不同促排卵方案在多囊卵巢行体外受精-胚胎移植患者中的效果及对相关指标的影响

目的比较不同促排卵方案在多囊卵巢体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)患者中的效果及对相关指标表达的影响。方法选取56例多囊卵巢IVF-ET患者,随机分为A组(传统长效促性腺激素释放激素激动剂组)28例和B组(来曲唑组)28例。比较2组的促性腺激素(Gn)量、Gn时间、窦卵泡数、受精率、妊娠率、OHSS发生率及不同时间的抗苗勒氏管激素(AMH)水平、性激素水平。结果 B组的Gn量小于A组,Gn时间短于A组,窦卵泡数、受精率及妊娠率均高于A组,OHSS发生率低于A组,不同时间的AMH水平均高于A组,HCG日B组血清LH高于A组,血清E_2低于A组,移植日B组血清P低于A组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论来曲唑在多囊卵巢IVF-ET患者中的效果较好,患者相关指标的表达状态也更好。     

GnRH-α反向添加疗法对子宫内膜异位症术患者性激素水平的影响研究

目的:分析GnRH-α反向添加疗法对性子宫内膜异位症手术患者的性激素水平及性欲的影响,为子宫内膜异位症手术患者术后临床症状改善及性激素分泌平衡维持治疗选择方案提供治疗参考。方法:选择2013年2月至2016年2月我院收治的56例行子宫内膜异位症手术患者作为研究对象,将其采用数字随机表法分为对照组和试验组,每组28例。对照组术后予以常规治疗,试验组患者在常规治疗的基础上再予以GnRH-α反向添加疗法。两组患者均连续治疗6个月。分别比较两组患者术前、术后1周、术后4周、2个月、6个月的雌二醇、黄体酮及睾酮水平;比较两组患者术后4周和8周更年期症状评分(改良Kupperman评分)、潮热、情绪波动、腹痛发生率;比较两组患者术后6个月性欲减退发生率。结果:试验组与对照组治疗前、术后1周雌二醇、睾酮明显高于正常值,卵泡期黄体酮明显高于正常值,组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);术后经药物治疗4周、6个月后,两组患者的雌二醇、卵泡期黄体酮及睾酮水平均有明显降低(P0.05),但试验组上述指标明显低于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。试验组治疗4周、8周后潮热、情绪波动、腹痛发生率明显低于对照组患者(P0.05),Kupperman评分均明显低于对照组(P0.05)。两组治疗6个月后,试验组性欲减退发生率14.29%(4/28),明显低于对照组32.14%(9/28),(χ~2=11.214,P=0.000)。结论:GnRH-α反向添加疗法对改善子宫内膜异位症手术患者术后性激素水平疗效确切,对患者术后6个月性欲影响较小,具有较高的临床价值。     

Developmental changes in cellular and extracellular structural macromolecules in the secondary palate and in the nasal cavity of the mouse

Vaziri Sani F, Kaartinen V, El Shahawy M, Linde A, Gritli‐Linde A. Developmental changes in cellular and extracellular structural macromolecules in the secondary palate and nasal cavity of the mouse. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 221–236. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation© 2010 Eur J Oral Sci The aim of this study was to analyse the hitherto largely unknown expression patterns of some specific cellular and extracellular molecules during palate and nasal cavity development. We showed that epithelia of the developing palate and the vomerine epithelium express similar sets of structural proteins. With the exception of keratin 15, which becomes barely detectable in the elevated palatal shelves, nearly all of these proteins become upregulated at the presumptive areas of fusion and in the adhering epithelia of the palate and nasal septum. In vivo and in vitro analyses indicated that reduction in the amount of keratin 15 protein is independent of Tgfβ–Alk5 signalling. Foxa1 expression also highlighted the regionalization of the palatal and nasal epithelia. Owing to the lack of reliable markers of the palatal periderm, the fate of peridermal cells has been controversial. We identified LewisX/stage‐specific embryonic antigen‐1 as a specific peridermal marker, and showed that numerous peridermal cells remain trapped in the medial epithelial seam (MES). The fate of these cells is probably apoptosis together with the rest of the MES cells, as we provided strong evidence for this event. Heparan sulphate, chondroitin‐6‐sulphate, and versican displayed dynamically changing distribution patterns. The hitherto‐unknown innervation pattern of the developing palate was revealed. These findings may be of value for unravelling the pathogenesis of palatal clefting.     

Acetaminophen safety and hepatotoxicity – where do we go from here?

