团体心理干预在社区精神分裂症患者高情感表达家属中的应用

目的:探讨团体心理干预对社区精神分裂症患者高情感表达家属的影响。方法:将社区精神分裂症患者高情感表达的家属55例分成研究组(29例)和对照组(26例),研究组给予团体心理干预,在干预前和干预后3个月,采用CFI-CV量表、LSI量表及SES量表对患者家属进行评估,比较两组患者家属的情况。结果:干预3个月后,研究组高情感表达分值比之前降低(t=5.570,P0.01),生活满意度分值比之前提高(t=-5.095,P0.01),具有统计学差异;对照组高情感表达分值较前降低(t=1.766,P0.05),生活满意度分值较前提高(t=-0.420,P0.05),无统计学差异。结论:团体心理干预可降低社区精神分裂症患者高情感表达家属的高情感表达性,同时可以提高家属的生活满意度。     

精神分裂症患者亲属心理健康状况分析

目的研究精神分裂症患者亲属的心理健康状况。方法采用SDS、SAS量表及自编一般项目调查表对71例精神分裂症患者亲属进行测评。结果 71例亲属SDS、SAS评分均显著高于国内常模（P〈0.01）,无职业者焦虑评分显著高于有职业者（P〈0.05）。结论精神分裂症患者亲属焦虑、抑郁症状突出,应对其进行心理卫生干预。     

2型糖尿病患者一级亲属血浆同型半胱氨酸表达的研究

目的研究2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者的一级亲属血浆同型半胱氨酸的变化及其意义。方法选择泰安地区正常血糖水平的2型糖尿病患者的一级亲属（FDRs）34例,没有并发症的2型糖尿病患者34例,另选取正常对照组（NC）30例。测定血浆同型半胱氨酸和腰臀比（WHR）、空腹血糖（FPG）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）等相关临床指标,进行数据统计。结果FDRs组与NC组比较,同型半胱氨酸水平明显升高（P〈0．01）,T2DM组同型半胱氨酸水平又明显高于FDRs组（P〈0．01）。Pearson相关分析表明,WHR、胰岛素抵抗（IR）与同型半胱氨酸呈正相关,是其升高的独立相关因素。结论同型半胱氨酸在2型糖尿病患者的一级亲属中表达明显增加,与IR密切相关,可能在2型糖尿病的发展过程中有重要作用。     

Hypomanic, cyclothymic and hostile personality traits in bipolar spectrum illness: a family-based study

OBJECTIVES: To examine hypomanic, cyclothymic and hostile personality traits in a large, euthymic, family-based group of individuals with bipolar disorder (BPD) and their affectively ill and healthy relatives. To test whether these traits follow a distribution with the most "pathological" scores in the bipolar disorder I (BPD I) group and the least "pathological" scores in the unaffected relatives. METHODS: Two-hundred and ninety-six individuals from 47 bipolar disorder families were administered a battery of personality questionnaires (Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego; Temperament and Character Inventory; Affective Neuroscience Personality Scale; Hypomanic Personality Scale; Borderline Traits Questionnaire) as well as a self-rating depression (Beck Depression Inventory) and mania (Altman Self-Rating Mania) scale. Out of the 296 participants, 57 were diagnosed with BPD I, 24 with bipolar disorder II (BPD II), 58 with recurrent major depression (MDE-R), 45 had one previous depressive episode (MDE-S), and 86 were unaffected. Twenty six individuals had another DSM-IV diagnosis. RESULTS: The BPD I group displayed elevated hypomanic, cyclothymic and hostile traits. These traits were also characteristic of the BPD II group but were less salient in the MDE-R group. The MDE-S group did not differ significantly from unaffected relatives. Hypomanic personality characteristics were clearly elevated in both BPD groups and differentiated BPD from major depressive disorder (MDD) individuals. CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide preliminary support for the hypothesis that temperament is a genetically quantitative trait.     

