论伍廷芳《延寿新法》的版本及其养生思想

近代著名外交家、法学家伍廷芳撰写了一部养生学著作《延寿新法》,其版本众多,以南京中医药大学图书馆馆藏抄本为善。《延寿新法》一书从生理、饮食、睡眠、阳光、衣着、气象、风俗、烟酒、运动等方面详论养生延年之法。在“西学东渐”的时代背景下,《延寿新法》的养生思想折射出中西医交流的历史痕迹。     

痛风患者的健康素养：一项关于东北地区中青年患者的质性研究

背景　痛风是一种代谢性疾病，可以并发肾、心脑血管等多器官疾病，目前痛风发病和预后的影响因素已经得到揭示，但鲜有通过质性研究方法全面评估痛风患者的疾病认知和健康素养状态。目的　探讨东北地区中青年痛风患者的健康素养，并了解痛风患者的一般感知能力及知识需求状况，为增强我国痛风患者的健康素养水平，改善其自身管理能力、提高痛风患者的生活质量提供理论依据。方法　招募2017年3月-2018年3月于大庆油田总医院、大庆市人民医院、大庆市第五医院3家医院确诊为痛风的中青年患者，信息饱和后停止招募，共招募13例患者。采用非结构式与半结构式访谈相结合的方式对患者资料进行收集，采用Colaizzi的现象学资料分析方法进行分析。结果　对访谈资料进行分析，提炼如下主题：痛风患者的疾病感知能力〔包括对痛风的认知及知晓情况较差；严重的疼痛可影响痛风患者的生活质量；自我感知导致疾病发作或加重的原因为饮食习惯及生活方式等〕、就诊状况及行为（包括首次发病对疾病认识缺乏；就医体验不良）、痛风药物管理计划（包括药物选择依从性低、治疗方案的知晓及应对差）、痛风非药物管理计划（包括生活方式的调整、社会资源互动、疾病信息挖掘）。结论　东北地区中青年痛风患者健康素养水平较低，对疾病相关信息获取途径单一，对疾病和治疗判断片面，因此不能有效进行疾病管理，阻碍医疗决策制定。提示根据需求状况、针对具体薄弱环节提升痛风患者的健康素养、提高知识水平对改善患者健康结局很有必要。     

Perceived neighborhood social cohesion and subsequent health and well-being in older adults: An outcome-wide longitudinal approach

BackgroundGrowing research documents associations between neighborhood social cohesion with better health and well-being. However, other work has identified social cohesion's “dark side” and its ability to promote negative outcomes. It remains unclear if such diverging findings are attributable to differences in study design, or other reasons. To better capture its potential heterogeneous effects, we took an outcome-wide analytic approach to examine perceived neighborhood social cohesion in relation to a range of health and well-being outcomes.MethodsData were from 12,998 participants in the Health and Retirement Study—a large, diverse, prospective, and nationally representative cohort of U.S. adults age >50. Multiple regression models evaluated if social cohesion was associated with physical health, health behavior, psychological well-being, psychological distress, and social well-being outcomes. All models adjusted for sociodemographics, personality, and numerous baseline health and well-being characteristics. To evaluate the effects of change in cohesion, we adjusted for prior social cohesion. Bonferroni correction was used to account for multiple testing.ResultsPerceived neighborhood social cohesion was not associated with most physical health outcomes (except for reduced risk of physical functioning limitations and better self-rated health) nor health behavior outcomes (except for more binge drinking). However, it was associated with numerous subsequent psychosocial well-being (i.e., higher: positive affect, life satisfaction, optimism, purpose in life, mastery, health mastery, financial mastery; reduced likelihood of infrequent contact with friends) and psychological distress outcomes (i.e., lower depression, hopelessness, negative affect, loneliness) over the 4-year follow-up period.ConclusionsWith further research, these results suggest that perceived neighborhood social cohesion might be a valuable target for innovative policies aimed at improving well-being.     

An ethics-based approach to global health research part 4: Scholarship and publications

Disseminating research findings from global health collaborations is essential to advancing science. However, there are a number of ethical considerations and potential challenges to address to ensure thoughtful and non-exploitative reporting. The factors include the benefits and risks to publication, authorship criteria or values, and the accessibility of forums or journals in which to pursue publication. This paper provides commentary related to planning for writing, communicating intentions to publish, obtaining permissions to publish, risks in internationally collaborative work, authorship principles, and journal selection. Authors' and editors’ knowledge of experienced individuals from both pharmacy literature, medical fields, and general publications is incorporated to provide an assessment of risks and benefits of publication of international global health research.     

The effect of Benson’s relaxation response on sleep quality and anorexia in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: A randomized controlled trial

Background and objectivesPatients with cancer experience many side effects due to its nature and usual treatments. Sleep disorders and anorexia are the most commonly reported symptoms in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Benson's Relaxation Response (BRR) on sleep quality and anorexia in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.Methodology and participantsIn the present clinical trial, a total of 84 patients were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups of experimental and control. Benson's relaxation response was administered to the experimental group twice a day over 5 consecutive days. Data was collected using St. Mary's Hospital Sleep Questionnaire (SMHSQ) and anorexia questionnaire with Visual Analog Scale (VAS).ResultsThe results of our study showed a significant improvement in the sleep quality in the experimental group at 24 (p = 0.02) and 48 (p = 0.001) hours after the intervention compared to the control group. Benson's relaxation response (BRR) also had a significant effect on the anorexia in the experimental group at 24 (7.5 ± 1.6) and 48 (6.9 ± 2.1) hours after the intervention compared to the control group. No side effects were reported during the study and follow-up period.ConclusionBenson's relaxation response as a complementary method may improve sleep quality and anorexia in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Further studies with greater sample size and longer follow-up period are needed to confirm the current findings.     

Long-term health and socioeconomic outcome of obstructive sleep apnea in children and adolescents

BackgroundThere is limited information about the long-term outcome of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) diagnosed in children and adolescents for educational and social factors. Here, we estimate the long-term socioeconomic outcome and health care costs of OSA.MethodsThe historical case-control cohort study included Danish individuals with OSA diagnosed in childhood or adolescence between 1994 and 2015. Health care costs and socioeconomic data were obtained from nationwide administrative and health registers. A total of 5419 were diagnosed during this period; of these we traced 1004 patients who we compared with 4085 controls (mean index age, 10.2 years; Standard Deviation (SD), 5.6 years) until the age of 20 years. Controls were matched for age, gender, and residency.ResultsComparing the OSA patient and control groups at age 20 years we found: 1) lower parental educational level; 2) significantly lower educational level also after adjustment for parental educational level; 3) lower school grade-point averages; 4) lower employment rate and lower income, which was not fully compensated when transfer payments were considered; and 5) patients' initial health care costs were higher due to higher morbidity. Patients showed higher mortality rates than controls (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 7.63, 95% CI = 4.87–11.95, P < 0.001).ConclusionsOSA in children and adolescent is associated with a significant influence on morbidity, mortality, educational level, grading, social outcome, and welfare consequences.