高甘油三酯对去卵巢大鼠股骨RANKL/OPG mRNA表达的影响

目的:探讨高甘油三酯(TG)对去卵巢大鼠股骨核因子-κB受体活化因子配体/护骨素(RANKL/OPG)mRNA表达的影响及非诺贝特的作用。方法:将3月龄雌性SD大鼠40只,用果糖饲养复制高TG模型,大鼠分为4组:(1)去卵巢+果糖组;(2)去卵巢+果糖+非诺贝特(FF)组;(3)去卵巢+普食组;(4)假手术+果糖组。12周后取股骨检测RANKL/OPG mRNA表达水平。结果:(1)去卵巢+果糖组的TG水平高于去卵巢+普食组(P0.01),也高于去卵巢+果糖+FF组(P0.01);(2)去卵巢+果糖组RANKL/OPG mRNA水平,均高于去卵巢+果糖+FF组、去卵巢+普食组和假手术+果糖组(P0.01或P0.05)。结论:高果糖饮食可以诱导去卵巢大鼠形成高甘油三酯血症,后者使股骨组织中RANKL/OPG mRNA增加;非诺贝特可降低TG,保持RANKL/OPG mRNA的平衡。     

葛根素预防雌激素缺乏性骨质疏松的机制探讨

目的观察葛根素对去卵巢大鼠股骨骨密度、颌骨骨密度和血清中肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、C反应蛋白(CRP)及雌二醇(E2)水平的影响。方法 3月龄雌性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(sham group)、单纯去势组(OVX group)、去势+雌二醇治疗组(OVX-estrogen group)和去势+葛根素治疗组(OVX-puerarin group)。给药3个月后测量各组大鼠股骨和颌骨骨密度,血清中TNF-α和CRP及雌二醇(E2)水平。结果 OVX-puerarin组较sham组体重明显增加(P<0.01);较OVX-estrogen组的TNF-α(P<0.01)、CRP(P<0.05)及E2(P<0.01)水平显著下降;其下颌骨和股骨远端骨密度与OVX组、sham组之间无显著性差异,但其股骨近端骨密度较OVX-estrogen组明显增加(P<0.05)。结论葛根素作为抗炎因子,能够显著降低TNF-α和CRP的水平,但并不会提高雌激素的水平;葛根素对卵巢切除所致的骨质疏松症有一定的治疗作用,但会明显提高机体体重。     

葛根素对去卵巢大鼠下丘脑ERβ、GnRH阳性神经元表达的影响

目的观察葛根素是否对去卵巢大鼠血雌二醇(E2)水平改变及对下丘脑弓状核(ARC)ER、GnRH阳性神经元表达具有雌激素样作用。方法通过不同剂量葛根素液、倍美力溶液、灌胃去卵巢大鼠7周,观察大鼠血雌二醇(E2)水平变化,并用ABC免疫组化法观察大鼠下丘脑弓状核ERβ、GnRH阳性神经元表达的光密度值(AOD)变化。结果葛根素高低剂量组较倍美力组血清E2水平和ERβ、GnRH阳性神经元表达虽有减少,但无显著差异(P>0.05);较造模组有显著上升(P<0.01);两组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论葛根素能上调血E2水平和下丘脑弓状核内ERβ、GnRH阳性神经元表达,以此调节内分泌水平,进一步发挥药理作用。     

Curcuma comosa improves learning and memory function on ovariectomized rats in a long-term Morris water maze test

Aim of the study

Curcuma comosa extract and some purified compounds from this plant have been reported to have estrogenic-like effects, and estrogen improves learning in some animals and potentially in postmenopausal women; therefore, this study tested the hypothesis that Curcuma comosa and estrogen have similar beneficial effects on spatial learning and memory.

Materials and methods

Curcuma comosa hexane extract, containing 0.165 mg of (4E,6E)-1,7-diphenylhepta-4,6-dien-3-one per mg of the crude extract, was orally administered to ovariectomized Wistar rats at the doses of 250 or 500 mg/kg body weight. 17β-estradiol (10 μg/kg body weight, subcutaneously) was used as a positive control. Thirty days after the initiation of treatment, animals were tested in a Morris water maze for spatial learning and memory. They were re-tested every 30 days and a final probe trial was run on day 119.

Results

Compared to control rats, OVX rats displayed significant memory impairment for locating the platform in the water maze from day 67 after the surgery, onward. In contrast, OVX rats treated with either Curcuma comosa or estrogen were significantly protected from this decline in cognitive function. Further, the protection of cognitive effects by Curcuma comosa was larger at higher dose.

Conclusions

These results suggest that long-term treatment with Curcuma comosa has beneficial effects on learning and memory function in rats.     

