脑出血后IGF-1在脑组织中的表达及其对细胞凋亡的影响

目的研究胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）在实验性大鼠脑出血后脑组织中的表达厦其对细胞凋亡的影响。方法应用立体定向技术，将自体未抗凝血注入大鼠基底节区以制备脑出血模型；将动物分为正常对照组、实验组厦干预组，分别在不同时间断头取脑以制作标本，连续切片分别作IGF-1阳性细胞免疫组化染色及TUNEL染色。结果脑出血后2h血肿周围脑组织表达IGF-1，24h达表达高峰，7d时恢复正常；TUNEL染色阳性细胞于脑出血后8h开始出现，3d时达高峰，7d时仍有表达；给予外源性IGF-1后，凋亡细胞显著减少，与同时点实验组相比，差别有显著性。结论脑出血后IGF-1可抑制细胞凋亡的发生，从而减轻脑出血后继发性脑损伤。     

早产患者血清粒细胞集落刺激因子的检测及其意义

目的探讨粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)与自发性早产的关系及其对预测早产的可能意义。方法采用ELISA-双抗体夹心法分别对28-34周、34-37周不同孕龄组早产妇女及正常妊娠妇女的血清G-CSF进行检测。结果孕28-34周早产妇女血清G-CSF水平较正常对照组妇女升高(P<0.05)。结论高水平的血清G-CSF与妊娠<34周发生的早产有关,检测妊娠妇女血清G-CSF水平对预测妊娠34周之前发生的早产有重要意义。     

92例重型肝炎并发自发性细菌性腹膜炎的诊断与治疗

目的探讨重型肝炎并发自发性细菌性腹膜炎(SBP)的诊断和抗生素使用。方法回顾性分析2002年7月~2005年6月间收治的92例并发SBP的重型肝炎患者的临床资料。结果92例患者中,发热72例(78.26%),腹胀85例(92.39%),腹痛38例(41.30%),反跳痛35例(38.04%),83例(90.21%)外周血中性粒细胞(PMN)分类≥0.75,40例(45.98%)腹水PMN计数≥250个/mm3,79例(90.80%)腹水PMN比值≥0.50,11例(12.00%)腹水细菌培养阳性,共分离出细菌17株,G-杆菌占52.9%(9/17),其对头孢曲松、头孢哌酮、头孢他啶、左旋氧氟沙星及泰能敏感,对丁胺卡那、氧哌嗪青霉素敏感性较低。临床治疗显示,联合使用头孢他啶和甲硝唑效果较好,并较少出现继发真菌感染。结论重型肝炎并发SBP患者的临床表现不典型,腹水培养阳性率低,外周血和腹水PMN比值是诊断SBP比较可靠的参数。治疗SBP,可首选二联使用头孢他啶与甲硝唑,疗程约10~14日。     

Dural arteriovenous malformations at the base of the anterior cranial fossa: report of nine cases

Nine men with dural arteriovenous malformations (DAVM) at the base of the anterior cranial fossa are described. Four patients had intracerebral haemorrhage and four had seizures, associated with haemorrhage in two. In three cases the fistula was an incidental finding. In five cases the diagnosis could be made before angiography, on the basis of CT findings. Angiographically, venous drainage was always seen into ascending cortical veins. Five cases demonstrated drainage via the olfactory vein into the basal vein of Rosenthal; in four this way was the principal route of drainage. Five patients underwent surgery, the therapy of choice. One fistula closed spontaneously after angiography. Two patients refused treatment and one was not treated because of his poor general condition. Because arterial supply was usually bilateral, from small branches of the ophthalmic artery, embolisation seemed to be more dangerous. Compared to dural fistulae in other locations the DAVM of the anterior cranial fossa have a higher risk of complications and should be treated even if asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis.     

小剂量白蛋白治疗进展型脑梗死临床研究

目的：观察小剂量白蛋白治疗进展型脑梗死疗效及治疗前后血液流变学变化，方法：70例病人随机分为两组：治疗组35例和对照组35例，均应用脱水剂，脑细胞保护剂，保持水电酸碱平衡等常规治疗，治疗组35例脑梗死患者应用白蛋白5g静脉滴注，2次／d，连续10d为1疗程，治疗后15d复查血流变，结果：治疗组控制脑梗死进展的疗效明显高于对照组（P＜0．01），结论：小剂量白蛋白治疗进展型脑梗死有效。     

Spontaneous regression of a temporal arachnoid cyst

Surgery is considered to be the standard therapy for arachnoid cysts (ACs). We report the case of a 13-year-old boy in whom a right temporal AC disappeared spontaneously over a period of 10 years. Bulging of the right temporal skull led to the detection of the cyst by computed tomography (CT) scan at the age of 3 years. There were no other clinical symptoms. Subsequent CT scans showed spontaneous regression of the cyst without surgical intervention. The question as to how ACs should be treated is discussed.     

