塞莱昔布超前镇痛在骨科手术的应用

目的研究塞莱昔布超前镇痛与骨科手术术后疼痛、镇痛药物的使用、不良反应以及与外周血前列腺素E2(PGE2)的关系。方法将80例骨科下肢手术病人随机均分为塞莱昔布组(观察组)和安慰药组(对照组),分别于术前1h及此后12、24h给予塞莱昔布或安慰药。采用联合腰麻,术后行病人静脉自控镇痛(PCIA),并行镇痛评估,记录术后镇痛药的总用量,观察不良反应。手术结束时及术后24h各取外周血2ml,检测PGE2浓度。结果两组间手术结束时、术后1、12、24、48hVAS差异无显著意义。但观察组术后2、4、8hVAS显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。观察组术后48h静脉曲马多用量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),且不良反应亦低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组术后24h血清中PGE2浓度显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论塞莱昔布超前镇痛用于骨科手术,能有效缓解术后疼痛,减轻炎症反应,减少术后镇痛药的使用和不良反应。     

头皮冠状切口的并发症及其防治

目的：对采用头皮冠状切口所引发的并发症进行分析，探讨防治策略。方法：对我科2003-01～2006—07应用头皮冠状切口行颅颌面骨折修复重建、颌面部肿瘤切除与缺损修复、先天性颅颌面畸形矫正的221例中发生并发症的40例进行分析总结。结果：18例出现头皮麻木及感觉异常，9例有较宽切口瘢痕，6例出现脱发，4例发生颞窝凹陷，2例发生头皮下血肿，2例出现单侧面神经颞支损伤，1例发生鼻眶区肥厚。结论：头皮冠状切口具有切口隐蔽、面部疤痕不明显，显露充分的优点，但对其并发症也不容忽视。应根据具体情况选择合适的切口类型，术中精细的解剖、神经血管的良好保护以及正确的缝合方法可减少并发症的发生。     

汉语失写症的神经心理学研究及其意义

目的 探讨汉语失写症的神经心理语言学机制以及该研究对于汉语失写症病理行为的康复学意义。方法 采用汉语失语检查法和汉语失写检查法测试口语和书写能力，详细记录患者的书写、失写行为特征，区分言语障碍类型；运用计算机图像处理技术对病灶CT／MRI图像进行标准化、二维叠加、三维重建等处理，并与非失写对照组相减，显示不同失写类型病变的集中趋势。结果 左侧半球损害48例，其中失语30例，失写32例，后者中纯失写1例，失读并失写1例；右侧半球损害15例，其中失语失写3例。具体的资料分析表明：不同的失写类型有不同的病理行为特点。计算机图像处理结果显示：失语性失写病灶较集中的区域为左额顶叶深部白质。惰性失写主要集中在左外侧裂的前方、从额中下回向后部延伸。镜像书写则分散于左丘脑、基底节附近。结论 汉语失写症的病理行为特点与病损定位有密切的关系；双通道理论有可能符合汉语语言学机制；汉语失写症的神经心理学研究对汉语失写康复模式的制定有重要意义。     

Postoperative convalescence after inguinal hernia surgery: Prospective randomized multicenter study of laparoscopic versus Shouldice inguinal hernia repair in 1042 patients

Interest in inguinal hernia surgery has increased significantly with the introduction of new operating techniques during the past decade. This multicenter study compared short-term results in patients treated by the laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal patch technique (TAPP; n=518) and the Shouldice technique (n=524). We evaluated demographics, operative data, complications, hospital stay, postoperative pain, use of analgesics, functional status, sick leave, and complaints up to 3 months postoperatively. The median operating time was shorter in the Shouldice group (55 vs. 65 min), but there were no significant differences in complication rates, and major complications were rare. The hospital stay was 1 day or less in over 98% of cases in both groups, but more operations were performed on outpatient basis in the Shouldice group. In the TAPP group postoperative pain and analgesic consumption were less, postoperative functional status was better, and sick leave was shorter (10 vs. 14 days). These results show that the two methods are equally safe and have few major complications. The TAPP operation is associated with less postoperative pain, better postoperative functional status, and shorter sick leave, but at the price of a longer operating time. Electronic Publication     