心血管病人家属徒手心肺复苏术知识现状和教学模式探讨

目的:调查心血管病人家属徒手心肺复苏术的知晓现状,并通过开展徒手心肺复苏术的知识讲座,探讨普及徒手心肺复苏术的教学模式,为进一步普及徒手心肺复苏术提供依据。方法:采用自行设计的徒手心肺复苏术知识现状调查问卷和学习效果评估问卷,于2011年8-12月对武汉市同济医院和协和医院心内科的131名心血管病人家属进行徒手心肺复苏术的知识调查和知识讲座评估。结果:有112人听说过徒手心肺复苏术,36人学习过急救知识。知识讲座的学习效果评估平均得分为91.2分,128人及格。家属的学历不同对学习效果的影响具有统计学意义。结论:心血管病人家属的徒手心肺复苏术急救知识缺乏,但学习意愿高。针对病人家属的特点,在短时间内多次重复知识点,结合视频教学、现场演示和模拟训练等多种教学方法,可以获得良好的学习效果,这种教学模式值得向公众推广。     

首发青少年精神病患者亲属心理应激状况调查与对策

目的探讨青少年精神病患者亲属心理健康状况。方法对我院首次住院青少年精神病患者的93例亲属,采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）及自制一般情况调查表进行测评,并进行t检验和统计学描述。结果患者亲属SCL-90评分高于国内常模,且女性评分高于男性。SAS评分高于国内常模（P〈0.01）,差异有显著性。结论青少年精神病患者亲属普遍存在心理问题,为促进患者的康复,应及时有效的对其亲属进行心理干预,改善他们的心理障碍,提高他们的心理健康水平。     

Islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies (ICA) in diabetes and disorders of glucose tolerance.

Islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies were determined in 85 individuals 60 to 74 years old with fasting hyperglycaemia, in 65 patients with cystic fibrosis, in 113 patients with pancreatitis, in 21 patients with Turner's phenotype, and in 135 first-degree relatives of patients with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes. Islet cell antibodies were absent in all 60 to 74-year-old subjects with fasting hyperglycaemia detected by screening, and who did not require insulin treatment within 3 years. Islet cell antibodies were also absent in all patients with pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, or Turner's phenotype. Islet cell antibodies were detected in 2 out of 135 (1.5%) first-degree relatives of new Type 1 diabetic patients, and in 1 out of 371 (0.3%) non-diabetic control subjects. During 12 years of follow-up 1 of the 2 first-degree relatives with islet cell antibodies and the only positive control developed Type 1 diabetes. It is suggested that islet cell antibodies are primarily associated with Type 1 diabetes and not with other disorders of glucose tolerance.     

灾难性事件对遇难者亲属心理健康的影响及其干预性研究

目的 探讨灾难性事件对遇难者亲属的心理健康的影响,及寻找有效的干预措施。方法 对灾难事件的103名遇难者亲属进行心理障碍的调查及采取相应的心理及药物干预措施。结果 遇难者亲属的心理健康状况（情感、睡眠、情绪、行为及言语等）受到明显的影响。其心理健康受影响程度与遇难者关系、文化程度、性别有关,以遇难者亲属中的与遇难者关系密切者、低文化程度者、女性心理健康受影响程度最大。各种心理障碍的发生率分别为：情感障碍93%、睡眠障碍89%、情绪障碍80%、行为障碍78%、言语障碍61%。经予心理及药物干预收到了好的效果。结论 灾难性事件可给遇难者亲属心理健康造成明显损害;对他们实施心理干预可起到事半功倍的效果。     

High prevalence of coeliac disease in siblings of children with type 1 diabetes

Coeliac disease has been shown to occur more frequently among first-degree relatives of diabetic patients than in the general population. Our objective was to assess the prevalence of endomysium antibodies (EMA) in non-diabetic siblings of Czech diabetic children and to evaluate the effects of HLA-DQ polymorphisms in determining the genetic susceptibility to coeliac disease (CD) in these subjects. We investigated 240 siblings of diabetic children from 213 families (125 males and 115 females, aged 12.6±4.9 years, mean ± SD). All subjects were tested for the total IgA level to exclude IgA deficiency, and for endomysium IgA to disclose CD. In five IgA-deficient subjects, anti-gliadin IgG was used instead. Small bowel biopsy was offered to subjects with confirmed positive EMA. The HLA-DQA1, -DQB1 genotypes were determined using PCR-SSP. Positive EMA were found in 9/240 (3.8%) subjects (three males, six females). The biopsy confirmed CD in six children, two had a normal mucosal finding and one refused the biopsy. The HLA-DQ2 polymorphism was more frequent among siblings with EMA (seven of nine) than in siblings without EMA (33%), corrected P =0.031. Conclusion:The 3.8% frequency of coeliac disease found in siblings of diabetic children is close to the 4.3% found previously in Czech children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and is substantially higher than the rate in the healthy children population.