精神运动性癫痫儿童记忆障碍的临床研究

目的 探讨精神运动性癫痫患儿的记忆障碍情况.方法 采用修订的韦氏记忆量表对60例正常对照组儿童及76例精神运动性癫痫患儿分别进行测评,观察相应指标的变化.结果 精神运动性癫痫患儿较正常儿童存在明显记忆障碍,发作频率对记忆障碍无影响( P ＞0.05),而病程长短及临床是否控制良好与记忆障碍有关影响( P ＜0.05);左侧起源者较右侧起源者短时记忆、瞬时记忆和总MQ水平均偏低,尤其是联想学习[(8.12±3.16)分,(9.79±2.67)分]、背数[(5.44±3.84)分,(7.47±3.26)分]及总MQ[(79.21±24.36)分,(93.34±26.07)分]水平差异有显著性( P ＜0.05).左侧起源者治疗后较右侧起源者治疗后记忆改善似乎更明显,尤以联想学习、理解记忆、背数及总MQ水平改善显著( P ＜0.05).结论 精神运动性癫痫患儿有明显的记忆障碍;良好的临床控制以及尽可能缩短病程对保护及改善记忆障碍有积极作用.     

Dissociations between motor timing,motor coordination,and time perception after the administration of alcohol or caffeine

RATIONALE: The impacts of psychoactive drugs on timing have usefully informed theories of timing and its substrates. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the study are to test the effects of alcohol and caffeine on the explicit timing involved in tapping with the implicit timing observed in the coordinated picking up of an object, and with the temporal discrimination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Participants in the "alcohol" experiment (N = 16) received placebo, "low" (0.12 g/kg or 0.14 g/kg for women/men, respectively) or "high" (0.37 g/kg or 0.42 g/kg, respectively) doses of alcohol, and those in the "caffeine" experiment (N = 16) received placebo, 200 or 400 mg caffeine. Time production variability was measured by repetitive tapping of specified intervals, and sources of variance attributable to central timer processes and peripheral motor implementation were dissociated. The explicit timing in tapping was compared with the implicit timing in the coordinated picking up of an object. Time perception was measured as discrimination thresholds for intervals of similar duration. Drug effects on reaction time were also measured. RESULTS: For tapping, alcohol significantly increased timer variability, but not motor variability; it did not affect coordination timing in the grip-lift task. Conversely, for time perception, the low dose of alcohol improved temporal discrimination. Caffeine produced no effects on any of the timing tasks, despite significantly reducing reaction times. CONCLUSIONS: The effects of alcohol argue against a common clock process underlying time interval perception and production in the range below 1 s. In contrast to reaction time measures, time perception and time production appear relatively insensitive to caffeine.     

Longitudinal neonatal brain development and socio-demographic correlates of infant outcomes following preterm birth

Preterm birth results in premature exposure of the brain to the extrauterine environment during a critical period of neurodevelopment. Consequently, infants born preterm are at a heightened risk of adverse behavioural outcomes in later life. We characterise longitudinal development of neonatal regional brain volume and functional connectivity in the first weeks following preterm birth, sociodemographic factors, and their respective relationships to psychomotor outcomes and psychopathology in toddlerhood. We study 121 infants born preterm who underwent magnetic resonance imaging shortly after birth, at term-equivalent age, or both. Longitudinal regional brain volume and functional connectivity were modelled as a function of psychopathology and psychomotor outcomes at 18 months. Better psychomotor functioning in toddlerhood was associated with greater relative right cerebellar volume and a more rapid decrease over time of sensorimotor degree centrality in the neonatal period. In contrast, increased 18-month psychopathology was associated with a more rapid decrease in relative regional subcortical volume. Furthermore, while socio-economic deprivation was related to both psychopathology and psychomotor outcomes, cognitively stimulating parenting predicted psychopathology only. Our study highlights the importance of longitudinal imaging to better predict toddler outcomes following preterm birth, as well as disparate environmental influences on separable facets of behavioural development in this population.     

抑郁障碍患者精神运动性迟滞与血浆G-CSF、M-CSF水平的相关性

背景抑郁障碍的发病机制与神经炎症密切相关,且异质性高,细化亚型有助于明确抑郁障碍的生物标志物。精神运动性迟滞严重影响抑郁障碍转归,但其机制尚不清楚。既往研究提示,粒细胞集落刺激因子（G-CSF）和巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（M-CSF）可能参与伴精神运动性迟滞的抑郁障碍发生过程,但目前研究不足。目的 分析抑郁障碍患者G-CSF和M-CSF水平与精神运动性迟滞的相关性,探索伴精神运动性迟滞抑郁障碍的潜在生物学特征。方法 纳入2018年4月―2019年4月在上海市精神卫生中心门诊就诊、符合《精神障碍诊断与统计手册（第5版）》（DSM-5）诊断标准的50例抑郁障碍患者为研究对象。采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表17项版（HAMD-17）评定抑郁障碍严重程度。根据HAMD-17迟滞因子评分对患者分组：该因子评分≥8分者为迟滞组（n=22）,<8分者为无迟滞组（n=28）。同期招募与患者组年龄和性别相匹配的健康对照组共22例。使用Luminex液相悬浮芯片技术检测所有受试者血浆G-CSF和M-CSF水平。采用Spearman相关分析考查抑郁障碍患者HAMD-17迟滞因子评分与血浆G-CSF和M-CSF水平的...