A new philosophy for schizophrenia care

INTRODUCTION: Patients with psychotic illness are frequently dissatisfied with psychiatric services although it is unclear whether this can be explained as being due to the mental disorder itself, or to the lower quality of care received by this group of patients. We explored this issue by comparing service satisfaction from different user perspectives: patients and key relatives. METHOD: The satisfaction and needs of 52 patients with schizophrenia and 66 of their relatives were assessed using the Verona Service Satisfaction Scale (VSSS). RESULTS: Patients were generally more satisfied with services than relatives, but there was a high degree of consistency between the groups regarding the aspects of the service which they were most, and least, satisfied with. CONCLUSION: Patient satisfaction surveys can be used as reliable indicators of service quality and can highlight specific strengths and shortcomings in mental health service provision. Such surveys can be very useful to help improve the quality of care for patients and their relatives.     

The course of delusional beliefs

The aim of this study was to explore possible regional differences in the use of coercion in psychiatric care as experienced by patients and relatives. At four psychiatric care settings in different parts of Sweden, 138 committed and 144 voluntarily admitted patients were interviewed at admission using the Nordic Admission Interview. At discharge or, if the care episode was still ongoing, after 3 weeks of care, a follow-up patient interview and an interview with 162 relatives of these patients took place. In one of the centers, where involuntarily admitted patients were treated without locking the doors of the wards, the patients reported less coercion at admission than in the other three centers. Regarding the patients’ reports of the use of coercive measures, personal treatment and outcome of care, and concerning the relatives’ experiences, few differences were found between centers among committed and voluntarily admitted patients, respectively. Coercion in psychiatric care, as reported by patients and relatives, was not always legally based, and many of the patients reported they felt violated during the admission process. Only a minority of patients and relatives reported participation in treatment and care planning, as regulated by law. Still, a majority of both committed and voluntarily admitted patients reported they had been well treated by the personnel at admission as well as during the stay at the ward, and that they had been improved in their mental health after the psychiatric care episode.     

急危重症患者家属心理干预的效果研究

目的探究对急危重患者家属实施心理干预的作用。方法将2013年本人参加护理的急危重症患者100例按病情、病种分为实验组和对照组各50例,实验组根据不同病情、病种及需求对患者家属实施有针对性的心理干预,比较两组的护理满意度。结果实验组的护理满意度得分显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论对患者家属的心理干预,有助于提高护理质量,提高护理满意度。     

栀子及其近缘类群的随机扩增多态DNA分析

目的探索栀子与其变种雀舌栀子、重瓣栀子及变型水栀子之间的亲缘关系。方法从56个随机引物中筛选出12个引物对栀子及其近缘类群进行RAPD分析,应用SPSS10.0分析软件中的Jaccard方法计算任意两样品间的相似系数,用组内聚类方法计算得出聚类树状图。结果共得到251个有效位点。聚类分析显示,栀子与重瓣栀子最先聚类,然后与水栀子聚类,最后与雀舌栀子聚类。结论重瓣栀子与栀子亲缘关系最近,雀舌栀子与栀子的亲缘关系最远。     

A trial of individual dose intensity and relative performance factors in tegafur maintenance chemotherapy for head and neck cancer

Summary Tegafur (Sunfural-S), as masked compound of a 5-fluorouracil derivative, was administered orally as a maintenance chemotherapeutic agent at a dose of 600 mg/day in 98 ases of head and neck epithelial cancer. The effectiveness of the drug was evaluated by a statistical method involving two formulae: individual dose intensity (IDI) and relative performance (RP). When comparing patients rated above a reference IDI value of 1.0 with those rated below 1.0, it was not possible to predict patient survival or tumor-free rates. In contrast, the value of the RP did show such a correlation. These findings support the effectiveness of Tegafur as a maintenance chemotherapeutic treatment for head and neck cancer patients.     

