腹腔镜下经腹部和后矢状路联合修补术后复发性直肠尿道瘘和直肠阴道瘘

目的介绍腹腔镜下经腹部和后矢状路联合手术治疗直肠肛门手术后复发性直肠尿道瘘和直肠阴道瘘。方法5例术后多次复发性直肠尿道瘘或直肠阴道瘘患儿，男3例，女2例，年龄3～13岁。腹部在腹腔镜下游离结肠，远端尽可能从骶前向盆腔分离肠管，近端肠管游离保证正常结肠能无张力拖至肛门处吻合。低位盆腔肠管分离通过后矢状位切口（肛缘后上1cm），正中切开直肠后壁，直肠内剥离黏膜至齿状线，直视下修补瘘口，近端切断结肠，将正常结肠拖出与肛门吻合。结果所有患儿排便功能良好，仅1例有轻度污粪，未见瘘管复发。结论腹腔镜下经腹部和后矢状路游离结肠、直肠，创伤小，视野清晰，避开了粘连紧密的瘘管分离，完整结肠拖出避免了瘘管的复发，后矢状路直肠切开能直视下显示并修补瘘管。     

腹腔镜胆总管切开探查取石46例报告

目的探讨腹腔镜胆总管切开探查取石、胆总管一期缝合的可行性及其微创价值。方法回顾分析我院46例腹腔镜胆总管切开探查取石的临床资料。腹腔镜下完成手术44例,其中胆总管切开探查取石胆总管一期缝合24例,胆总管切开探查取石胆总管T管引流20例;中转开腹胆总管切开取石T管引流2例。结果手术中无副损伤。手术后无胆漏及其它并发症发生。所有病例是治愈出院。32例术后随访3～12个月,未发现残余结石及胆道狭窄。结论腹腔镜胆总管切开探查取石、胆总管一期缝合是可行的,而且具有极大的微创优势。     

Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding for patients with body mass index of ≤35 kg/m

BACKGROUND: Many mild-to-moderately obese individuals (body mass index [BMI] 30-35 kg/m(2)) have serious diseases related to their obesity. Nonoperative therapy is ineffective in the long term, yet surgery has never been made widely available to this population. METHODS: Between 1996 and 2004, 93 patients with a BMI of 30-35 kg/m(2) underwent laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding with the LAP-BAND. All patients were referred by their primary physician, entered into a comprehensive bariatric surgery program at one Australian center, and operated on by one surgeon. Data on all patients were collected prospectively and entered into an electronic registry. The study parameters included preoperative age, gender, BMI, presence of co-morbidities, percentage of excess weight loss, and resolution of co-morbidities. RESULTS: The mean age was 44.6 years (range 16-76), mean weight was 98 kg, and the mean BMI was 32.7 kg/m(2) (range 30-34). Of the 93 patients, 42 (45%) had co-morbidities, including asthma, diabetes, hypertension, and sleep apnea. The proportion of patients in follow-up was 79%, 85%, and 89% at 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively. The mean weight was reduced to 71 kg at 1 year, 72 kg at 2 years, and 72 kg at 3 years. The mean BMI was reduced to 27.2 +/- 2.2, 27.3 +/- 3.1, and 27.6 +/- 3.7 kg/m(2), respectively, and the mean percentage of excess weight loss was 57.9% +/- 24.5%, 57.6 +/- 29.3%, and 53.8% +/- 32.8% at 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively. At 3 years, the BMI was 18-24 kg/m(2) in 34%, 25-29 kg/m(2) in 51%, and 30-35 kg/m(2) in 10%. At 3 years, the percentage of excess weight loss was <25% in 10%, 25-50% in 24%, 50-75% in 51%, and >75% in 10%. The co-morbidities improved or completely resolved in most patients. No mortality occurred. CONCLUSION: We are very encouraged by this series of low BMI patients treated with the LAP-BAND. Their weight loss has been good, the complications have been minimal, and the co-morbidities have partially or wholly resolved. With additional study, it is reasonable to expect the weight guidelines for bariatric surgery to be altered to include patients with a BMI of 30-35 kg/m(2).     

