改良大骨瓣联合软通道微创介入逐渐减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤的疗效分析

目的：探讨改良大骨瓣联合软通道微创介入逐渐减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤的疗效。方法方便选择自2009年12月—2014年11月该院收治的重型颅脑损伤病例70例,随机分为改良组和对照组2组,每组35例,改良组施行改良大骨瓣联合软通道微创介入逐渐减压术,对照组按标准大骨瓣开颅、硬脑膜一次性全切开,对比分析两组的并发症发生率及预后。结果改良组发生迟发性颅内血肿、大面积脑梗塞及弥漫性脑肿胀等并发症9例(25.7％,9/35),预后良好者23例(65.7％,23/35),对照组发生并发症19例(54.3％,19/35),预后良好者14例(40.0％,14/35),两组并发症发生率和预后差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论改良大骨瓣联合软通道微创介入逐渐减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤,效果良好,显著降低死亡率。     

抑郁症大鼠模型海马区及前额叶组织BDNF因子、Trkb蛋白表达的实验研究

目的:观察抑郁症大鼠模型脑组织不同部位神经营养因子水平的变化及抗抑郁药物使用后改变。方法:将成年SD大鼠30只分为正常对照组、模型对照组、药物干预组,每组10只,雌雄对半;正常组正常养殖,模型组采用慢性不可预知应激结合孤养方式制备抑郁模型大鼠4周。药物干预组采用模型组造模过程4周后给予药物(氟西汀)给入,自实验开始之后每周观察大鼠体重、糖水消耗、旷场实验指标的变化,最后采用荧光定量PCR法观察大鼠脑部BDNF因子及Trkb的表达。结果:与正常对照组大鼠相比,模型组大鼠体重增加缓慢、糖水消耗减少、旷场试验各项指标较正常组间差异具有统计学意义;荧光定量PCR结果显示:模型组较对照组各脑区BDNF及Trkb受体表达减少,药物干预组脑区BDNF及Trkb受体表达显著高于模型对照组。结论:脑部BDNF因子及Trkb的表达在抑郁症发生与治疗中有所改变。     

竹叶石膏汤合清气化痰丸加减治疗急性加重期慢性阻塞性肺疾病分析

目的:分析竹叶石膏汤合清气化痰丸加减治疗急性加重期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease,AECOPD)疗效。方法:以2017年1月-2019年1月收治的AECOPD患者80例,随机分为两组,各40例。对照组采用常规西药治疗,观察组在对照组基础上采用竹叶石膏汤合清气化痰丸加减治疗。比较两组治疗前后肺功能指标[第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比(Forced Expiratory Volume,FEV1%)、第一秒用力呼气肺容积(Forced Expiratory Volume,FEV1)]、改良版英国医学研究委员会呼吸问卷(mMRC)、慢阻肺患者自我评估测试问卷(CAT)等评分变化以及疗效。结果:在FEV1%、FEV1等肺功能指标上,两组治疗前对比无统计学差异(P>0.05);而观察组治疗后均高于对照组,二者差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。在mMRC、CAT等评分上,两组治疗前差异对比无统计学意义(P>0.05);而观察组治疗后均低于对照组,二者差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。在治疗有效率上,对照组总体为82.5%(33/40),观察组总体为95.0%(38/40),二者差异对比存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:竹叶石膏汤合清气化痰丸加减治疗AECOPD的疗效确切,即可有效改善患者肺功能和临床症状,且利于其预后康复,因此值得应用推广。     

癌性肠梗阻内科治疗的“6字方针”

癌性肠梗阻（MBO）是指原发性或转移性恶性肿瘤本身及其抗肿瘤治疗引起的肠梗阻，是晚期肿瘤患者的常见并发症，总体发生率3%~15%。目前，MBO的治疗仍缺乏统一、有效的治疗规范，大多数医院都采用对症处理的。本文在总结数百例治疗经验基础上，提炼出“减（压）、加（营养）、抑（制消化液分泌）、激（素）、利（尿）、动（运动及促进肠蠕动）”六字方针，简单、实用、有效，通过临床观察，该方案能改善患者症状，恢复经口进食率，提高生活质量和手术治疗的机会，缩短住院时间及降低治疗费用，尽管尚缺乏前瞻性的随机对照研究结果，仍值得推广。     

老年人桡骨远端C型骨折的手术治疗与非手术治疗的疗效对比

目的：探讨老年人桡骨远端C型骨折的手术治疗与非手术治疗的疗效差异，评价两种方法的优缺点。方法回顾性分析2009-12—2011-12收治的老年桡骨远端C型骨折68例，按照治疗方法分为A组(手术组)及B组(非手术组)，统计分析两组患者的临床资料。结果 A组33例， B组35例，平均随访21.5个月。两组患者的年龄、骨折类型均无差异(P＞0.05)；术后影像学指标A组优于B组，骨折愈合时间B组优于A组，治疗成本A组大于B组(P＜0.05)；Cooney评分早期A组优于B组，1年后两组无差异，两组的并发症无差异(P＞0.05)。结论老年人桡骨远端C型骨折手术治疗较非手术治疗可获得更好的复位及早期功能，但远期功能恢复无差异。     