CT引导下颅内血肿微创清除术治疗高血压性脑出血的临床研究

目的探讨CT引导下颅内血肿微创清除术治疗高血压性脑出血的疗效。方法选择101例中重度血压性脑出血患者,随机分为2组,微创组48例行常规保守治疗加微创颅内血肿清除术,保守组53例仅行保守治疗。比较2组疗效、血肿消失速度和治疗后15 d神经功能缺损评分。结果微创组显效率38%,总有效率65%,保守组分别为15%和40%,2组比较有显著性差异(P均<0.01);微创组病死率为23%,保守组为45%,2组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01);微创组血肿完全消失(16.2±3.6)d,保守组为(41.3±5.2)d,2组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01);治疗15 d后2组神经功能缺损评分比较有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论颅内血肿微创清除术治疗高血压性脑出血能有效降低病死率,加快血肿清除,促进神经功能恢复。     

介入诊疗十二指肠憩室反复大出血一例

患者男,67岁。因上腹部不适3 d,黑便、呕血2 h入院。2 h前黑便1次量约500 ml,并恶心、呕吐,吐出咖啡色液体约300 ml,伴有头晕、乏力,无明显心慌、气急来诊。入院查体：老年男性,贫血貌,一般状况差,血压60/40 mmHg,腹部无压痛及反跳痛,肝脾不肿大,移动性浊音(-),肠鸣音活跃,双下肢无异常。     

Pelvic Ring Fractures: Utility of Clinical Examination in Patients with Impaired Consciousness or Tracheal Intubation

Abstract Objective: To define the diagnostic accuracy of clinical examination in patients with impaired consciousness or endotracheal intubation to detect pelvic ring fractures and to identify those with severe bleeding. Methods: Included in this prospective data collection with retrolective data analysis were a consecutive series of blunt trauma victims with either a Glasgow Coma Scale ≤ 13 or tracheal intubation. Clinical examination comprised testing for stability of the iliac wings. Results: From 784 subjects (injury severity score 23.3 ± 17.4) 93 patients (11.9%) were found to have a pelvic ring fracture. Clinical instability of the pelvic ring was found in 42 patients. There was only one false positive. Fifty-two fractures could not be identified by clinical examination, including nine fractures (17%) that required surgical fracture stabilization (sensitivity of clinical examination 44.1%). Seventeen fractures (18.3%) were associated with a blood loss larger than 20% of circulating blood volume. Sixteen of those were identified by clinical instability of the pelvic ring (sensitivity 94.1%, specificity 97.0%, positive predictive value 38.1%, negative predictive value 99.9%). Conclusions: Clinical examination for stability of the pelvis in this selected group of patients missed a significant number of pelvic ring fractures including fractures that require surgical stabilization. The finding of a clinically unstable identifies most of the patients with the pelvic ring fracture being a major source of bleeding. A stable pelvis makes pelvic ring fracture as being the source of bleeding quite unlikely.     

小骨窗术和碎吸术治疗脑出血的临床应用研究

目的对比研究颅内血肿小骨窗清除术和颅内血肿(钻孔)碎吸清除术治疗脑出血的疗效。方法87例脑出血患者分为小骨窗组(行颅内血肿小骨窗清除术)、碎吸组(行颅内血肿碎吸清除术)和对照组(行内科保守治疗)。分别比较小骨窗组、碎吸组、保守组治疗前后的GCS评分及3组的GCS评分差。采用t检验、χ2检验和单因素方差分析比较。结果小骨窗组、碎吸组与保守组的GCS评分差比较均有差异(P<0.05);小骨窗组和碎吸组的GCS评分差比较也有差异(P<0.05)。结论小骨窗颅内血肿清除术、碎吸颅内血肿清除术、内科保守疗法在脑出血治疗中均能发挥一定的作用。小骨窗术和碎吸术在治疗中均能提高疗效、加快神经功能恢复,但小骨窗术较碎吸术能更好地发挥疗效、提高病人的生存质量。