Surgical Complications and Long-Term Outcome of Different Biliary Reconstructions in Liver Transplantation for Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis—Choledochoduodenostomy versus Choledochojejunostomy

Choledochojejunostomy (CJS) is commonly used for biliary reconstruction in liver transplantation for primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). We alternatively performed choledochoduodenostomy (CDS) and side-to-side choledochodocholedochstomy in a large cohort of patients. Fifty-one patients with PSC, transplanted between 1988 and 2000, were analyzed retrospectively. Biliary reconstruction was CDS in 25 (49%), CJS in 20 (39%) and CC in 6 transplantations (12%). Biliary leaks occurred in the early follow-up (< or =41 days) only in CDS patients (20%). However, in the late follow-up (>4 months), stricturing of anastomosis was found once in CDS (4%) and CJS (5%). Later (>9 months), intrahepatic bile duct strictures were diagnosed in four CDS (16%), one CJS (5%) and one CC (17%) patient(s). In 48% of CDS (12/25), 60% of CJS (12/20) and 17% of CC (1/6) at least one incidence of cholangitis was observed. Overall, biliary complication rates were significantly higher in CDS (40%) than CJS (10%) and CC (17%); of those none in CC and 12% in CDS were anastomosis-related. Graft/patient survival showed no significant differences among groups. Based on our results we consider CJS the standard method for biliary reconstruction in PSC; however, in selected cases where CJS is difficult to accomplish because of previous surgery or for retransplantation, CDS may present an alternative technique.     

胰腺导管癌中血管生成、细胞增殖指数、DNA倍性检测的临床意义

目的:探讨血管生成、细胞增殖指数、DNA倍性在胰腺导管癌发生、发展中的作用及临床意义。方法:对29例胰腺导管癌和7例慢性胰腺炎患者的石蜡包埋标本作苏木精鄄伊红(HE)染色,CD34、Ki67免疫组织化学染色,镜下计算微血管密度(MVD)及Ki67阳性细胞比例,同时用流式细胞仪(FCM)检测细胞核DNA倍性,计算异倍体出现率及S期比例,并结合临床病理资料对各项指标作相关分析。结果:胰腺导管癌和慢性胰腺炎都有较多的新生血管。MVD值在胰腺导管癌高、中、低分化3组之间差异无显著性。按肿瘤直径分为≤1.5cm、1.6～2.9cm、≥3cm3组,此3组间MVD值、Ki67阳性细胞百分率、DNA异倍体出现率及肿瘤周围有无浸润的差异都非常显著(P<0.01)。肿瘤越大,MVD值、Ki67阳性细胞百分率及DNA异倍体出现率越高。结论:胰腺导管癌的发生、发展伴血管生成和DNA合成增加,联合测定MVD、Ki67阳性细胞百分率、DNA倍型可能为胰腺导管癌临床预后预测提供辅助参考指标。     

腹腔镜手术时乌司他丁对肝肾功能的保护作用

目的观察腹腔镜手术前后肝肾功能的变化，评价应用乌司他丁（UTI）的治疗效果。方法60例择期行腹腔镜手术的患者随机分为两组。U组：UTI治疗组，在手术前和术后第1、2、3天给予UTI20万U静滴；C组给予等量生理盐水静滴。比较两组肝肾功能和促炎性细胞因子的变化。结果两组患者术后第1、3天谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）和血肌酐（Cr）较术前均明显升高（P〈0．05），U组升高程度明显低于C组（P〈0．05），第5天两组ALT、AST和Cr均恢复至术前水平（P〉0．05）；术毕、术后第1、3天C组肿瘤坏死因子（TNT-α）、白细胞介素（IL）-6和IL-8较术前显著升高（P〈0．05），术后第5天恢复至术前水平，U组则无明显变化。结论乌司他丁对腹腔镜手术时肝肾功能具有保护作用。     