子宫腺肌症对患者的心理影响及心理护理效果观察

目的 分析子宫腺肌症可能对患者造成的心理影响,探讨子宫腺肌症患者的心理护理方法,观察护理效果。方法 将62例子宫腺肌症患者随机分配为常规护理干预组和心理护理干预组,每组31例。对常规护理干预组患者,实施常规护理干预措施。对心理护理干预组患者,在常规护理干预措施的基础上,进一步对其实施针对性的心理护理干预措施。结果 心理护理干预组患者的焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分,以及睡眠质量自评量表(SRSS)各维度评分,都明显低于常规护理干预组,差异具有统计学意义。心理护理干预组患者的生活质量综合评定量表(GQOLI-74)各维度评分,要显著的高于常规护理干预组,差异同样具有统计学意义。结论 应重视并切实做好对子宫腺肌症患者的心理护理工作,这能够有效缓解患者的焦虑、抑郁情绪,提高患者的心理健康水平,改善患者的水平及生活质量。     

Anatomic vs. reverse shoulder arthroplasty for glenohumeral osteoarthritis with intact rotator cuff: a retrospective comparison of patient-reported outcomes using the systems outcomes database with up to 5-year follow-up

BackgroundThe growing enthusiasm for the use of reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) in the treatment of primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis (GHOA) with an intact rotator cuff is based on data derived from single-center studies with limited generalizability and follow-up. This study compared patient-reported outcomes (PROs) between RSA and total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) for the treatment of primary GHOA with up to 5-year follow-up and examined temporal trends in the treatment of GHOA between 2012 and 2021.MethodsA retrospective review was performed on patients with primary GHOA undergoing primary arthroplasty surgery from the Surgical Outcomes System global registry between 2012 and 2021. PROs including the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) score, and visual analog scale (VAS) for pain were compared between RSA and TSA at 1, 2, and 5 years postoperatively.ResultsA total of 4451 patients were included, with 2693 (60.5%) undergoing TSA and 1758 (39.5%) undergoing RSA. Both RSA and TSA provided clinically excellent outcomes at 1 year postoperatively (ASES: 80.8 ± 17.9 vs. 85.9 ± 15.2, respectively; SANE: 74.8 ± 24.7 vs. 79.5 ± 22.9; VAS pain: 1.3 ± 2.0 vs. 1.1 ± 1.7; all P < .05) that were maintained at 2 years (ASES: 81.3 ± 19.3 vs. 87.3 ± 14.9; SANE: 74.8 ± 26.2 vs. 79.7 ± 24.7; VAS pain: 1.3 ± 2.1 vs. 1.0 ± 1.6; all P < .05) and 5 years (ASES: 81.7 ± 16.5 vs. 86.9 ± 15.3; SANE: 71.6 ± 28.5 vs. 78.2 ± 25.9; VAS pain: 1.0 ± 1.7 vs. 1.0 ± 1.7; all P < .05), with statistical significance favoring TSA. After controlling for age and sex, there was an adjusted difference of 4.5 units in the ASES score favoring TSA (P = .005) at 5 years postoperatively but no differences in adjusted SANE (P = .745) and VAS pain (P = .332) scores. The use of RSA for GHOA grew considerably over time, from representing only 17% of all replacements performed for GHOA in 2012 to nearly half (47%) in 2021 (P < .001).ConclusionRSA as a treatment for GHOA with an intact rotator cuff seems to yield PROs that are largely clinically equivalent to TSA extending to 5 years postoperatively. The observed statistical significance favoring TSA appears to be of marginal clinical benefit based on established minimal clinically important differences and may be a result of the large sample size. Further research using more granular clinical data and examining differences in range of motion and complications is warranted as it may change the value analysis.     

Breakfast in Latin America: Evaluation of Nutrient and Food Group Intake Toward a Nutrient-Based Recommendation

BackgroundLittle is known about breakfast habits of the Latin American (LA) population to support nutritional recommendations for a balanced breakfast in this region.ObjectiveTo evaluate the nutritional composition of breakfast in the LA population and to propose recommendations for a balanced breakfast.DesignThis multicenter cross-sectional study evaluated food and nutrient intake of nationally representative samples of urban populations of 8 LA countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela) in 2014-2015.Participants/settingThe sample comprised 8714 participants from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health, aged 15 to 65 years, randomly recruited according to geographical location, sex, age, and socioeconomic level.Main outcome measuresTwo 24-hour recalls were used to examine dietary intake. Breakfast consumers were stratified by tertiles of Nutrient-Rich Foods Index 9.3 (NRF9.3) to assess the overall diet quality of individuals. Nutrient intake at breakfast of those in the upper tertile of NRF9.3 pooled for the 8 countries was used as a reference for the development of recommendations for LA adolescents and adults.Statistical analysesComparison of food and nutrient intake of breakfast across NRF9.3 tertiles were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test.ResultsOverall breakfast was an important contributor to protein, carbohydrate, and B vitamin intakes but also to added sugar and total and saturated fat intakes relative to daily intakes. Individuals in the upper NRF9.3 tertile had higher intake of key micronutrients such as calcium and potassium at breakfast compared with other tertiles. White breads/rolls/tortillas were the most consumed food group (60%), followed by butter/margarine (40%) and coffee/tea without milk (34%-50%).ConclusionsBreakfast contributed to the daily intake of B vitamins, protein, and carbohydrates but also added sugar and total and saturated fat intakes for all countries. The proposed recommendations support the nutrient density of existing highest-quality breakfast in the LA population while addressing concerns about nutrients to be encouraged or reduced.