The role of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in the health of middle-aged women has come a full circle. HRT has been widely accepted as the treatment of choice for the management of menopausal symptoms. However, the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) and other recent randomised controlled trials have failed to confirm beliefs of other potential benefits in reducing the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke. Indeed, early increases in cardiac event and stroke rate have been seen in women taking combination HRT. An increased risk of breast cancer diagnosis has also been confirmed in HRT users. The use of HRT now needs to be regarded as a short-term therapy for menopausal symptom management with treatment individualised for each woman.     

Anti-Müllerian Hormone in Female Adolescent Cancer Patients Before,During, and After Completion of Therapy: A Pilot Feasibility Study

Study ObjectiveAlkylating agents are implicated in premature ovarian insufficiency. To optimize counseling regarding future ovarian function in survivors of adolescent cancer, we describe anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels in female adolescents at diagnosis, during, and shortly after completion of chemotherapy.Design, Setting, Participants, Interventions, and Main Outcome MeasuresThis was a prospective single-institution study. Participants were a mixed population of newly diagnosed postmenarchal female adolescents with malignancy. AMH was performed at diagnosis (T1), 6 months from diagnosis (T2), at end of therapy or 12 months [T3, whichever came first], 1 year after the end of therapy or 24 months from diagnosis [T4, whichever came first], and 18 months from the time of diagnosis (T5). All patients had baseline pelvic ultrasound examinations. Presence of menses and hot flashes were recorded at each time point.ResultsSixteen participants with a median age at diagnosis of 14.3 years (range 12-17 years) were followed for 18.2 months (range, 14-24 months). Oncology diagnoses included leukemia, lymphoma, and sarcoma. Ten patients (62.5%) received alkylating agents with a median cumulative dose of 3041 mg/m² (range, 2639-6478 mg/m²) of cyclophosphamide. Almost half (n = 7; 44%) experienced amenorrhea during treatment with resumption of menses in 6 of 7 patients (85%). Fifteen of 16 (94%) participants showed a decline in mean AMH levels by 6 months (T2) from diagnosis (15.8 IU/mL at T1 vs 6.5 IU/mL at T2; P = .003) and 12 of 15 (80%) showed at least some recovery of AMH (mean AMH at T4 = 13.2 IU/mL compared with 6.5 IU/mL at T2; P = .02). There was no difference in the mean decline nor recovery of AMH in those who did, vs did not receive cyclophosphamide.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the largest series to date in adolescents showing that AMH is uniformly suppressed during cancer therapy and short-term recovery occurs in just more than half of the patients by 18-24 months. The contribution of short-term AMH measurements in predicting long-term ovarian function remains to be defined. Long-term follow-up with serial AMH levels is required to help predict those at risk for premature ovarian insufficiency.     

Polycystic ovary syndrome: Understanding the role of the brain

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder and the leading cause of anovulatory infertility. Characterised by hyperandrogenism, menstrual dysfunction and polycystic ovaries, PCOS is a broad-spectrum disorder unlikely to stem from a single common origin. Although commonly considered an ovarian disease, the brain is now a prime suspect in both the ontogeny and pathology of PCOS. We discuss here the neuroendocrine impairments present in PCOS that implicate involvement of the brain and review evidence gained from pre-clinical models of the syndrome about the specific brain circuitry involved. In particular, we focus on the impact that developmental androgen excess and adult hyperandrogenemia have in programming and regulating brain circuits important in the central regulation of fertility. The studies discussed here provide compelling support for the importance of the brain in PCOS ontogeny and pathophysiology and highlight the need for a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved.     

米非司酮治疗子宫内膜异位症对性激素及血清炎症因子水平影响研究

目的:探讨米非司酮对子宫内膜异位症患者的性激素及血清炎症因子的影响。方法:选取2014年3月至2016年2月我院收治的子宫内膜异位症患者96例为研究对象,随机分为治疗组与对照组,治疗组患者给与米非司酮治疗,对照组患者给与丹那唑治疗,对比两组患者治疗前后性激素卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)水平变化,并检测血清炎性因子白介素-4(IL-4)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白介素-8(IL-8)水平。结果:与治疗前对比,治疗组与对照组患者的FSH、LH水平明显升高,E2水平明显降低,且治疗后,治疗组患者的FSH及LH明显低于对照组,E2明显高于对照组(P0.05);治疗前两组患者的IL-4、TNG-α、hs-CRP及IL-8对比无显著差异(P0.05),与治疗前对比,治疗后治疗组与对照组患者的IL-4、TNG-α、hs-CRP及IL-8水平均明显降低,且治疗后与对照组对比,治疗组患者的IL-4、TNG-α、hs-CRP及IL-8水平降低更明显(P0.05)。结论:米非司酮治疗子宫内膜异位症能够明显改善性激素及血清炎症因子水平,对治疗疾病具有积极作用。