100例高血压病患者短程心率变异性分析

目的:评价自主神经活动在高血压病中的调节作用。方法:观测100例高血压病(Ⅰ组)和54例正常人(Ⅱ组)及高血压病伴心电图改变(ⅠA组)和不伴心电图改变(ⅠB组)心率变异性(以下称HRV)时域参数SDNN、rMSSD、PNN50、Bottom4项指标。结果:Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组差异有显著性(P<0.05);ⅠA组与ⅠB组组差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:在高血压病中,交感神经张力增高,副交感神经活动减弱及损伤可能是HRV降低的重要因素。     

甲状腺切除术中喉返神经损伤的预防

目的：探讨降低喉返神经损伤的方法。方法：2005年9月-2007年1月共有375例甲状腺手术患者，对其喉返神经损伤进行分析。结果：375例病人中有5例喉返神经损伤，其中甲状腺腺瘤3例，桥本甲状腺炎1例，甲状腺癌1例，损伤后立即行喉镜检查示声带处于外展位。给予营养神经治疗，15 d-3个月后完全恢复，喉镜检查示声带正常。结论：喉返神经损伤可以预防，关键是术者应熟悉喉返神经的解剖结构和变异，熟悉其与周围组织及血管的关系，要有手术区域的组织结构特别是喉返神经走行的“立体影像”。     

Organization of the trigeminal and facial motor nuclei in the hagfish, Eptatretus burgeri: a retrograde HRP study

We studied the trigeminal and facial motor nuclei of the hagfish by the retrograde HRP method. We distinguished 4 components in a single column of the motor nuclei of the trigeminal nerve and the facial nerve, viz., the pars magnocellularis of the trigeminal motor nucleus (mVm), the anterior part of the pars parvocellularis of the trigeminal motor nucleus (mVp1), the posterior part of the pars parvocellularis of the trigeminal motor nucleus (mVp2) and the facial motor nucleus (mVII). Although in Nissl preparations only the mVm could be distinguished from the rest of the nucleus, the boundaries of the other 3 components were clearly demarcated in HRP preparations. Intramuscular injections into two representative antagonistic jaw muscles revealed that there was no apparent topological organization of the neurons pertaining to the opening and closing muscles in the mVm and mVp1, but both antagonistic muscles were innervated bilaterally. Although the hagfish does possess a cartilaginous jaw, the organization pattern of the motor nuclei of the jaw muscles seems to be the most primitive of all living vertebrates.     

Needle electromyography

Physiologic assessment of diseases of the motor unit from the anterior horn cells to the muscles relies on a combination of needle electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies (NCS). Both require a unique combination of knowledge of peripheral nervous system anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology, diseases, techniques, and electricity is necessary. Successful, high‐quality, reproducible EMG depends on the skills of a clinician in patient interaction during the physical insertion and movement of the needle while recording the electrical signals. These must be combined with the skill of analyzing electric signals recorded from muscle by auditory pattern recognition and semiquantitation. 10 , 52 This monograph reviews the techniques of needle EMG and waveform analysis and describes the types of EMG waveforms recorded during needle EMG. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Muscle Nerve 39: 244–270, 2009     

Biophysical foundations underlying TMS: Setting the stage for an effective use of neurostimulation in the cognitive neurosciences

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) induces electrical currents in the brain to stimulate neural tissue. This article reviews our present understanding of TMS methodology, focusing on its biophysical foundations. We concentrate on how the laws of electromagnetic induction apply to TMS; addressing issues such as the location, area (i.e., focality), depth, and mechanism of TMS. We also present a review of the present limitations and future potential of the technique.     

猫颈部食管的交感神经支配—HRP法

用5只猫于左侧颈部食管壁内注入 HRP 溶液,通过 HRP 逆行追踪法研究颈部食管的交感神经支配,结果表明:1.长轴突型交感节前神经元直接分布到食管壁内,其标记细胞位于双侧脊髓的胸1～3节段,以胸2节段最多(占标记细胞总数的66.45％),注射侧占优势。标记细胞主要位于中间带外侧核(约占95.02%),其次为侧索、中介核、前角腹后外侧核。其细胞形态不一,以中小型细胞为主(占标记细胞总数的90.4％)。2.支配颈部食管的交感节后神经元主要位于星状神经节(约占61.99％),余者位于双侧颈前、中和2～5胸交感节内、以小细胞最多。     

Cutaneous afferent activity in the median nerve during grasping in the primate

Neural activity was recorded from the median nerve of a monkey during grasping and lifting, using a chronically implanted cuff electrode. At the onset of lifting, there was an initial dynamic response during which the intensity of the neural signal increased rapidly. This neural response attained its peak value well before the displacement, the load force or the grip force. The time course and peak of the rectified, integrated neurogram were best correlated with the rate of change of grip force. The neural activity declined exponentially to a steady value following the initial peak. During steady holding the mean amplitude of the neurogram was best correlated with the mean grip force. At the end of the holding phase there was a short burst of neural activity as the monkey relaxed the grip force and released the object. During some blocks of trials pulse perturbations were applied to the object. When the monkey did not increase the grip force in advance of the perturbation, the perturbation produced a relatively large displacement of the object and a burst of neural activity whose onset coincided with the onset of displacement. When the monkey anticipated the perturbation by increasing the grip force during the holding period preceding the perturbation, the perturbation produced a relatively small displacement and relatively little increase in neural activity.