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41.
实验性视网膜脱离Na十-K+-转运ATP酶活性及RPE超微结构改变 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
目的:探讨实验性视网膜脱离(retinal detachment,RD)后视网膜色素上皮(retinal pigment epithelium,RPE)对视网膜下液(subretinal fluid,SRF)的输导功能。
方法:将制作成功的实验性单眼RD 28只家兔随机分为4组,每组7只,每只兔的另眼作为对照。分别取RD部位的RPE-脉络膜组织和对照眼相应部位的组织匀浆,再测定ATP水解产物无机磷含量,以判断ATP酶活性;并作实验和对照眼的两种组织相应部位的RP正电镜观察。
结果:实验眼Na十-K+-转运ATP酶活性为(2.16士1.26)/μmol(mg·h),对照眼为(4.84±1.59)μmol/(mg·h),二者差异显著(t=5.52,P<0.01);酶活性降低程度随病程延长而减轻(p<0.05)。电镜观察实验眼RD后第2至4周有自脉络膜向视网膜方向的吞饮泡,且随病程延长而增多。
结论;RD发生后RPE的外向输导功能增强,随病程进展,此功能减弱而内向输导功能产生。
(中华眼底病杂志,1997,13:83-85) 相似文献
42.
使用围套式显微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛50例。采用耳后斜行小切口,分离压迫血管后,用涤沦片包绕面神经根起始部并用银夹固定,术后49例痉挛停止。本法并发症少,无死亡。术后随访3个月至10年均无复发。根据术中发现将“责任血管”分为4型:接触型、压迫型、粘连包绕型和贯穿型。讨论了手术适应证、要求及并发症的预防等。 相似文献
43.
44.
报告50例(53眼)锯齿缘断离视网膜脱离的临床特点与术式,正确地选择术式视网膜复位率达100%,其中1次复位率为90.57%,讨论了4种术式的适应症,作用原理和复位率。认为正确选择术式与疗效有密切关系。 相似文献
45.
目的 探讨微血管侵犯在肾癌根治术后患者预后判断中的作用。 方法 选取局限性肾癌患者肾癌根治术后标本 70例。临床分期 :PT15例 ,PT2 5 0例 ,PT3 14例 ,PT41例 ;组织学分级 :G17例 ,G2 38例 ,G3 19例 ,G46例。 70例肿瘤平均直径 7.2cm。采用HE染色、弹力纤维染色、Schiff染色制片 ,观察肾癌微血管侵犯情况 ,并与分期、分级等病理因素进行比较研究。 结果 微血管侵犯者 2 4例 (34.3% ) ,其中出现转移 11例 (4 5 .8% ) ,死于肿瘤复发 7例 ,4例仍带瘤存活 ,死于其他疾病者 2例 ;4 6例无微血管侵犯者中出现转移 4例 (8.7% ) ,两组生存时间比较 ,差异有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 1)。微血管侵犯和肿瘤分期、分级、体积均相关 ,多因素分析表明 :微血管侵犯、肿瘤体积均是预测生存率的重要因素 ,微血管侵犯为影响患者预后的最重要的相关因素。 结论 微血管侵犯可作为局限性肾癌根治性肾切除术后重要的预后因素之一 ,并可作为肾癌常规临床病理检查的一种补充形式 ,按照有、无微血管侵犯作进一步分型 ,可为肾癌患者的预后提供更全面的预测。 相似文献
46.
目的:探讨辐射对豚鼠鼻黏膜结构及微血管的损伤。方法:选择健康豚鼠84只,随机分为对照组(12只)及照射组(72只)。均在同样条件下喂养。将照射组豚鼠置于直线加速器射线内照射,每周1次,每次照射5Gy,计3周,总剂量15Gy,建立辐射损伤动物模型。分别于照射后0.5、1.0、2.0、3.0、5.0、6.0个月处死动物12只,随机取6只做鼻腔黏膜微血管铸型,另6只做病理检查。对照组在假照射后6个月处死动物,随机各选6只分别做鼻黏膜微血管铸型检查和病理检查。结果:照射组豚鼠的鼻黏膜辐射后早期表现为急性炎症反应,黏膜大量坏死、脱落,电镜下见仅少部分黏膜表面还被覆着正常的纤毛结构。以后黏膜开始修复,至6个月时基本结束,但大部分黏膜失去了正常的纤毛柱状上皮结构特点,部分区域甚至代为组织转化的鳞状上皮;微血管铸型可见,早期改变为毛细血管扩张充血及血管内皮细胞肿胀,以后逐渐出现毛细血管的扭曲变形、闭塞及中断,毛细血管数量大量减少,致血液回流障碍,微静脉萎瘪。后期部分区域出现新生的毛细血管,但结构紊乱,不具备微循环的功能。结论:鼻黏膜的损伤、晚期的鳞状上皮组织转化以及鼻黏膜微循环的破坏是放疗后鼻腔功能障碍的病理学基础。 相似文献
47.
