电子病历模板的设计应用简

电子病历是医院信息系统建设的重要组成部分,电子病历系统构建的基础是电子病历模板,而大量创新性电子病历模板又将电子病历系统提高到崭新的高度,因此电子病历模板的设计与应用是电子病历系统建设成败的关键.本文初步探讨电子病历模板的构建及其功能扩展后的应用,明确其设计实施方案为医生确立示范病历,软件公司进行分析,双方配合完成电子病历模板制作与优化,应用过程中实现其功能性扩展,其结果总体收到事半功倍的效果.通过规范构建电子病历模板,研发实施运行其扩展功能,提高医疗服务质量.     

反刍动物小肽的营养研究进展

肽作为蛋白质的主要消化产物，在氨基酸消化、吸收和代谢中起着重要作用。本文通过对反刍动物小肽的产生与降解、小肽的吸收与营养以及肽的调控技术等方面情况的综述，勾画出了当前反刍动物营养学研究领域内肽营养的研究现状与发展方向。     

抗人间日疟原虫单克隆抗体的产生和筛选

作者用Percoll密度梯度离心法自患者血液中分离出原虫,作为全虫颗粒抗原,免疫BALB/c小鼠,取脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞,进行了两批融合试验,均获成功。融合率分别为44。27及91.64％,抗体阳性率分别为9.41及19.84％。通过克隆化培养,已初步筛选出25株分泌抗人间日疟红内期原虫单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞。     

野山参的来源、形态、产地、类别及鉴别

野山参的发现距今有4000年历史,我国最早的药学专著《神农本草经》记载,人参的功能为"补五脏、安精神、定魂魄、止惊悸、除邪气、明目、开心益智,久服轻身延年。"将人参列为最佳补品。自汉代以后,人参即被列为珍贵药材,广泛用于治疗各种疾病。近代的人参化学成分和药理作用都是应用人工栽培的园参进行化学检测的。野山参的近代研究报道较少,仅仅略知其与园参化学成分相近,少数成分含量差异较大,这正是野山参的独特作用所在。目前我国科学工作者从人参中分离出人参皂苷30余种,如Ra1、Ra2、Rb1、Rb2、Rb3、Ro、Rd、Rg1、Rg2等,检测证明,野山参的含量都数倍于人工栽培的园参。这些有效成分对治疗心肌供氧不足,心肌梗死,有明显效果,它的强心作用,可用于抢救心源性和失血性休克。同时,人参皂苷有促智作用,可抗老年痴呆症。     

Curvilinear increase in methanol concentration after inhibition of oxidation by ethanol: significance for the investigation of endogenous methanol concentration and formation

Endogenous methanol production was assessed over a period of 5 h in subjects given an infusion of ethanol to inhibit methanol oxidation in the liver after a period of fasting and abstinence from alcohol. Ethanol was administered to each of five subjects at rates of 0.35 g/kg per hour and 0.70 g/kg per hour. The rise in methanol concentration was biphasic regardless of the rate of ethanol administration, with a steeper gradient in the first 10–30 min. This may be due to the existence of a deep compartment from which methanol can be displaced by ethanol. This could take the form of loose binding of methanol to the hepatic oxidation enzymes as an enzyme-substrate complex, or a shift of the oxidation-reduction equilibrium between methanol and formaldehyde. The biphasic nature of the increase, with an initial steeper rise, means that the values obtained in the first 30 min should be excluded from the calculations when the rate of endogenous methanol production is determined by linear regression analysis. Endogenous methanol concentrations to be taken into account after ethanol administration are on average 0.4–0.6 mg/kg higher than those detectable in the absence of ethanol due to the additional method displaced from the deep compartment. Received: 20 January 1997 / Received in revised form: 7 August 1997     

The biological significance of platelet volume: its relationship to bleeding time, platelet thromboxane B2 production and megakaryocyte nuclear DNA concentration

