.     

Comparison of ultrasound transmission velocity with computed metacarpal radiogrammetry and dual-photon absorptiometry

The aim of our study was to evaluate the validity of a quantitative US technique for measuring the bone density of the proximal phalanges of the nondominant hand compared with computed metacarpal radiogrammetry and dual-photon absorptiometry (DPA) of the lumbar spine. Mean US bone velocity (UBV) correlated with mean metacarpal cortical index (MCI), with mean metacarpal bone density (MBD) and with bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine, whereas it was correlated negatively with age and menopause duration. The average UBV was significantly higher in premenopausal women than in postmenopausal women, and higher in normal lumbar DPA patients than in reduced lumbar DPA patients. We conclude that the US evaluation of the nondominant hand proximal phalanges may be a new alternative way for measuring bone mass in screening of osteoporosis. Correspondence to: A. Sili Scavalli     

Body sculpture: The words become reality

The last decade has been marked by the development of liposuction. A better knowledge of the anatomy of fat tissue, together with an improvement in different devices, has made our results more predictable. However, such areas as the chin, anterior and inner thigh, and knee have remained difficult. This is especially true when large volumes of fat need to be removed. Blood loss has remained a problem as well. The development of ultrasound (U.S.) liposuction is a big step toward even more predictable results and to where blood loss can be negligible.Lipectron B.U.S. Endotron is a device manufactured by and available from MEDICA MAT s.a., Avenue Augustin Dumont 59, F-92240 MALAKOFF.     

超声引导下成人与儿童肾活检术的评价

目的评价经超声引导成人与儿童肾活检术的方法和安全性。方法83例肾脏病患者超声引导下经皮穿刺活检,经右肾或左肾下极进针,方向自外下向内上,沿肾下极皮质取材。结果68例获取足够肾组织,总成功率及3针以内成功率分别为82%、53%,成人与儿童间无差异(P>0.05)。肾活检并发症儿童以疼痛为主,成人以血尿为主。结论超声引导下成人与儿童肾活检术是安全可靠的,其病理诊断对临床治疗具有明确的指导意义。     

超声治疗外阴白色病变30例临床分析

目的 :探讨超声治疗外阴白色病变的临床疗效。方法 :收治外阴白色病变 6 0例 ,随机分为 :超声治疗组 30例 ,微波治疗对照组 30例。观察其临床症状、体征和组织学变化。结果 :超声治疗组 30例患者的外阴瘙痒症状基本消失 ,患处上皮不同程度地恢复正常 ,显效率达 90 %。不同的病理类型间疗效的比较 ,差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :用超声治疗外阴白色病变效果明显     

Estimation of the amniotic fluid volume using the Cavalieri method on ultrasound images.

OBJECTIVES: Presently, a design-based and practical method for measuring amniotic fluid volume (AFV) for routine clinical examinations has not been proposed. In this study we describe a new method, which combines the Cavalieri method with ultrasound imaging to estimate AFV. METHODS: We measured the AFVs of 14 women in the third trimester of pregnancy, and repeated our measurements three times for each woman. Parallel planimetric ultrasonographic images were obtained at every 2 cm along the longitudinal uterine axis. AFVs were calculated as the total of the multiples of the estimated cut surface areas by the section thickness. RESULTS: The mean estimated AFV was 380.5 cm3. The coefficient of error of each measurement was calculated and the mean was 0.108. The coefficient of correlation between the amniotic fluid index and our AFV estimations was 0.87. CONCLUSIONS: Design-based and efficient estimation of AFV is possible with the combination of consecutive ultrasound images and the Cavalieri method.     

Influence of body composition on quantitative ultrasound parameters of the os calcis in a population-based sample of pre- and postmenopausal women

Body mass is known to be related to measures of bone mineral density (BMD) as well as to parameters of quantitative ultrasound (US). To examine the effect of the body compartment's fat mass and lean body mass on quantitative ultrasonic bone parameters, data from a sample of 3241 German women were analyzed. Anthropometric measures, including skinfold thickness, were obtained from standardized measurements, and fat and lean body mass were derived from classical regression formulas based on skinfold measurements. Ultrasonic bone measurements were performed on the right os calcis, and speed of sound (SOS) and broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) were determined. Women were grouped into pre- and postmenopausal status; postmenopausal women were further stratified into ever and never hormone-replacement user. Correlation analysis indicated lean body mass to be stronger correlated with BUA than fat mass in both pre- (r = 0.23; P= 0.0001) and postmenopausal women with (r = 0.19; P= 0.0001) and without hormone replacement therapy (HRT) (r = 0.26; p = 0.0001). SOS demonstrated very small or no associations with body mass or its components. Multiple linear regression models were used to describe the relationship among body weight, fat mass, and lean body mass on BUA after adjustment for confounding variables. Both in pre- and postmenopausal women lean body mass was more strongly related to BUA than fat mass. However, body mass measures explained only small amounts of the overall variance in BUA (R²= 1–3% in premenopausal women; R²= 1% postmenopausal with HRT; R²= 4–5% in postmenopausal women without HRT). In conclusion, the strong influence of body mass and its components previously reported for BMD was not observed for quantitative ultrasonic bone parameters. Received: 5 January 1999 / Accepted: 1 July 1999     

氯芬黄敏片中人工牛黄测定方法的改进

将氯芬黄敏片(感冒通片)人工牛黄测定过程中的加氯仿研磨改成加氯仿超声,改进前后测定结果对比表明此方法可行,为以后质量标准的修订提供了有益参考