Fredrik Ghosh Karl Engelsberg Robert V. English Robert M. Petters 《Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie》2007,245(6):835-846
Background The purpose of this study was to explore neuroretinal transplantation in a large animal model of severe retinitis pigmentosa
and to establish graft development, long-term survival, graft-host integration, and effects on the host retina.
Methods Rhodopsin transgenic pigs, aged 6 months, received in one eye a fetal full-thickness neuroretinal sheet in the subretinal
space by means of vitrectomy and retinotomy. Six months postoperatively, eyes were studied in the light microscope and with
immunohistochemical markers. Full-field electroretinography (ERG) was performed at 4 and 6 months.
Results Laminated grafts with well-organized photoreceptors, rod bipolar cells, and Müller cells were found in five of six eyes. Neuronal
connections between graft and host retina were not seen. In the five eyes containing a graft, the number of surviving rods
in the host retina was significantly higher compared with unoperated eyes. The ERG did not reveal any significant difference
in b-wave amplitude between operated and control eyes, but the cone-derived response in operated eyes increased significantly
from 4 to 6 months while the rod response in control eyes decreased significantly.
Conclusions Fetal full-thickness neuroretina can be transplanted safely to an eye with severe retinal degeneration. In their major part,
the transplants develop a normal laminated morphology and survive for at least 6 months. Graft and host retinal neurons do
not form connections. Retinal function in the host is reduced initially by the surgical trauma, but the presence of a well-laminated
graft counteracts this effect and rescues rods from degeneration.
Supported by The Foundation Fighting Blindness (grant# C-NC02-798-0078), The Faculty of Medicine, University of Lund, The
Swedish Research Council, The Princess Margaretas Foundation for Blind Children, The 2nd ONCE International Award for New
Technologies for the Blind. 相似文献
48.
49.
Gielen CC Gabel SF Duysens J 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2004,155(2):211-219
Gaze control in various conditions is important, since retinal slip deteriorates the perception of 3-D shape of visual stimuli. Several studies have shown that visual perception of 3-D shape is better for actively moving observers than for passive observers watching a moving object. However, it is not clear to what extent the improved percept of 3-D shape for active observers has to be attributed to corollary discharges to higher visual centers or whether the improved percept might be due to improved gaze stabilization during active head movements. The aim of this study was to measure binocular eye movements and to make a quantitative comparison of retinal slip for subjects instructed to fixate a visual stimulus in an active condition (subject makes an active head movement, object is stationary) and in a passive condition (the stimulus moves, the subject is stationary) for various movement frequencies, viewing distances, and stimulus diameters. Retinal slip remains below the acuity threshold of about 4 deg/s in active conditions, except for the highest frequency tested in this study (1.5 Hz) for nearby targets (0.25 cm). Retinal slip exceeds this threshold for most passive conditions. These results suggest that the enhanced performance in the visual perception of 3-D shape during active head movements can, at least partly, be explained by better fixation by actively moving observers. 相似文献
50.
Boire D Matteau I Casanova C Ptito M 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2004,159(2):185-196
In intact cats, it is generally considered that the lateral posterior-pulvinar complex (LP-pulvinar) does not receive direct retinal terminals, with the exception of the retino-recipient zone known as the geniculate wing. There is, however, some evidence that early lesions of the visual cortex can occasionally induce the formation of novel retinal projections to the LP nucleus. Given the importance of knowing the connectivity pattern of the LP-pulvinar complex in intact and lesioned animals, we used the B fragment of cholera toxin, a sensitive anterograde tracer, to reinvestigate the retinal projections to the LP-pulvinar in normal cats and in cats with early unilateral lesions of the visual cortex (areas 17 and 18). Immunohistochemical localization of the toxin was performed to show the distribution and morphology of retinofugal terminals. A direct bilateral but predominantly contralateral retinal projection reached the caudal portion of LPl and LPm in the form of patches located mainly along its dorsomedial surface and many scattered terminals. The distribution of retinal projections to LP-pulvinar in intact and operated cats did not differ. Contrary to what had been previously reported, we found no evidence for lesion-induced sprouting of retinal axons in these higher-order thalamic nuclei. Retinal input to the LP-pulvinar might modulate visual responses driven by primary visual cortex or superior colliculus. 相似文献