Bleeding time, platelet thromboxane B2 production and megakaryocyte nuclear DNA concentration were measured in rabbits recovering from thrombocytopenia caused by a single injection of anti-platelet serum. Similar measurements were made on rabbits in a steady state of normal platelet production. The effects of a sustained state of thrombocytopenia on megakaryocyte DNA concentration were investigated by repeated daily injections of anti-platelet serum. It is shown that bleeding time depends on both platelet count and mean platelet volume. Furthermore changes in mean platelet volume appear to play a more important role in haemostasis than changes in platelet count. The mean megakaryocyte nuclear DNA concentration is significantly increased after 24 hours of thrombocytopenia and continues to increase as thrombocytopenia is sustained. Thromboxane B2 production/unit volume of platelet is increased in platelets produced after 24 hours of thrombocytopenia compared with platelets produced in normal steady state function. As a consequence platelets produced in response to thrombocytopenia not only have a larger mean platelet volume but are also more reactive. Mean platelet volume, as well as platelet count, should be considered as an index of haemostasis and its dysfunction, thrombosis.     

The production and aromatization of dehydroepiandrosterone in post-menopausal women

Using infusions of [³H]dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and [¹⁴C]oestrogens, the metabolic clearance rates (MCR^D) and blood production rates (P_B^D) of DHEA and the rate of aromatization of DHEA to oestrone and oestradiol were measured in 7 normal post-menopausal women.The mean ± SEM value for MCR^D was 1850 ± 270 1/day and for P_B^D was 3.2 ± 0.6 mg/day. The MCR^D value is similar to those reported for young women but P_B^D is less than those reported for younger women.The mean ±sem value for the aromatization rate of DHEA to E₁ in 6 women was 0.0058 ±0.004 and in 1 woman the aromatization rate of DHEA to E₂ was 0.0008. About 30% of the aromatization of DHEA to E₁ occurred via the blood pool of androstenedione. However, 20–25% of E₁ arose via the aromatization of DHEA to E₁ in peripheral tissues without the intermediacy of the blood pool of androstenedione, and thus the peripheral aromatization of DHEA can be an important source of E₁ in some women.     

Comparison of the effects of different drying techniques on properties of granules and tablets made on a production scale

The aims of this study were to compare the properties of granules prepared in a high-shear granulator and dried by using different methods (fluid-bed and microwave-vacuum drying) and to compare the properties of tablets pressed from such granules. Experiments on a production scale were performed with Collette Ultima Pro 600 single-pot processing equipment and a Glatt WSG 200 fluid-bed granulator and drier. The particles granulated in the traditional high-shear granulator and dried in a vacuum chamber had a higher porosity and higher bulk and tapped densities, as a consequence of the special characteristics of the drying process. They retained their spherical form, in contrast with the particles dried via the fluid-bed technology. The two types of granules required different compressing forces for tabletting.     

国家基本药物制度实施难点分析

目的:为促进国家基本药物制度的落实与保障提供参考。方法:分析基本药物制度实施过程中的难点,重点探讨基本药物的遴选、生产和使用环节。结果:基本药物制度的遴选环节、生产环节、使用环节都存在一些阐述不够细致和不明确的地方,在操作起来都有不少困难和障碍。结论:应在基本药物遴选过程中引入药物经济学,提高遴选的科学性;应制定多种优惠政策,保证基本药物正常生产供应;应出台相关规定,规范医师合理用药。     

Working memory and semantic involvement in sentence processing: a case of pure progressive amnesia

ED, a 83-year-old woman, meets the criteria of pure progressive amnesia, with gradual impairment of episodic and autobiographical memory, sparing of semantic processing and strong working memory (WM) deficit. The dissociation between disturbed WM and spared semantic processing permitted testing the role of WM in processing anaphors like pronouns or repeated names. Results showed a globally normal anaphoric behavior in two experiments requiring anaphoric processing in sentence production and comprehension. We suggest that preserved semantic processing in ED would have compensated for working memory deficit in anaphoric processing.