白矾对小鼠肠道菌群的影响

目的:观察白矾对正常机体肠道微生态平衡的影响。方法:用白矾0.25,1g/kg两个剂量喂饲小鼠0.5,2和3个月,分别对小鼠进行肠道菌群分析。结果:动物口服白矾后,其肠道菌群发生紊乱,表现在肠道中与机体生理活动关系密切的生理性细菌双歧杆菌和乳杆菌菌量明显下降,致病菌大肠杆菌数量显著上升,而且服用白矾时间越长,对肠道微生态平衡影响越大。结论:白矾能引起小鼠肠道菌群失调。     

Fatty acid balance studies in term infants fed formula milk containing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids

Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCP) are thought to be required for optimal nervous system development in the newborn. A commercial milk formula containing LCP (Aptamil-LCP) with a fatty acid profile closely resembling breast milk, has recently been introduced for term infants. The absorption of fatty acids in term infants was examined in a double-blind randomized controlled trial comparing Aptamil-LCP ( n = 20) and standard Aptamil ( n = 20). Formula-fed newborn infants were studied from birth for 14 d. Fat balances (3 d) were performed from d 10. A 3-d stool collection was performed from d 10 in a parallel breastfed group ( n = 21). Plasma samples were taken on d 6. Median fat excretion (mg kg⁻¹) was 897.1, 615.0 and 355.2 with Aptamil, Aptamil-LCP and breastfeeding, respectively. The median total fat absorption coefficient in Aptamil-LCP-fed infants was higher than in those fed standard Aptamil ( p < 0:01). These findings were accounted for by differences in the excretion and absorption of long-chain saturated fatty acids (C14:0, C16:0 and C18:0). Higher fat excretion was associated with bulkier and firmer stools. Only trace amounts of LCP were detected in the stools of all groups. This accounted for less than 4% of dietary intake in Aptamil-LCP-fed infants. No differences in the utilization of LCP from Aptamil-LCP and breast milk feeding were apparent. Plasma phospholipid fatty acid composition data reflected differences in dietary LCP intake. Thus, PL LCP levels were highest in the breastfed infants and lowest in the Aptamil-fed infants, with values for the Aptamil-LCP-fed group falling in between.     

大前庭水管综合征临床特征分析(附10例报告)

目的分析大前庭水管综合征(1arge vestibular aquduct syndrome,LVAS)临床特征.方法分析10例(20耳)临床资料,主要分析其诱因、临床表现、听力学检查、CT及MRI资料.结果10例均双侧发病.病前有感冒史1例、头部外伤史1例;重度感音神经性聋9例,有眩晕发作2例;突发性加重聋4例、经治疗后听力恢复到发病前状况2例;1例患者(发病时有眩晕发作,平衡功能检查在治疗后第11天进行)行平衡功能检查,结果为重心动摇图睁眼、闭眼呈中间型,双侧视动反应正常,双侧冰水试验无反应;所有患者DPOAE均未引出;所有患者HRCT显示大前庭水管3.0-6.5mm(4.3±1.1mm);行颞骨MRI检查1例,T2相前庭水管及内淋巴囊扩大.结论目前LVAS诊断依赖颞骨CT或MRI,保守治疗疗效不明确,早期诊断早期预防是关键.     

人体静态眼球反旋转反应的初步观察

目的观察人体于不同的头位倾斜条件下诱发的OCR反应特征,为建立其检测方法和实际应用提供依据.方法受试对象为地面人员22名和飞行人员11名,端坐于装有特制头托的座椅上,通过头位在冠状面内分别处于左右各倾斜30°、50°、70°的位置诱发静态OCR反应.采用红外视频眼动记录方法分别随机测定从头直位到左右各30°、50°、70°的眼动视频信号.最后以动头前即刻的眼球位置为零位,以眼球虹膜纹理为标志,对各时刻虹膜纹理与初始状态虹膜纹理进行互相关分析,找出相关度最大的一点为各时刻眼球位置,测量该时刻眼球与初始眼球位置的角度即为眼球扭转角度.结果头位倾斜引起的典型OCR反应曲线特征是,头位倾斜动作开始,首先引起一个幅度较大的与头动方向相反的眼球反方向旋转,随之,眼球反转角度逐渐减小,在头位倾斜到固定角度后,眼球反转角度在一定范围内波动或不变,未发现头位向同一方向倾斜不同角度引起的OCR有显著差异.飞行员与正常地面人群OCR反应未见显著差别.结论静态头位倾斜可以诱发出OCR反应,可用来评价耳石器功能.     

