X-Ray Study of the Cat Hindlimb During Treadmill Locomotion

With pulsed X-ray cinematography we have analysed the angular excursions of the distal hindlimb joints (proximal interphalangeal, PIP; metatarsophalangeal, MTP; ankle) in cats walking on a treadmill. These distal joints transmit the body weight and the dynamic forces onto the ground. We have included the knee and hip joints in the analysis to relate the angular excursions of the proximal and distal joints and to verify the data previously obtained with external markers on the kinematics of the proximal joints. At the beginning of the stance phase the PIP joints flexed rapidly, the MTP joints extended slowly and the ankle and knee yielded under body weight. Whereas the PIP joints maintained a rather constant angular position of −75° throughout the stance phase, extension continued in the MTP joints from −230° at touch-down to −270° at the end of the stance phase. Around 50 ms before lift-off the MTP joints flexed rapidly. Early (−30 ms) after lift-off this flexion changed into a slow extension. The PIP joints extended swiftly at the stance-swing transition and moderately at the end of the swing phase. During the middle part of the swing phase they flexed slowly. Small rotatory movements around the long axis of the foot took place in the last 100 ms of the swing phase. The results of this study on the distal joints are discussed in relation to the placing of the paw, to the translation of forward propulsion into a MTP movement and to the lifting of the paw (conventionally described as toe curling). They show a differentiated mechanical interaction between the different distal limb joints during these different phases, which must be known in detail to interpret the corresponding electromyographic data and to understand how the hip is moved forward over the MTP joints which serve as the final pivot during stance.     

Effects of capsaicin in temporomandibular joint arthritis in rats

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthritis was induced in female Lewis rats by unilateral injection of a suspension of heat-killed Mycobacterium butyricum in paraffin oil into the TMJ. Control rats received paraffin oil by the same route. Arthritic and control rats were pretreated either with capsaicin or denervation of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve. Tissues were collected for neuropeptide extraction and analysed by radioimmunoassay and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. In all groups, the levels of substance P- (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide- (CGRP) and neuropeptide Y- (NPY) like immunoreactivity (LI) were higher in the trigeminal ganglia than in the TMJs. In control rats, capsaicin significantly lowered the levels of SP-LI in the trigeminal ganglia and TMJ, but not CGRP-LI and NPY-LI. In the arthritic rats, capsaicin pretreatment significantly lowered the SP-LI and CGRP-LI in the trigeminal ganglia and TMJ, but not the NPY-LI. In the trigeminal ganglia the unilateral denervation significantly lowered SP-LI in control rats, and in arthritic rats SP-LI and CGRP-LI. On the denervated side of the arthritic TMJ, NPY-LI, SP-LI and CGRP- LI were significantly lowered as compared to the arthritic control rats and to the contralateral side. In this rat model, pretreatment with capsaicin and surgical denervation decreased the neuropeptide content in the trigeminal ganglia and the TMJ. The results clearly demonstrate a close interaction between increased neuropeptide release from sensory and sympathetic neurones after induction of arthritis in the rat.     

艾司洛尔预注射对预防颈丛阻滞后心血管副反应的观察

颈丛阻滞常可引起心率增快 ,血压增高 ,被认为是颈动脉窦及迷走神经被阻滞 ,交感神经活性增强所致 [1 ]。我们采用艾司洛尔预注射的方法 ,抑制颈丛阻滞后的心血管副反应 ,取得了良好的效果 ,现介绍如下。1　临床资料和方法1.1　一般资料　选择 ASA I～ 级 ,择期行甲状腺瘤或囊     

一阶导数高速脉冲极谱法用于盐酸普鲁卡因的定量分析

研究了一阶导数高速脉冲极谱法,并运用于盐酸普鲁卡因及其注射制剂的定量分析。在-0.04 V(对 Ag/AgCl)处出现的良好导数峰,于1.0～6.0×10~(-4)mol/L 范围内,导数峰电流与浓度呈线性关系。检测限为3.0×10~(-8)mol/L。操作简便、快速、灵敏,结果准确。     

寰枢椎侧块关节运动轨迹数学模型的探讨

应用最小二乘法拟合得到寰枢椎侧块关节运动轨迹方程 ,左半部是 :S(x) =-2 3 .2 42 9-8.663 1x-0 .45 91x2 ;右半部是 :S(x) =-19.683 8+ 7.15 5 4x-0 .3 5 2 6x2 。     

