Early administration of Bifidobacterium breve to preterm infants: randomised controlled trial

AIM—To investigate the colonisation with Bifidobacterium breve of the bowels of very low birthweight (VLBW) infants.METHODS—The adverse effects of B breve were examined in 66 VLBW infants (preliminary study). A prospective randomised clinical study of 91 VLBW infants was also completed and these infants were followed up for three years. Precise viable bacterial counts of serial stool specimens were examined for the first eight weeks after birth in 10 infants. The colonisation rates of administered bacteria were examined using immunohistochemical staining of stool specimens with a B breve specific monoclonal antibody.RESULTS—In the preliminary study there were no side effects attributable to the bacteria. Immunohistochemical staining of stool specimens showed that the colonisation rates of the administered bacteria were 73% at 2 weeks of age, but only 12% in the control group. Early administration of B breve significantly decreased aspirated air volume from the stomach and improved weight gain.CONCLUSIONS—B breve can colonise the immature bowel very effectively and is associated with fewer abnormal abdominal signs and better weight gain in VLBW infants, probably as a result of stabilisation of their intestinal flora and accelerated feeding schedules.     

保肾乙丸对延缓腹膜透析患者残余肾功能的临床观察

本研究对行腹膜透析患者予口服中药保肾乙丸治疗,以观察其对残余肾功能的影响。将54例尿毒症行腹膜透析的患者随机分为两组,透析3个月后,对照组患者尿量(UV)、残余肾功能(RRF)、尿素KT/V、肌酐清除率(Ccr)均较治疗组有明显降低(P<0.01),而治疗组血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Cr)明显比对照组降低(P<0.01)。     

国内外结核菌聚合酶链反应试剂盒的临床检测结果比较

目的用相同标本比较国内外结核菌聚合酶链反应诊断试剂盒的临床检测效果,并初步探讨结核菌聚合酶链反应荧光诊断试剂盒在临床应用中定量检测结核菌数量的可行性。方法用聚合酶链反应技术,荧光探针杂交技术、酶联免疫反应技术以及常规细菌学方法检测并经双盲编号的84份临床痰标本和8份含痰结核菌标准品。结果在59例结核病患者痰标本中,国产PCR-酶联免疫检测试剂盒与PCR荧光试剂盒分别检出26例阳性和24例阳性,国外试剂盒检出24例阳性;在25例非结核病患者痰标本中,国产PCR-酶联免疫检测试剂盒与PCR荧光试剂盒分别检出21例真阴性和24例真阴性,国外试剂盒检出23例真阴性;细菌学各级别检查结果与PCR荧光检测CT值不呈递减关系。结论国内外结核菌聚合酶链反应诊断试剂盒对临床标本的检测结果无显著性差异;结核菌聚合酶链反应荧光诊断试剂盒尚不能定量检测痰标本中的结核菌数量,有待更多的临床数据加以证实。     

军字一号系统新药品初试化测试方法研究

在军字一号新药系统数据结构后台和Powerlluilder6．5环境下，用SQL语句进行严密测试药品信息的完整性和一致性的步骤和方法：     

复方解热凝胶溶出度方法研究

目的：建立复方解热凝胶的溶出度标准。方法：采用《中华人民国和国药典》(2000年版)二部附录X溶出度测定第二法，以0.062 mol·L 1盐酸为溶剂，测定复方解热凝胶溶出度。结果：复方解热凝胶溶出度均一性好，累积溶出百分率在30 min内达89.8%；经后差检验，C＝0.000 98，P＝1。结论：该剂型溶出度标准30 min内确定为标示量的85.0%。     

一起副溶血弧菌食物中毒实验报告

目的探讨一起食物中毒的致病原因,为疾病防治提供依据。方法采集剩余食物、病人粪便等样品,进行细菌培养,采用Sensititre半自动微生物分析仪和鉴定板进行菌株鉴定和药敏分析。结果从15份样品中分离到氧化酶阳性菌株,鉴定结果证明所分离的菌株为副溶血弧菌。结论本次食物中毒是由于海产品中的副溶血弧菌污染食物引起的。     

临床标本中非发酵菌的分布及耐药性分析

目的了解临床标本中非发酵菌的分布及耐药状况,为合理使用抗菌药物提供依据。方法各种标本经分离培养,用ATB Expression细菌鉴定仪鉴定,用ATB PSE药敏试条进行药敏试验,并作统计分析。结果7 395份标本分离出非发酵1 106株,分离率为14.9%,以铜绿假单胞菌的分离率最高(45.7%),各种临床标本中以痰液标本的检出率最高;除嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌和脑膜脓毒金黄杆菌外,对亚胺培南的耐药率最低,其次为头孢哌酮/舒巴坦。结论非发酵菌在各种临床标本中分布不同,种类较多,各种细菌之间耐药性差异较大,临床应及时采集标本,作病原学检测及药敏试验,并根据药敏试验结果选择抗菌药物,以减少细菌耐药产生,控制医院感染。     

Chronic oral treatment with 13-cis-retinoic acid (isotretinoin) or all-trans-retinoic acid does not alter depression-like behaviors in rats.

Oral treatment with the anti-acne drug Accutane (isotretinoin, 13-cis-retinoic acid) has been associated with suicide ideation and depression. Here, depression-like behaviors (i.e., behavioral despair and anhedonia) were quantified in adult Sprague-Dawley rats gavaged daily beginning at postnatal day (PND) 82 with 13-cis-RA (7.5 or 22.5 mg/kg) or all-trans-retinoic acid (10 or 15 mg/kg ). Tested at PND 130-131 in the Forced Swim Test, 7.5 mg/kg 13-cis-RA marginally decreased immobility and slightly increased climb/struggle durations whereas neither all-trans-retinoic acid group differed from controls. Voluntary saccharin solution (0.03%) intake at PND 102-104 and PND 151-153 was not different from controls in any treated group, although all RA-treated groups had lower intakes. Swim speed in a water maze at PND 180 was similar across groups, indicating no RA-induced differences in physical ability. Open field activity was mildly decreased at PND 91 in 7.5 mg/kg-treated males only, but it was within the control range at PND 119, 147, and 175. Thus, at serum levels similar to those in humans receiving the drug, chronic 13-cis-RA treatment did not severely affect depression-like behaviors in rats. These data do not substantiate the hypothesis of 13-cis-RA-induced depression.     

Evaluation of the ICT Malaria Pf test for rapid post-mortem diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in corpses examined for forensic reasons

To test the diagnostic value of a rapid and simple immunochromatographic test (ICT) based on the detection of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2) for post-mortem examination, blood samples from 30 consecutive corpses were analysed by ICT and Giemsa-stained blood films. Compared to microscopy, ICT had 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity even after a considerable time had passed between the presumed time of death and testing or after prolonged storage of whole blood samples. The ICT yielded positive results for four travellers who had returned from Kenya and died from Pl. falciparum malaria. The ICT might therefore serve as an additional tool for rapid malaria diagnosis, especially in non-endemic countries where experience with microscopic malaria detection is limited. Received: 5 August 1999 / Received in revised form: 7 October 1999     

注射用对氨基水杨酸钠细菌内毒素检验探讨

用<中国药典>2000年版附录细菌内毒素检验法对PAS进行细菌内毒素检测并建立实验方法.实验结果表明用TAL试剂对PAS最大无干扰浓度为5mg/ml,无干扰作用,提示用细菌内毒素检查法检查PAS中的内毒素是可行的.