Recovery of hypertrophied rat hearts after global ischemia and reperfusion at different perfusion pressures

The ability to resist transient ischemia was studied in isolated hearts of 18 months old spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Both types of hearts showed optimal performance during the preischemic period when perfused at a diastolic perfusion pressure of 8.0 (WKY) and 13.3 (SHR) kPa. Hemodynamic recovery of WKY hearts during reperfusion at 8.0 kPa, following 45 min global ischemia, was satisfactory. Coronary perfusion completely normalized, contractility (dP _lv/dt _max) was slightly depressed and cardiac output returned, on the average, to 40% of the preischemic values. In contrast, hemodynamic function of SHR hearts reperfused at 13.3 kPa was greatly depressed, as evidenced by almost complete abolition of cardiac output, severe reduction ofdP _lv/dt _max and persistent underperfusion of the endocardial layers. In addition, the postischemic release of lactate dehydrogenase was retarded and enhanced. The release patterns of degradation products of adenine nucleotides showed a shift to the endstage produets xanthine and uric acid. The enhanced vulnerability of the hypertrophied heart to ischemia was even more expressed when the SHR hearts were reperfused at 8.0 kPa. Postischemic function was characterized by electrical instability, loss of contractility and cardiac output, and noreflow in the endocardial layers. Persistent accumulation of lactate and degradation products of adenine nucleotides in the postischemic hearts are in line with the lack of reperfusion. The present results indicate that a detailed mechanistic explanation for the reduced ability to withstand ischemia of SHR cannot be based on differences in ATP content or an altered anaerobic glycolitic activity prior and during ischemia. It is suggested that a defect on the circulatory level, probably caused by enhanced reactivity of the coronary vessels towards ischemia-elicited factors, is responsible for the higher vulnerability of hypertrophied heart to an ischemia insult.Supported by Medigon/NWO (grant number 900516091)     

锌对肝缺血再灌注损伤的对抗作用及其机制研究

目的:观察外源性锌对缺血再灌注肝脏(HIR)的防护作用并探讨其机制,包括对粘附分子表达的影响。方法:复制大鼠HIRI模型,灌胃给锌,观察实验动物肝组织形态、血清转氨酶活性、血清丙二醛(MDA)含量及粘附分子表达的改变。结果:在肝脏缺血30min,再灌注90min时,大鼠血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)活性增高,肝细胞结构受损,血清MDA含量升高,肝组织中细胞间粘附分子-1(ICAM-1)和血管细胞粘附分子-1(VCAM-1)两种粘附分子表达增强;锌+缺血再灌注组大鼠血清GPT、GOT活性及血清MDA含量均明显低于缺血再灌注组,肝组织粘附分子表达亦较弱,肝细胞的结构基本正常。结论:外源给锌可以明显减轻肝脏缺血再灌注损伤,抗脂质过氧化和抑制粘附分子表达是其作用的重要机制。     

心肌缺血／再灌注损伤时相性变化的电子示踪研究

本文以结扎家兔冠状动脉左室支为心肌缺血模型,应用镧电子示踪技术,生物体视学定量分析等方法,观察了心肌缺血不同时间再灌注后细胞膜系及线粒体超微结构以及镧示踪所提示的线粒体的功能变化等特点。结果表明,在心肌缺血20分时,细胞膜通透性升高,镧粒子进入细胞,再灌注时更为严重,即出现再灌注损伤。此时镧粒子多集于肌浆管。随缺血时间延长(30—40分),变化愈趋严重,缺血40分后再灌注,镧粒子大量涌入线粒体。而缺血60分,特别是再灌注时,心肌细胞严重破坏,几乎无完整线粒体,其中亦很少有镧颗粒。说明在此情况下的再灌损伤已属不可逆性。膜通透性的变化是由外及里的,即先肌膜而后为细胞内膜。就线粒体来讲则是先外膜而后内膜。实验结果提出可逆性(早期)再灌注损伤期,及不可逆性再灌注损伤期(晚期)的概念。     