Inguinal hernia is a common complication in lower midline incision surgery

Inguinal hernia is a known complication after radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP). We have investigated whether other types of lower midline incision surgery in males increase the risk of inguinal hernia. Male patients operated with open prostatectomy for benign prostate hyperplasia (n = 95), pelvic lymph node dissection for staging of prostate cancer (n = 88), or cystectomy for bladder cancer (n = 76) were identified and were sent questionnaires in which they were asked about postoperative inguinal hernia morbidity. Two-hundred and seventy-one men operated with RRP had previously received a similar questionnaire. The answers were compared with those from a control group of 953 men who had not undergone surgery. Annual attributional hernia morbidity and Kaplan–Meier hernia-free survival were calculated. The cumulative incidence of post-operative inguinal hernia and annual attributional hernia morbidity after the respective surgical procedures were clearly higher during the early years post-operation than for nonoperated patients. Inguinal hernia is a common postoperative complication in males after all the lower midline incision surgery investigated.     

护理干预对2型糖尿病患者康复作用的研究

目的 探讨护理干预在2型糖尿病患康复中的作用。方法 对80例2型糖尿病患，随机分成干预组和对照组，干预组实施全程护理干预，对照组实施常规的治疗护理。结果 干预组血糖控制良好，并发症发生率明显降低。结论 护理干预是2型糖尿病康复治疗的有效方法。     

中药敷脐治疗胸腰椎术后腹胀便秘的效果观察

目的探讨使用大黄厚朴煎剂热敷脐部治疗胸腰椎术后患者腹胀、便秘的疗效。方法选择2005年1月至2006年12月中山大学第二医院骨外科胸腰椎术后出现腹胀便秘的患者80例。分成两组,治疗组用大黄厚朴煎剂热敷脐部;对照组使用开塞露塞肛。观察两组患者肛门排气,排便,腹胀消除及停药复结情况。结果治疗组的总有效率95%,对照组总有效率70%;停药复结情况:治疗组5%,对照组42.5%;腹胀减轻情况:治疗组95%,对照组52.5%。结论大黄厚朴煎剂热敷脐能有效减轻肠胀气,软化大便,对于消除胸腰椎术后患者腹胀便秘明显优于使用开塞露塞肛效果。     

A comparison of two rehabilitation protocols after total knee arthroplasty: does flexion affect mobility and blood loss?

We report a prospective trial comparing the effectveness of a post-operative flexion regime versus a standard extension regime on the early outcome and on the post-operative blood loss of total knee arthroplasty. Fourty-eight knees were divided to two different post-operative rehabilitation regimes: a flexion regime and an extension regime. The two groups were well matched with respect to age, gender, operation side and pre-op diagnosis All patients were implanted with a NexGen cemented total knee prosthesis and all operations were performed by the same surgeon. Patients were assessed pre-operatively, at the time of discharge, at 6 weeks and at 12 weeks, and were evaluated by means of the Knee Society Score (KSS) and the WOMAC score, the Clarkson criteria for range of motion and muscolar strength measurement, and the Verbal Numeric Scale (VNS) for the pain. Futhermore, postoperative blood loss was assessed by comparing the volume of blood in the drain at the time of their removal and measuring the difference in preoperative and postoperative blood haemoglobin (Hb) in the 2 groups. Patients subjected to the flexion regime had a better KSS and Womac score after 12 weeks and had less post-operative blood loss, requiring fewer blood transfusions. No differences were found between the two groups in terms of pain and muscolar strength. We believe a flexion regime after a total knee arthroplasty is a valid option of rehabilitation treatment and does not result in an increase in wound problems.     

对冠心病患者实施康复护理的现状与进展

众所周知，在大多数国家中，冠心病已经成为普遍存在的发病率较高的疾病和主要的致死疾病之一。对冠心病的主要危险因素调查通过康复护理治疗，有效的社区普及卫生教育，同时对高危个体进行目标跟踪管理，这三者相结合形成了一个有效的治疗监督手段。     

股骨干骨折交锁髓内针内固定术后局部出现骨化性肌炎5例

股骨干骨折交锁髓内针固定术后局部出现骨化性肌炎(Myositis ossificans)鲜有报道,我科自2003年1月-2005年9月共发生5例,报告如下。1临床资料切开复位交锁髓内针内固定治疗股骨干骨折患者61例,术后均放置引流管(24～72h拔管)。术后发生局部骨化性肌炎的5例,均为男性,年龄22～46