The experience of resilience in newly graduated nurses: A qualitative metasynthesis

AimThe aim of the present study was to understand the experiences and perceptions of newly graduated nurses in relation to resilience by providing an interpretive synthesis of the existing qualitative literature on this topic.BackgroundResilience in newly graduated nurses has been associated with increased satisfaction and decreased turnover. As the experience of resilience is unique to each individual, qualitative studies are well suited to explore this concept, yet the existing data is heterogenous.DesignA qualitative metasynthesis was conducted using a meta-ethnographic approach.MethodsThe search was performed using PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global for the English literature and NDSL, KCI, RISS, KISS and DBpia for the Korean literature. The JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research was used to assess the quality of studies. An a priori protocol was created and registered on the Open Science Framework (Randall & De Gagne, 2022).ResultsThe final review included seven articles published between 2008 and 2021. Three main themes were identified: (1) internal experience of resilience; (2) external sources of resilience; and (3) building resilience over time. Subthemes were also identified.ConclusionsThis study indicates that resilience can be developed over time during the period of transition from student nurse to professional nurse and is impacted by personal and organizational influences. The promotion of resilience presents considerations and opportunities for health care leaders and administrators.     

Physical activity may buffer against depression and promote resilience after major life stressors

As many individuals experience potentially traumatic or stressful life events, understanding factors that are likely to promote resilience is imperative. Given the demonstrated efficacy of exercise for depression treatment, we examined if exercise buffers against the risk of developing psychiatric symptoms following life stressors. 1405 participants (61% female) from a longitudinal panel cohort experienced disability onset (43%), bereavement (26%), heart attack (20%), divorce (11%), and job loss (3%). They reported time spent exercising and depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale) across three time points collected in two-year intervals: T0 (pre-stressor), T1 (acutely post-stressor), and T2 (post-stressor). Participants were classified in previously identified heterogeneous depression trajectories pre-to post-life stressor: resilient (69%), emerging (11.5%), chronic (10%), and improving (9.5%). Multinomial logistic regression found that more T0 exercise predicted likelihood of classification in resilient versus other groups (all p < .02). Controlling for covariates, only the higher likelihood of classification in resilient versus improving remained (p = .03). Follow-up repeated measures general linear model (GLM) assessed whether trajectory was associated with exercise at each time, controlling for covariates. GLM indicated significant within-subjects effects for time (p = .016, partial η² = 0.003) and time*trajectory (p = .020, partial η² = 0.005) on exercise and significant between-subjects effects of trajectory (p < .001, partial η² = 0.016) and all covariates. The resilient group showed consistent high exercise levels. The improving group had consistent moderate exercise. The emerging and chronic groups were associated with lower exercise post-stressor. Pre-stressor exercise may buffer against depression and ongoing exercise may be associated with lower depression levels following a major life stressor.     

Resilience and psychological distress among burn survivors

IntroductionBurn is one of the highly occurring injuries worldwide. In case of an acid attack, survivors are considered an embarrassing element for the family. In other words, survivors’ dignity is judged by the scars on their faces and bodies. Burn survivors experience physical pain of wounds, along with unseen psychological agony. Here, resilience is the most captivating phenomenon that can lead the survivor to normalcy in life after experiencing such traumas. The current study is aimed to explore the role of resilience in the psychological distress of burn survivors.Method160 burn survivors were selected with an age bracket of 18–78 years from indoor hospital settings. To explore resilience, Urdu translated version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) by Naz (2011) was used and for symptoms of psychological distress, Urdu version of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale- 21 (DASS-21) by Aslam and Kamal (2017). was also used. The data were analyzed via SPSS 23.ResultsFindings revealed that there is a significant negative relationship between resilience and psychological distress among burn survivors. Moreover, resilience predicted psychological distress. A significant difference was found between types of burn on depression and anxiety. Furthermore, the relationship between resilience to stress and depression is moderated by age of the burn survivor at the time of the incidence. A significant negative relationship between age with psychological distress among burn survivors was observed. The treatment period was associated positively with resilience and negatively with stress among burn survivors. Results also revealed no significant gender difference. However, a significant difference was found between types of burn on depression and anxiety.ConclusionThe findings of current study would be helpful for the medical professionals, mental healthcare providers, and policymakers who can help to develop and implement rehabilitation programs and mental health demands for the said population and can initiate and plan resilience promoting programs that would help promote adaptive coping to deal with trauma.     

缺血性脑卒中患者心理弹性、自我护理能力与失志的关系研究

目的：探讨缺血性脑卒中患者的心理弹性、自我护理能力和失志现状及三者间的关系，为提升缺血性脑卒中患者的心理健康提供参考。方法：采用便利抽样法，选取2021年11月至2022年2月在神经内科住院的140例缺血性脑卒中患者为研究对象，使用中文版第二版失志量表（DS-Ⅱ-C）、心理弹性量表简化版(CD-RISC10)、汉化的修正版自我护理能力评估量表(ASAS-R-C)及人口社会学资料问卷开展调查。结果：缺血性脑卒中患者失志得分为8.00(6.00,13.00)分，中高度失志发生率为70.7%，心理弹性得分为（25.43±7.89）分，自我护理能力得分为（54.31±6.94）分。缺血性脑卒中患者的心理弹性、自我护理能力均与失志呈负相关（P<0.01），心理弹性在自我护理能力与失志间发挥中介作用，中介效应占总效应比为38.15%。结论：医护人员应重点关注缺血性脑卒中患者的心理动态变化，重视患者面临的失志问题，通过提升患者的自我护理能力，维护健康心理的过程中加强对心理弹性的干预，从而有利于患者后续内在心理调节，最终达到预防或降低失志的发生与发展的目的。     

