Effects of N-methylacetamide and splenectomy on RF murine myeloid leukemia.

The administration of N-methylacetamide to mice with myeloid leukemia results in significant prolongation of the survival. This therapeutic effect is independent of the presence of the spleen indicating that NMA affects leukemic cells proliferating in other organs. Additionally, splenectomy before or after passage of the leukemia did not alter the course of the disease.     

Splenectomy in myasthenia gravis: a therapeutic concept?

Summary The case histories are presented of five patients with long-diagnosed myasthenia gravis (up to 15 years) who underwent splenectomy. A precondition for the decision to operate was muscle weakness that could not be controlled with standard therapy (e.g. anticholinesterase drugs, immunosuppressive measures). After splenectomy, a considerable improvement took place in three cases; in one case there was moderate improvement, and in another, no improvement. The alleviation of myasthenia gravis may be attributable to the reduction of either the number of immunocompetent lymphocytes in an important storage organ or of the total bulk of the immune system in an immune disease with raised autoantibody production. The acetylcholine receptor antibody titre was not affected by the operation in a consistent way. After splenectomy, immunosuppressive medication was tolerated better with respect to its haematological side-effects.     

门静脉高压症外科手术后门静脉系统血栓形成的原因及防治

目的　探讨门静脉高压症外科手术后门静脉系统血栓形成的原因及处理。方法　回顾性分析我院 1992～ 2 0 0 1年施行肝炎后肝硬化门静脉高压症手术伴脾切除术 32 9例患者的临床资料 ,对其中 4 3例 (13 1% )术后出现门静脉系统血栓患者的临床资料进行统计和分析。结果　 4 3例门静脉系统血栓患者中 ,1例发生感染性门静脉炎死亡 ,其余均康复出院。单纯行脾切除或脾切除加断流术患者 138例 ,血栓形成 2 6例 (18 8% ) ;行脾切除加分流术患者 191例 ,血栓形成 17例 (8 9% ) ,差异有显著意义 (χ2 =8 4 4 ,P <0 0 1)。结论　门静脉高压症外科手术后门静脉系统血栓形成的主要原因是脾切除术后血小板升高 ,且与选择不同术式导致术后门静脉系统血流动力学改变有关。手术操作规范化、术后动态监测血小板总数、常规彩超检查及早期行抗凝祛聚疗法是防治门静脉高压症术后门静脉系统血栓形成的有效方法。     

Association of Splenectomy With Postoperative Complications in Patients With Proximal Gastric and Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer

Background: Splenectomy has been associated with increased morbidity after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Resection of proximal versus distal tumors is associated with a higher morbidity. Because splenectomy is more commonly performed in resection of proximal tumors, these analyses may be biased. The aim of this study was to describe the association of splenectomy with complications in patients undergoing resection of proximal gastric and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancers.Methods: From July 1985 to August 2001, 335 patients underwent resection of proximal gastric or GEJ (type II and III) cancers. Clinical and pathologic factors were retrieved from a prospective database.Results: Overall morbidity was 59% (infectious complications, 41%; noninfectious complications, 36%), and mortality was 4.5%. Splenectomy was associated with a higher rate of infectious complications (57% vs. 33%; P < .01) but not of noninfectious complications (39% vs. 34%; not significant) or mortality (4% vs. 5%; not significant). Splenectomy was also associated with a higher rate of infectious complications on multivariate analysis (hazard ratio, 2.4; P < .01).Conclusions: Morbidity after resection of proximal gastric and GEJ cancer is significant; splenectomy is associated with increased morbidity, but not mortality, in these patients. Because these complications can be managed without an increase in mortality, splenectomy should be performed when indicated by the extent of the tumor.     

Portal vein thrombosis

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a complication of hepatic disease and a potentially lethal complication of splenectomy. The reported incidence of this complication is low (~1%). However, its true incidence may have been underestimated due to difficulty in making the diagnosis. Herein we report the case of a 19 year-old woman who presented with a 2-year history of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Because she had become refractory to medical therapy, she underwent laparoscopic splenectomy. She was discharged on postoperative day 2 after an uncomplicated procedure. She did well, complaining only of mild backache, until postoperative day 21, when she presented with nausea, vomiting, and leukocytosis. CT showed PVT and superior mesenteric vein thrombosis. Despite heparin and fluid administration, her condition worsened. At laparotomy, she had diffuse small bowel edema and congestion. At a second-look procedure 24 h later, nearly all her jejunum and ileum were necrotic. After three procedures, she was left with 45 cm of proximal and 10 cm of distal small bowel. Bowel continuity was restored 8 weeks later. She continued on warfarin anticoagulation therapy for 1 year. Postsplenectomy PVT is most often seen following splenectomy for myeloproliferative disorders and almost never after trauma. The large splenic vein stump and the hypercoagulable state in patients with splenomegaly are thought to be contributory. The presentation of PVT is vague, without defining signs or symptoms. Color-flow Doppler and contrast-enhanced CT scans are the best methods for the nonoperative diagnosis of PVT. Aggressive thrombolysis offers the best hope for clot lysis and maintenance of bowel viability. Even vague symptoms must be considered seriously following splenectomy.     