手术显微镜下腮腺切除减少面瘫发生的实验研究

目的：手术显微镜下解剖面神经切除腮腺,保护神经外血管系,减少神经局部缺血造成面神经核细胞逆行性变性所致的面瘫。方法：选用健康家兔,采用同体对照方法,模拟人腮腺全切术。实验侧手术显微镜下游离面神经切除腮腺,保护神经外血管系。对照侧镜下完成相同手术,但破坏神经外血管系。15只兔分为三组,术后2、3、4周分别取面神经核光镜下观察。结果：实验侧术后面瘫症状轻微,发生率低。对照侧面瘫显著。术后4周对照侧面神经核细胞数少于实验侧（P＜0．05）。结论：手术显微镜下解剖面神经切除腮腺,保护外血管系,可减少因神经局部缺血造成的面瘫。     

补肾活血、泻下及开窍活血方药对老龄大鼠脑缺血再灌注心肌损伤的作用

为研究益元活血丹和大黄及血栓心脉宁对老龄大鼠脑缺血再灌注心肌损伤防护作用的机制。将老龄大鼠分为对照组、模型组、尼莫地平组、益元活血丹大小剂量组、大黄组、血栓心脉宁组,观察LDH、CPK活性和NE、DA、E、ET、CGRP、NPY的含量的变化。模型组血清中CPK、LDH活性和血浆ET及脑组织NPY含量增高,交感-肾上腺系统兴奋增强。与模型组比较,大黄组血清LDH和CPK活性减低,益元活血丹大剂量组和血栓心脉宁组及大黄组血浆ET含量、大黄组和益元活血丹大剂量组脑组织NPY含量降低,益元活血丹小剂量组血浆中CGRP水平增高;用药各组交感-肾上腺系统兴奋减低。提示大黄和血栓心脉宁及益元活血丹对心肌损伤的保护作用可能与其抑制交感-肾上腺系统兴奋增强和调节CGRP与ET间的平衡失调有关。     

When is the right time to take an emergency surgery decision in Mechanical Intestinal Obstruction?

Background/Objective: Ischemia is a leading cause of morbidity in Mechanical Intestinal Obstruction (MIO) in which the timing of decisions of whether to proceed to surgical or conservative treatment is critical in emergency departments (ED). While advanced technological options are available, patients may be negatively affected by the application of contrast agents or radiation. The use of ultrasound is limited because of the air in the intestines does not allow a good field of vision. While biomarkers can be considered as a good alternative option at this point. In the present study we examine the effect of hemogram and blood gas parameters on early surgical decision-making in MIO patients.MethodInvolved in this observational prospective study were 264 patients diagnosed with MIO who presented to the Department of Emergency Medicine, Ataturk Research and Training Hospital, Katip Celebi University between February 2018 and February 2019. Contrast-enhanced tomography (CECT) and laboratory results of the patients were recorded. Pathology reports of the patients who underwent surgery were collected. Laboratory data were analyzed by comparing CECT and pathology reports.ResultsIn a ROC analysis of the laboratory values of the patients who were diagnosed with ileus, the sensitivity was calculated as 80% and the specificity was 57.7 in values above WBC>10.75 (10⁹/L), 96.6%, and the specificity was 31.1% in N/L > 2.9. For intestinal ischemia, the cut-off values were WBC> 12.6 and N/L > 3.2, Lactate >2.8 mmol/L and B.E < -3.6 mmol/L.ConclusionDiagnoses of ileus are based on the results examinations and imaging methods. More data are needed to support decisions on the timing of surgery in ED. WBC, N/L, Lactate and Base Excess indicate an ischemic segment. When the parameters are evaluated together, they strongly support early surgical decision-making regarding the treatment of intestinal ischemia.     

