Preserved endothelial-dependent and endothelial-independent skin vasodilator responses in relatives of type 1 diabetes patients

Since increased plasma and cell levels of oxidative products have been found in non diabetic relatives of type 1 diabetic patients, we hypothesized the occurrence of an endothelial dysfunction in these subjects. To verify this hypothesis we investigated the skin blood flow responses to iontophoresis of both the endothelial-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine (ACh) and the endothelial-independent vasodilator sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in 31 non diabetic healthy relatives (DR) (14 siblings, 17 parents) of 17 type 1 diabetic patients. Twenty healthy control subjects (CS) without a family history of diabetes, matched for age (± 5 years) and gender, were also investigated. DR and CS did not significantly differ either in basal skin blood flux (6.75 ± 0.72 PU and 5.78 ± 0.37 PU, respectively) or in skin vasodilator response to both ACh (728 ± 53% and 711 ± 44%, respectively) and SNP iontophoresis (758 ± 71% and 731 ± 64%, respectively). This finding is consistent with a preserved skin microvascular endothelial function in the studied subjects. However, since previous data suggest that both nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin released form the cutaneous vascular endothelium have an interchanging compensatory role in controlling the skin vasodilator response to ACh iontophoresis, our finding does not allow a defect in NO dependent skin vasodilatation to be excluded in the studied relatives of diabetic patients.     

高干病房两种陪护方式的社会支持分析及护理

目的 了解高干病房患者两种陪护方式的社会支持状况,提高非亲属陪护患者的社会支持度.方法 应用社会支持评定量表对40例亲属陪护和40例非亲属陪护的高干病房患者进行评定,评定结果进行统计学分析,找出非亲属陪护病人满意度较低的原因,实施相应护理对策：加强与非亲属陪护患者、亲属及陪护的沟通,营造良好的人文治疗环境,提高患者受尊重、被支持与理解的情感体验和满意程度.结果 亲属陪护患者社会支持总分（42.67±2.80）分,客观支持得分（13.1±71.47）分,主观支持得分（22.40±1.14）分,支持利用度得分（10.86±1.07）分均显着高于非亲属陪护患者（P＜0.01）,满意度明显提高.结论 加强护理干预可提高非亲属陪护高干老年患者的社会支持及生理、心理满足率.     

危重患者家属应对方式与心理健康状况相关性调查分析

目的分析危重患者家属简易应对方式与心理健康状况的相关性。方法选择2013年1～3月右江民族医学院附属医院危重患者家属62名,采用简易应对方式问卷调查表（SCSQ）、症状自评量表（SCL-90）进行评价,分析简易应对方式与心理健康状况的相关性。结果①危重患者家属的积极应对维度得分[（1.50±0.39）分]低于全国常模[（1.78±0.52）分],消极应对维度得分[（1.83±0.39）分]高于全国常模[（1.59±0.60）分],差异均有高度统计学意义（P〈0.01）。②积极应对维度与人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、心理健康状况总分呈负相关,与睡眠和饮食呈正相关;消极应对维度与躯体化、强迫症状、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖呈正相关,与睡眠和饮食呈负相关,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;积极应对维度与躯体化、强迫症状、精神病性无关,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;消极应对维度与敌对、偏执、精神病性、人际敏感性、心理健康状况总分无关,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论应对方式是影响危重患者家属心理健康的重要因素。     

Prevalence of open angle glaucoma in accompanying first degree relatives of patients with glaucoma

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of open angle glaucoma in first-degree relatives accompanying POAG patients during routine examination in a reference hospital. METHOD: First-degree relatives of primary open angle glaucoma patients who accompanied their relatives to the glaucoma service of a reference hospital were screened for glaucoma. RESULTS: One-hundred and one first-degree relatives were examined, of which 56.4% had never had their intraocular pressure measured. 10.9% had previously been diagnosed with glaucoma, and 5.9% were newly diagnosed during this study. CONCLUSIONS: The eye examination of first-degree relatives identified a significant percentage of individuals with glaucoma. Despite being first-degree relatives of glaucoma patients, 56.4% of the companions had never had their eye pressure measured, demonstrating a lack of awareness about this disease.     