Functions of the splenic remnant after subtotal splenectomy for treatment of severe splenic injuries

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients submitted to subtotal splenectomy during the immediate and late postoperative period. METHODS: The study was conducted on 34 patients, 25 of whom were submitted to subtotal splenectomy (group I), and 9 to total splenectomy without preservation of splenic tissue (group II), and on 22 patients with intact spleens (group III, control). The immediate and late postoperative complications were investigated. Hematological examinations were performed during the late postoperative period (red cell count, hemoglobin, platelets, total and segmented leukocytes, lymphocytes, and Howell-Jolly bodies). Immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, and IgG) and total T lymphocytes (TTL), active T lymphocytes (ATL), and B lymphocytes were also determined. Splenic scintigraphy with (99m)Tc colloidal sulfur was performed. RESULTS: Groups I and III did not presented abnormal blood bodies and their hematological and immunological pattern were normal. None of the groups showed leukocytosis or thrombocytosis. Howell-Jolly bodies were observed only in group II, which also showed reduced IgM levels. Scintigraphy showed filtering splenic tissue in group I. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that subtotal splenectomy is a good surgical alternative for serious distal spleen lesion or when the main splenic pedicle is injured.     

Splenic Abscess and Infarction – Rare Events for Which Surgery Is Mandatory

Summary BACKGROUND: The modern treatment strategy favouring conservative and minimally invasive approaches in spleen surgery is sometimes applied to splenic infarction and abscess. METHODS: One case each of splenic abscess and splenic infarction was diagnosed and treated within a short period. Both patients underwent splenectomy after conservative therapy had failed. RESULTS: The first patient recovered completely following early complications; the other patient died of concomitant diseases. CONCLUSIONS: Although less invasive procedures are often successful, in some cases there is no alternative to splenectomy.     

超声多普勒血管显像在内结扎法腹腔镜脾切除术中的应用

目的探讨超声多普勒血管显像在内结扎法腹腔镜脾切除术中的应用价值。方法2006年1月至2008年1月收治脾相关血液病患儿28例，均行内结扎法腹腔镜脾切除术。术前应用超声多普勒血管显像探测脾蒂血管解剖类型、走行及与胰腺的关系，并将其与术中所见进行对比分析。结果超声多普勒血管显像与术中记录脾血管分支类型（X^2=1，P〉0．05）及与胰腺的关系（X^2=2，P〉0．05）基本符合。28例腹腔镜脾切除术均获成功，无一例中转开腹。结论超声多普勒血管显像可明确脾蒂血管解剖分支类型、走行及其与胰腺的毗邻关系，有助于弥补腹腔镜缺乏手部触觉功能和三维视觉效果的局限，指导实施腹腔镜脾切除术。     

分流加断流联合手术治疗门静脉高压症58例

目的:探索脾切除、门奇断流附加小口径脾腔静脉分流术治疗门静脉高压症的临床效果。方法:采用脾切除、门奇断流附加小口径脾腔静脉分流术治疗的58例门静脉高压症。结果:58例均为择期手术,术前及术后自由门静脉压力分别为(39.83±3.86)cmcmH2O和(34.42±3.51)cmH2O,随访3月至7年,术后发生肝性脑病3例,再出血1例,腹水消退或好转率87.5%,曲张静脉消失或减轻率89.6%。结论:脾切除、门奇断流附加小口径脾腔静脉分流术是治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症的首选术式。     

手助的腹腔镜脾切除术

本文报道用手助技术完成腹腔镜脾切除术治疗1例原发性血小板减少性紫癜症。2．5h完成手术，术中出血少。3天之内恢复。手助腹腔镜脾切除术操作安全、手术时间缩短，并使腹腔镜技术切除较大脾脏成为可能。