如何提高青少年的心理韧性素质

心理韧性素质可使青少年能够更好地克服逆境与挫折，追求积极的自我实现。心理韧性的培养与提升关键在于加强个体内在积极心理素质，而良好的外界支持系统包括创设良好家庭环境、营造积极学校文化氛围以及构建完善立体社会支持体系等也有助于心理韧性的培养。本文从以上两个方面探讨了如何提高青少年的心理韧性素质，认为心理韧性素质教育是学校心理教育的重要组成部分，应当贯穿于教育的始终。     

Mindfulness group intervention improved self-compassion and resilience of children from single-parent families in Tibetan areas

ObjectiveThe current study aimed to examine the effects of a mindfulness group intervention on self-compassion, psychological resilience, and mental health of children from single-parent families in Tibetan areas.MethodsA total of 64 children from single-parent families in Tibetan areas were randomly allocated to a control group (n = 32) and an intervention group (n = 32). Participants in the control group received conventional education, while participants in the intervention group received 6-week mindfulness intervention in addition to the conventional education. Both groups completed the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), Self-compassion Scale (SCS), Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescent (RSCA), and the Mental Health Test (MHT) before and after the intervention.ResultsAfter the intervention, the levels of mindfulness and self-compassion in the intervention group were significantly improved in relative to the control group. The positive cognition in the RSCA was significantly increased in the intervention group, whereas no significant change was observed in the control group. There was a trend towards lower self-blame in the MHT, but no significant impact of the intervention on the overall level of mental health was found.ConclusionResults suggest that a 6-week mindfulness training effectively improve self-compassion and resilience of single-parent children. Thus, mindfulness training as a cost-effective approach can be arranged in the curriculum, which helps students develop high level of self-compassion and resilience. In addition, there may be a need to improve emotional control in order to improve mental health.     

护士心理弹性干预的研究进展

目前，国内大部分护士的心理弹性水平较低，构建提升护士心理弹性的有效干预方案是维护国内护士身心健康和促进护理队伍稳定发展的迫切需求。该文针对国内外护士心理弹性的干预形式、内容和效果进行综述，分析现有干预研究存在的不足，并提出对未来的展望，旨在为今后制订科学、合理、操作性强的干预方案提供理论指导。     

Résilience et croissance post-traumatique : enjeux théoriques et cliniques

ObjectiveThis article discusses the theoretical and clinical links between the concepts of resilience and post-traumatic growth (PTC). These two concepts are so closely related that they are often, but wrongly, confused. Yet, they both offer interesting perspectives when distinguished epistemologically. The main objective of this article is to define these two entities and to discuss their complementarity and differences at the theoretical and clinical levels.MethodA review of the international literature on these concepts was conducted to identify similarities and differences.ResultsIt appears that resilience is a well-known and useful concept in psychology, but its definitional variability has consequences at the theoretical, clinical, and psychometric levels. It sometimes refers to the construct of post-traumatic growth that is, nevertheless, complementary and different: post-traumatic growth is described as “positive psychological changes [...] following exposure to a major trauma” and resilience, in its strict definition, refers to a return to pre-traumatic status (i.e. prior to the adverse event). Resilience and growth are two distinct and complementary entities, as they share a number of common processes but have different expressions and purposes.DiscussionThe notions of resilience and post-traumatic growth do not reflect the same phenomena and trajectories in subjects who have experienced adverse events. Resilience refers to a return to a pre-event level of functioning, whereas post-traumatic growth refers to the benefits and positive changes following a trauma with no opposition to suffering, as it would be the root cause of post-traumatic growth.ConclusionFrom a theoretical and clinical point of view, it is important to integrate post-traumatic growth into clinical psychology and psychiatry, in order to better understand the life paths of subjects struggling with psychotraumatic consequences. It would lead to a larger vision of “resistance and overcoming trauma processes” that would not oppose suffering and recovery, but that would study both constructs.     

Resilience by design: How nature,nurture, environment,and microbiome mitigate stress and allostatic load

Resilience to psychological stress is defined as adaption to challenging life experiences and not the absence of adverse life events. Determinants of resilience include personality traits, genetic/epigenetic modifications of genes involved in the stress response, cognitive and behavioral flexibility, secure attachment with a caregiver, social and community support systems, nutrition and exercise, and alignment of circadian rhythm to the natural light/dark cycle. Therefore, resilience is a dynamic and flexible process that continually evolves by the intersection of different domains in human’s life; biological, social, and psychological. The objective of this minireview is to summarize the existing knowledge about the multitude factors and molecular alterations that result from resilience to stress response. Given the multiple contributing factors in building resilience, we set out a goal to identify which factors were most supportive of a causal role by the current literature. We focused on resilience-related molecular alterations resulting from mind-body homeostasis in connection with psychosocial and environmental factors. We conclude that there is no one causal factor that differentiates a resilient person from a vulnerable one. Instead, building resilience requires an intricate network of positive experiences and a healthy lifestyle that contribute to a balanced mind-body connection. Therefore, a holistic approach must be adopted in future research on stress response to address the multiple elements that promote resilience and prevent illnesses and psychopathology related to stress allostatic load.