Stressors in ICU: perception of the patient, relatives and health care team

Objective: To compare the evaluation of the stressors present in the intensive care unit (ICU) from the point of view of the patient, relatives and the multiprofessional team and to identify differences and similarities with regard to the perception of stressors in order to optimize patient care. Design: Cross-sectional analytical survey. Setting: General ICU of a private hospital. Patients and participants: From April 1^st to June 30^th, 1996, 50 ICU patients during the first week of their ICU stay, 50 of their respective relatives and 50 members of the professional team directly involved in the care of these patients. Measurements and results: The Intensive Care Unit Environmental Stressor Scale (ICUESS) was administered to all patients. The relatives and health care professionals were asked to complete the ICUESS on the basis of their perception of the patient's stressors. Being in pain, having tubes in the nose or mouth, being restrained by tubes and being unable to sleep were considered by the patients, relatives and health care professionals as the main stressors. The professional team evaluated the intensity of the stressors higher than either the family or the patient. No statistical significance was detected between the intensity of the stressors as evaluated by the patient and the intensity evaluated by relatives and by the professional team. Conclusions: Being in pain, being unable to sleep and having tubes in the nose and/or mouth were pointed out as the major stressors by the three groups. There was no statistically significant correlation between the total stress scores of the patients and their relatives (r = 0.193), between the patients and the team (r = –0.002), or between the total scores of the team and the relatives (r = –0.185). The results suggest that the views of the relatives and the professional team concerning the stressors have some similar points compared to the evaluation made by the patient himself, although the intensity of the evaluation for each group corresponds to its own perception. Received: 3 March 1999 Accepted: 19 October 1999     

癫痫患儿亲属不依从治疗的调查分析及护理对策

目的:了解癫痫患儿亲属不依从治疗的原因,纠正患者亲属错误的观念和行为。方法:采用自编问卷调查表,对本院就诊的癫痫患儿亲属进行问卷调查统计。结果:用药的种类多和时间长,是亲属不依从治疗的主要原因。结论:亲属不依从治疗是导致患儿治疗效果差和病情反复的主要原因之一,加强其健康教育和心理护理,与其建立良好的护患关系,是主要的护理对策。     

ICU病人亲属支持干预及支持源的调查研究

目的 :了解ICU病人亲属支持获得情况及支持源 ,帮助ICU护士充分认识支持干预 ,积极为ICU病人亲属提供社会支持。方法 :采用开放式问卷及“ICU病人家庭支持干预量表” ,对60例ICU病人亲属进行支持干预重要性、获得情况及支持源的调查。结果 :ICU病人亲属认为信息支持最为重要 ,且多数亲属认为可以获得此方面的支持 ,医生被认为是提供信息支持的主要源泉。情感支持及物质支持次之 ,约半数病人亲属认为可以获得情感及物质支持 ,但提供此方面支持的主要源泉是亲友 ;信息支持的获得在病人配偶及子女间存在统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,病人配偶及子女在 4方面支持重要性得分方面不存在统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :ICU护士应正确认识病人亲属支持干预的重要性 ,积极提供有效的社会支持 ,以帮助病人家庭应对病人危重时的危机状态 ,维持家庭功能 ,促进病人康复     

心理干预对儿童精神分裂症患者亲属心理健康的影响

目的 探讨心理干预对儿童精神分裂症患者亲属心理健康的影响。方法 对入组的30例精神分裂症患儿亲属定期进行心理干预，采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)在干预前后进行心理卫生状况调查。结果 心理干预前与国内常模比较SCL-90总分及焦虑、抑郁、强迫症状、恐怖、偏执、精神病性因子分差异有显著意义(P＜0．05，P＜0．01)，干预后SCL-90总分及各因子分较干预前差异有显著意义(P＜0．05，P＜0．01)。结论 儿童精神分裂症患者亲属存在较多的心理问题，心理干预能有效提高精神分裂症患儿亲属的心理健康水平。