强筋壮骨丸对去卵巢大鼠骨转换指标和骨密度的影响

目的:观察强筋壮骨丸对去卵巢大鼠骨转换指标和骨密度的影响。方法:取12周龄SD雌性大鼠40只,随机分为A、B、C、D 4组,每组10只,A组行假手术,其余3组行双侧卵巢摘除术,术后饲养12周后,再治疗12周,测定血清中BGP、CT、AKP、Ca和P的含量;以双能X线骨密度测定仪测定骨密度。结果:强筋壮骨丸组血清中BGP、CT水平及骨密度明显高于模型组。结论:强筋壮骨丸能提高血清激素BGP、CT水平,增加骨密度,抑制骨吸收,促进骨形成,具有治疗骨质疏松症的作用。     

The Advantage of Alfacalcidol Over Vitamin D in the Treatment of Osteoporosis

Although alfacalcidol is widely used in the treatment of osteoporosis, its mechanism of action in bone is not fully understood. Alfacalcidol stimulates intestinal calcium (Ca) absorption, increases urinary Ca excretion and serum Ca levels, and suppresses parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion. It remains to be clarified, especially under vitamin D-replete conditions, whether alfacalcidol exerts skeletal effects solely via these Ca-related effects, whether the resultant suppression of PTH is a prerequisite for the skeletal actions of alfacalcidol, and, by inference, whether alfacalcidol has an advantage over vitamin D in the treatment of osteoporosis. To address these issues, we (1) compared the effects of alfacalcidol p.o. (0.025–0.1 μg/kg BW) vis-à-vis vitamin D₃ (50–400 μg/kg BW) on bone loss in 8-month-old, ovariectomized (OVX) rats as a function of their Ca-related effects, and (2) examined whether the skeletal effects of alfacalcidol occur independently of suppression of PTH, using parathyroidectomized (PTX) rats continuously infused with hPTH(1–34). The results indicate that (1) in OVX rats, alfacalcidol increases BMD and bone strength more effectively than vitamin D₃ at given urinary and serum Ca levels: larger doses of vitamin D₃ are required to produce a similar BMD-increasing effect, in the face of hypercalcemia and compromised bone quality; (2) at doses that maintain serum Ca below 10 mg/dl, alfacalcidol suppresses urinary deoxypyridinoline excretion more effectively than vitamin D₃; and (3) alfacalcidol is capable of increasing bone mass in PTX rats with continuous infusion of PTH, and therefore acts independently of PTH levels. It is suggested that alfacalcidol exerts bone-protective effects independently of its Ca-related effects, and is in this respect superior to vitamin D₃, and that the skeletal actions of alfacalcidol take place, at least in part, independently of suppression of PTH. Together, these results provide a rationale for the clinical utility of alfacalcidol and its advantage over vitamin D₃ in the treatment of osteoporosis.     

Effects of Promethazine on Bone Mass and on Bone Remodeling in Ovariectomized Rats: A Morphometric, Densitometric, and Histomorphometric Experimental Study

The effect of promethazine on bone is debated. We studied the effect of promethazine on bone and the mechanism of action involved by densitometric and histomorphometric measurements in female Wistar rats (100 days old, mean weight 25 ± 20 g). A control group of 15 rats was not manipulated. An experimental group of 15 rats were ovariectomized (OVX) at 100 days of life and fed a diet supplemented with 4.8 mg/kg promethazine hydrochloride (OVX + Prom). The group that underwent OVX and a group of 15 rats that underwent sham ovariectomy (Sham-OVX) were not treated with promethazine. After 30 days, all the rats were killed. Their femur and 5th lumbar vertebra were dissected and cleaned of soft tissue. Femoral length and vertebral height were measured with a caliper and bones were weighed on a precision balance. The bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) of the whole right femurs and 5th lumbar vertebras were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Trabecular bone volume (Cn-BV-TV%), trabecular number (Tb-N mm⁻¹), trabecular thickness (Tb-Th μm), and trabecular separation (Tb-Sp μm) were measured in the femurs by histomorphometric study of nondecalcified bone. Our results showed that promethazine significantly inhibited postovariectomy loss of bone mass (P < 0.0001) by significantly reducing bone resorption, as shown by the smaller trabecular spaces observed in the treated OVX rats (P < 0.0001). Received: 1 June 1998 / Accepted: 17 February 1999     

骨疏康对卵巢切除大鼠骨质量及基因表达的影响

为进一步探讨骨疏康防治骨质疏松的作用机理。方法将２７只３月龄Ｗｉｓｔａｒ雌性大鼠随机分为三组：假手术组、卵巢切除术、骨疏康组。给药后１２周同时处死。取大鼠血、尿检测骨代谢生化指标,取得骨或腰椎测量骨密度,骨形态计量学参数、骨生物力学参数,取股骨和胫骨,测定骨粘连蛋白ｍＲＮＡ表达。     

中药骨康对去势大鼠骨矿含量和骨密度的影响

本实验旨在观察骨康口服液对通过切除卵巢诱发的绝经后骨质疏松症大鼠模型骨矿含量(BMC)和骨密度(BMD)的影响。通过双能X线扫描．结果显示：给药3个月时骨康组大鼠胫骨干骺端处的BMC和BMD显著高于造模组;骨康高、低剂量组与阳性对照组无显著差异。提示骨康和尼尔雌醇均可显著提高去势大鼠胫骨干骺端处的BMC和BMD．二者作用相当,且BMC和BMD的变化较一致。     

加味左归饮对去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠下丘脑雌激素α受体的影响

目的观察加味左归饮对绝经后骨质疏松大鼠下丘脑雌激素受体α(ERα)及其基因表达的影响.方法 以切除卵巢的雌性大鼠作为骨质疏松的动物模型,将大鼠分为假手术组、模型组、阳性对照组和加味左归饮低、中、高剂量组,用免疫组织化学方法和原位杂交方法检测下丘脑ERα及其mRNA表达.结果模型组ERα受体及其mRNA阳性细胞与假手术组比较显著减少;而加味左归饮能够提高去卵巢后下丘脑ERα及其mRNA阳性细胞数.结论加味左归饮可通过增加去卵巢大鼠下丘脑ERα表达以增强雌激素的生物效应.