Participants' judgements of the European Donor Hospital Education Programme (EDHEP): an international comparison

The European Donor Hospital Education Programme (EDHEP) is a one-day workshop, aimed at providing guidelines for breaking the news of the death of a relative and for raising the issue of organ donation with bereaved relatives. Participants' judgements of the workshop in the Netherlands and in the United Kingdom were compared to determine whether EDHEP meets doctors' and nurses' training needs in breaking bad news and requesting organ donation. In both countries EDHEP appears to be greatly appreciated by intensive care medical and nursing staff; the judgements are more positive in the United Kingdom than in the Netherlands. It seems that, irrespective of their professional experience, intensive care staff consider EDHEP a valuable teaching programme that increases confidence in communicating with bereaved relatives about death and organ donation. Received: 5 June 1998 Received after revision: 1 December 1998 Accepted: 22 December 1998     

综合式家庭干预对社区精神分裂症家属的效果

目的 了解综合式家庭干预对社区精神分裂症家属的效果。方法 在宝山区随机抽取１８６例精神分裂症进行一年的综合式家庭干预对照研究,干预组８６组例接受综合式家庭干预和常规社区服务,对照组１００例仅接受常规社区服务。干预前后分别对患者家属进行ＳＡＳ、ＣＥＳ－Ｄ、ＦＩＳ量表和自编家属认知状况调查表的评定。结果 干预组家属对有关疾病知识掌握较干预前在显著提高,自身焦虑、抑郁的发生率分别减少３３．２３％和７６．     

Frequency distribution of HLA DQ2 and DQ8 in celiac patients and first-degree relatives in Recife, northeastern Brazil

AIMS:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequencies of the HLA genotypes DQ2 and DQ8 and the alleles A1*05, A1*0201, B1*0201 and B1*0302 in individuals with celiac disease in Recife, northeastern Brazil.

METHODS:

HLA DQ2 and DQ8 genotyping was performed for 73 individuals with celiac disease and 126 first-degree relatives with negative transglutaminase serology. The alleles DQA1*05, DQA1*0201, DQB1*02 and DQB1*0302 were identified by sequencing using specific primers and the EU-DQ kit from the Eurospital Laboratory, Trieste, Italy and double-checked by the All Set SPP kit (Dynal).

RESULTS:

Among the 73 cases, 50 (68.5%) had the genotype DQ2, 13 (17.8%) had DQ8, 5 (6.8%) had DQ2 and DQ8, and 5 did not have any of these genotypes. Among the 5 negative individuals, four had the B1*02 allele and one did not have any of the alleles studied. B1*02 was the most frequent allele in both groups (94% in the patients and 89% in the control relatives).

CONCLUSIONS:

In this study, celiac disease was associated with the genotypes DQ2 and DQ8. DQ2 predominated, but the distribution of the frequencies was different from what has been found in European populations and was closer to what has been found in the Americas. The high frequencies of the HLA genotypes DQ2 and DQ8 that were found in first-degree relatives would make it difficult to use these HLA genotypes for routine diagnosis of celiac disease in this group.     

It was one of my brothers

When DNA evidence is used to implicate a suspect, it may be of interest to know whether it is likely that the suspect's near relatives also share the suspect's DNA profile. In this study we discuss methods for evaluating the probability that at least one of a set of the suspect's full or half-siblings shares the suspect's DNA profile. We present three such methods: exact calculation, estimation via Monte Carlo simulations, and estimation by means of sandwiching the probability between an upper and a lower bound. We show that, under many circumstances, this upper bound itself provides an extremely quick and accurate estimate of the probability that at least one of the relatives matches the suspect's profile.     

创伤性颅脑损伤患者亲属心理状况的调查

目的 调查颅脑损伤患者亲属的心理状况及健康水平,探讨其影响因素,为进一步研究寻求有效地干预措施提供依据.方法 采用问卷调查方法调查了某省12家医院300名创伤性颅脑损伤患者亲属的心理健康水平.结果 颅脑损伤患者亲属的心理健康水平较低,影响心理状况的因素有：病情程度、亲属的年龄、病情保证需求、接近的需求、支持的需求、对社会支持的利用度.结论 在临床的医疗护理工作中应正确评估该类患者亲属的心理状况,给予合理的干预措施,有利于促进患者的康复.