膝关节镜下膝后侧腔室联合手术入路的探讨

[目的]探讨在关节镜下膝关节后侧腔室联合手术入路的重要性和可操作性。[方法]经过前内侧、前外侧和股骨髁切迹以及后内侧、后外侧和后纵隔内切口联合入路分别入镜、入器械，进行膝关节后侧腔室的探查和手术操作。[结果]216例（239膝）应用联合入路探查和治疗，其中5例膝因关节僵硬操作失败；175例膝用于治疗后侧腔室疾病，膝关节后侧腔室手术视野显著改善，探查和手术操作完善，均达到手术目的。1例膝内侧隐神经不全损伤，没有腘后神经、腓总神经、腘后血管、交叉韧带等重要组织损伤。[结论]膝关节后侧腔室病变较多，是检查和治疗的重要部位，并非“技术盲区”。这种联合手术入路，手术风险低，具备可操作性，可以提高手术效率和质量，可作为膝关节镜下常规手术入路。     

新肩三针穴位注射为主治疗肩手综合征的临床研究

目的评价新肩三针穴位注射治疗脑卒中后肩手综合征的临床疗效。方法采用随机对照的方法,将72例符合纳入标准的患者分为治疗组(针刺 新肩三针穴位注射)和对照组(单纯用针刺)。用脑卒中临床神经功能缺损程度评分量表,肩关节疾患治疗成绩判定标准和手掌手指功能评价进行临床疗效评定。结果治疗组疗效明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论新肩三针穴位注射是治疗脑卒中后肩手综合征的有效治疗方法。     

隔姜灸加穴位注射治疗支气管哮喘临床观察

目的观察隔姜灸配合穴位注射治疗支气管哮喘的临床疗效。方法将88例患者随机分为3组,观察组30例采用隔姜灸配合穴位注射治疗,对照组29例采用隔姜灸配合0.9%生理盐水穴位注射治疗,针刺组29例采用针刺治疗。30天后统计疗效。结果与结论观察组在降低血清IgE值及临床疗效上明显优于对照组和针刺组。     

苦碟子注射液治疗突发性聋疗效的观察

目的:探讨苦碟子注射液治疗突发性聋的效果。方法:随机将120例患者分为两组,治疗组60例,予以苦碟子注射液治疗;对照组60例,予以低分子右旋糖酐联合复方丹参注射液治疗。结果:治疗组治疗耳聋、耳鸣总有效率分别为88.33%、82.86%,对照组分别为68.33%、62.50%,治疗组耳聋、耳鸣总有效率均明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:苦碟子注射液治疗突发性聋疗效好且安全可靠,无明显不良反应。     

旋转铰链型与单纯铰链型膝关节肿瘤假体置换的临床比较研究

目的 研究膝关节肿瘤保肢手术两种假体置换的术后效果及其比较.方法 随访我院1999年6月2006年3月治疗的72例膝关节肿瘤患者，失访9例，余63例中40例采用单纯铰链型假体置换(A组)，23例采用旋转铰链型假体置换（B组）63例随访时间9月~8年平均3年9个月，按MSTS膝关节评分标准、ambulation scores、关节屈伸度及感染、复发、手术时间进行评估。结果：A组：手术时间2.6625±0.3362h，复发5例，转移死亡3例，感染2例； B组：手术时间2.5722±0.2878h，复发3例，转移死亡2例，感染2例 。B组1例术后发生旋转轴聚乙烯轴套断裂关节脱位，再次手术更换轴套后未再出现并发症，两组无假体松动病例。两组手术时间无统计学意义；去除复发及转移死亡病例后,剩50例, A组32例， MSTS评分平均23.0/30分。 B组18例，MSTS评分平均23.7/30分。两组MSTS评分p>0.05，无统计学意义；ambulation scores各分项总分均p<0.05，有统计学意义．两组关节伸直时为0°或接近0°,屈曲度A组119.3750±17.49°，B组125.0000±15.34°，无统计学意义（p>0.05）。结论： 1. 按ambulation scores标准，在步行舒适度和快速步行方面，旋转型铰链假体置换组与单纯铰链型假体置换比较有统计学意义；2.而MSTS标准则未能体现出两组术后功能方面的统计学意义，因此ambulation scores较MSTS评分更灵敏，更适合对膝关节保肢术后功能评价；3.两组在手术时间、术后临床屈伸功能及并发症方面，如复发、感染，未见显著差别，单纯铰链型不会出现脱位，而可旋转铰链型假体有脱位的可能。