Future perspectives and research initiatives in fast-track surgery

Background and aims Major surgery is still followed by a risk of morbidity, a need for hospitalisation and convalescence. Fast-track surgery has been introduced as a coordinated effort to combine unimodal evidence-based principles of care into a multi-modal effort to enhance recovery. The aim of this article was to update recent data on fast-track abdominal surgery and outline future strategies for research.Results The data from fast-track colonic resection support the validity of the concept because pain, ileus, cardiopulmonary function and muscle function were all improved, compared with traditional treatment and with reduced post-operative fatigue and convalescence. Although less data is available, similar positive results may be achieved in other types of major surgery. Current research initiatives include improved multi-modal non-opioid analgesia, rational principles for perioperative fluid management, pharmacological reduction of surgical stress responses and the role of laparoscopic procedures within the fast-track concept.Conclusions Fast-track surgery has evolved as a valid concept to improve post-operative outcome. Further progress may be expected based upon intensified research within perioperative pathophysiology and a multi-disciplinary collaboration between surgeons, anaesthesiologists and surgical nurses.     

Laparoscopic subtotal gastric resection for chronic gastric ulcers.

OBJECTIVES: We analyzed our experience with the laparoscopic approach for treating benign gastric lesions. METHODS: Between June 1998 and June 2002, we performed 18 gastric resections with the laparoscopic approach for 7 pyloric stenoses, 8 recurrent duodenal ulcers, and 3 chronic gastric ulcers. RESULTS: In our series, we performed Billroth II laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with no morbidity and mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Billroth II laparoscopic distal gastrectomy is safe in cases of benign gastric or duodenal lesions.     

Is herniography useful?

Herniography has been used for 25 years in the diagnosis of occult herniation but has not gained widespread acceptance in the UK, despite studies confirming its high sensitivity and specificity for occult hernias and an excellent record of safety and patient acceptability. The traditional approach in the UK to suspected occult groin herniation has been surgical exploration. This study examined the use of herniography in a single district general hospital to assess its impact in limiting unnecessary groin explorations and allowing discharge of patients without hernias. The case notes of 90 successive patients referred for herniography by the department of general surgery in a single UK district general hospital over an 18-month period were reviewed. Eighty-seven completed examinations were analysed in which 23 hernias were diagnosed in 20 patients. Thirteen patients have undergone hernia repair with resolution of symptoms. There were no false positive examinations, although two inguinal hernias were incorrectly diagnosed radiologically as femoral hernias; there were two false negative examinations where additional hernias were found at laparoscopic repair. There were no reported complications. Twenty-four patients were discharged directly from the surgical clinic after a negative herniogram. Thirty patients were referred to other specialities. No patient had undergone groin exploration after a negative herniogram. Herniography is a useful tool in assessing obscure groin pain and potential occult herniation. It can reliably rule out the presence of a hernia and avoid the need for surgical exploration. Many patients with a negative herniogram can be reassured and discharged, whilst others may be referred on to other specialities safe in the knowledge that an occult hernia has been excluded.     

十二指肠镜治疗胆总管结石35例临床分析

目的探讨经十二指肠镜治疗胆总管结石的临床效果和价值。方法经十二指肠镜治疗胆总管结石共35例,其中行EST及取石术32例,行EPBD及取石术3例。EST胆总管取石时根据结石大小决定切开大小,不宜EST或结石较小者可选择EPBD后取石。结果35例均成功取出胆总管结石,取得较好的疗效。EST术中局部渗血4例,当时予电凝或喷洒止血药物即迅速止血,术后急性胰腺炎1例,经适当处理后1周痊愈,EPBD及取石术后未发现明显并发症。结论十二指肠镜治疗胆总管结石是一种微创、安全、有效的治疗方法。