液体平衡状态与儿童脓毒性休克预后的关系

目的研究液体平衡状态与儿童脓毒性休克预后的关系,以便指导治疗并帮助判断预后。方法44例脓毒性休克患儿,开始抗休克治疗时进行小儿危重症评分,监测每日液体平衡状态,比较不同液体平衡状态与患儿预后的关系。结果开始抗休克治疗的5 d内发生液体负平衡组27例,25例存活;液体正平衡组17例,9例存活,液体负平衡组存活率明显高于正平衡组(P<0.01)。存活患儿有5例液体负平衡出现在治疗第1天,12例出现在第2天,5例出现在第3天,1例出现在第4天,2例出现在第5天,存活患儿液体负平衡多数发生在抗休克治疗的前3 d。结论脓毒性休克患儿抗休克治疗的前5 d内发生液体负平衡提示预后良好。     

汪昂医学学术思想研究

通过对汪昂<素问灵枢类纂约注>、<本草备要>、<医方集解>及<勿药玄诠>等医学著作的全面研究,从四个方面系统地论述了汪昂的医学学术思想,即主张要全面掌握医学的理法方药,不可有所偏重;强调人体的平衡协调,治病重在补偏救弊;重视探讨病因病机,做到治病求本;提倡未病先防,注意强身健体.汪昂的医学学术思想与主张,对后世医家产生了重要影响.     

平衡针灸治疗腰椎间盘突出症临床观察

运用平衡针法,针刺臀痛穴、腰痛穴等平衡穴位,配合电针夹脊穴治疗腰椎间盘突出症,取得理想治疗效果。     

Activity of the International Society of Audiology (Table II)

The revised ASHA (American Speech Language Hearing Association, 1990) hearing screening guidelines were developed to decrease over-referrals for middle ear disorders through amended tympanometric measurements. These guidelines also recommended a large-scale normative study be done with tympanometric measures to further reduce the over-referral rate. Seven hundred and fifty ears from 392 kindergarten through third-grade children were tested. Normative values of Peak Y_tmand tympanometric width were calculated by grade. For increasing grade level, there was an orderly increase in the mean Peak Y_tmand a decrease in the mean tympanometric width. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated at 65 and 80% respectively, with a prevalence of 11%. Suggestions for improving sensitivity and specificity are discussed.     

Modelling stabilograms with hidden Markov models

Hidden Markov models are an effective computational method for modelling and interpreting digital signals of biological, as well as other, origin. In the current investigation, we explored whether hidden Markov models can be used to control and represent phenomena in human balance signals recorded from subjects standing on a force platform. Additionally, our aim was to classify healthy controls and patients who suffered from Menière's disease into their own classes. Hidden Markov models were capable of these tasks and of overcoming such disturbances as noise and other unforeseen perturbations in balance signals, which are inherently complex and possibly difficult to visually specify.     

Operative treatment for spinal deformities in cerebral palsy

The higher the functional impairment, the more likely patients with cerebral palsy (cP) are to develop a scoliotic deformity. This is usually long-sweeping, C-shaped, and progressive in nature, since the causes of the deformity, such as muscular weakness, imbalance, and osteoporosis, persist through adulthood. In contrast to idiopathic scoliosis, not only is the spine deformed, the patient is also sick. This multimorbidity warrants a multidisciplinary approach with close involvement of the caregivers from the beginning. Brace treatment is usually ineffective or intolerable in light of the mostly stiff and severe deformities and the poor nutritional status. The pros and cons of surgical correction need to weighed up when pelvic obliquity, subsequent loss of sitting balance, pressure sores, and pain due to impingement of the rib cage on the ileum become issues. General risks of, for example, pulmonary or urogenital infections, pulmonary failure, the need for a tracheostoma, permanent home ventilation, and death add to the particular surgery-related hazards, such as excessive bleeding, surgical site infections, pseudarthrosis, implant failure, and dural tears with leakage of cerebrospinal fluid. The overall complication rate averages around 25 %. From an orthopedic perspective, stiffness, marked deformities including sagittal profile disturbances and pelvic obliquity, as well as osteoporosis are the main challenges. In nonambulatory patients, long fusions from T2/T3 with forces distributed over all segments, low-profile anchors in areas of poor soft tissue coverage (sublaminar bands, wires), and strong lumbosacropelvic modern screw fixation in combination with meticulous fusion techniques (facetectomies, laminar decortication, use of local autologous bone) and hemostasis can be employed to keep the rate of surgical and implant-related complications at an acceptably low level. Excessive posterior release techniques, osteotomies, or even vertebrectomies in cases of very severe short-angled deformity mostly prevent anterior one- or two-stage releases. Despite improved operative techniques and implants with predictable and satisfactory deformity corrections, the comorbidities and quality-of-life related issues demand a thorough preoperative, multidisciplinary decision-making process that takes ethical and economic aspects into consideration.