Wound outcomes and factors associated with wound healing after first-time femoropopliteal artery intervention in patients with ischemic tissue loss

Background/objectiveThis study’s goal is to describe wound outcomes at 2 years following intervention for atherosclerotic femoropopliteal lesions in patients with ischemic tissue loss.MethodsA retrospective review of 135 first-time endovascular procedures for chronic femoropopliteal atherosclerotic lesions related to ischemic tissue loss was performed. The final wound outcomes were categorized according to the initial wound healing, recurrence and the need of major/minor amputation.ResultsAt 2-years of follow up, 76 limbs (56.3%) showed complete wound healing without recurrence, however, wound development occurred at other sites on the same foot following complete primary healing in 11 limbs (8.1%). Tolerable wounds persisted or wounds recurred at the same site in 30 limbs (22.2%), and 18 limbs (13.3%) needed major amputations. Independent factors that prevented wound healing without recurrence at 2 years were renal insufficiency (HR = 0.225, 95% C.I. = 0.091–0.556, p = 0.001), ankle pressure < 50 mmHg or flat forefoot PVR (HR = 0.328, 95% C.I. = 0.124–0.867, p = 0.025) and functional performance < 4 metabolic equivalents (MET) (HR = 0.150, 95% C.I. = 0.063–0.360, p < 0.001).ConclusionWound outcome classifications showed detailed information regarding clinical outcomes in patients with ischemic tissue loss. Renal insufficiency, ischemia grade 3 and poor functional performance were independent risk factors that prevented wound healing.     

间歇性低氧预处理对缺血心肌的促血管生成作用的实验研究

目的:采用冠状动脉左前降支部分结扎的方法复制慢性心肌缺血的动物模型,观察间歇性低压低氧预处理的促血管生成作用。方法: 成年雄性新西兰家兔29只,体重2.0-2.5 kg,随机分为3大组:正常组(N组,n=7),对照组(C组,n=11)和间歇性低氧预处理组(H组,n=11)。C组、H组行冠状动脉左前降支部分结扎,H组动物进行间歇性低氧预处理(5 000 m,6 h/d,连续7 d者为H1组,42 d者为H2组),按计划完成实验后测定血管内皮生长因子mRNA (VEGFmRNA)、低氧诱导因子-1 α mRNA (HIF-1 α mRNA)、内皮细胞一氧化氮合酶mRNA(eNOSmRNA)及血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)蛋白表达及毛细血管密度。结果: 间歇性低氧预处理VEGF mRNA、HIF-1 α mRNA、eNOS mRNA及VEGF蛋白持续增加,毛细血管密度增高。结论: 间歇性低氧预处理能促进慢性缺血心肌内的血管生成。     

Assessment of high-energy phosphorus compounds in the rat kidney by in situ31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: effect of ischemia and furosemide

Summary ³¹P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of the in situ rat kidney was performed by a surface coil method, and the effects of ischemia and furosemide infusion were assessed.³¹P NMR spectra of the kidney subjected to 30 min of ischemia returned completely to the pre-ischemic level after 60 min of reperfusion. But the³¹P NMR spectra after 60 min of ischemia did not recover, even after 120 min of reperfusion. Levels of -ATP and inorganic phosphate (Pi) decreased and the chemical shift of Pi increased after intravenous infusion of furosemide. This increase in chemical shift might signal an alkalotic change in intracellular pH. Furosemide infusion prior to ischemia is thought to protect the kidney from injury induced by 60 min of warm ischemia. The chemical shift of Pi returned to the pre-ischemic level earlier than -ATP and Pi. In conclusion, according to the findings of³¹P NMR spectroscopy, furosemide infusion prior to ischemia may be effective in protecting the kidney against ischemic injury. But the change in Pi peak and the causes of the dissociation of Pi and -ATP should be examined further.     

肺缺血再灌注中内皮细胞功能的研究

目的 探讨肺缺血再灌注（I－R）中内皮细胞功能的变化。方法 制备兔肺缺血再灌注模型,设立伪手术对照,测定缺血期和缺血后再灌注不同时相的血浆一氧化氮（NO）和内皮素（ET－1)的水平,分析NO,ET－1与血气指标、肺水肿等指标的关系。结果 缺血再灌注组与对照组比较,血浆NO,ET－1水平显著增高。NO／ET－1值明显降低,动脉氧分压明显降低,肺湿／干重比增加。ET－1与动脉氧分压呈负相关,与肺湿／干重比呈正相关。结论 肺I－R状态下,内皮细胞功能紊乱与低氧和肺水肿有关联。