护理干预在改善颈内静脉导管并发症发生中的影响

目的探究舒适护理在颈内静脉置管患者并发症发生中的影响。方法选取我院感染科2010至2011年间328例使用颈内静脉插管开放快速静脉通道的患者为研究对象。随机将他们分为两组,对比不同导管护理方式患者出现并发症的情况,及患者对不同护理方式的满意情况。结果舒适护理组在导管阻塞、感染、气体栓塞、出血及导管脱离的发生率分别为1.22%、2.44%、0.00%、1.83%、0.06%;常规护理组的发生情况分别为6.01%、17.01%、4.27%、7.32%、5.49%,提示舒适护理组患者颈内静脉导管发生并发症的情况明显低于常规护理组(P<0.05);舒适护理组满意率达84.15%,而常规护理组的满意率为67.07%,提示舒适护理组患者对护理工作的满意情况明显优于常规护理组(P<0.01)。结论使用积极的护理干预可有效减少颈内静脉置管患者的导管并发症并提高患者对我们护理工作的满意度。     

钬激光尿道内切开术联合留置尿管治疗男性前尿道2cm以上狭窄段21例效果分析

目的分析钬激光尿道内切开术联合留置尿管治疗男性前尿道2 cm以上狭窄段的效果。方法男性前尿道狭窄患者21例,术前尿道造影显示前尿道呈细线样或串珠样,狭窄段长2～10 cm,平均(4.7±2.1)cm,狭窄段之后尿道明显扩张;行经直视下钬激光尿道内切开术和术后均留置尿管3个月的治疗。通过定期复查和电话询问随访预后。结果 21例术毕留置18F～20F尿管,术后5例出现急性附睾炎,3个月时拔除尿管。4个月时复查:尿道造影显示前尿道充盈较好、无明显狭窄,后尿道无扩张;最大尿流率16.6～23.5 mL/s,平均尿流率10.4～17.2 mL/s,平均(14.1±2.9)mL/s。12个月时最大尿流率13.5～19.4 mL/s,平均尿流率9.1～13.2 mL/s。21例随访5～60月,平均(37.2±20.3)月,均对排尿通畅状况满意。结论钬激光尿道内切开术联合留置尿管治疗男性前尿道2 cm以上狭窄段的效果持久,无需尿道扩张,创伤小、并发症较少。     

联合切口双钢板固定治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折47例

目的探讨应用联合切口双钢板内固定手术治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折（SchatzkerⅤ、Ⅵ型骨折）的效果。方法通过联合切口入路,即后内侧纵向切口及前外侧弧形切口、双钢板内固定的手术方法治疗47例复杂胫骨平台骨折。结果 47例均获随访,平均随访时间15个月。骨折复位良好,均达到骨性愈合,无软组织感染、内固定松动、断裂、骨不连等并发症。按照Merchan膝关节功能评分标准评定疗效：优28例,良10例,可5例,差4例,优良率为80.9%。结论联合切口入路双钢板内固定是治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折有效且可靠的方法。     

Mutational analysis of the EMCV 2A protein identifies a nuclear localization signal and an eIF4E binding site

Cardioviruses have a unique 2A protein (143 aa). During genome translation, the encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) 2A is released through a ribosome skipping event mitigated through C-terminal 2A sequences and by subsequent N-terminal reaction with viral 3C^pro. Although viral replication is cytoplasmic, mature 2A accumulates in nucleoli shortly after infection. Some protein also transiently associates with cytoplasmic 40S ribosomal subunits, an activity contributing to inhibition of cellular cap-dependent translation. Cardiovirus sequences predict an eIF4E binding site (aa 126-134) and a nuclear localization signal (NLS, aa 91-102), within 2A, both of which are functional during EMCV infection. Point mutations preventing eIF4E:2A interactions gave small-plaque phenotype viruses, but still inhibited cellular cap-dependent translation. Deletions within the NLS motif relocalized 2A to the cytoplasm and abrogated the inhibition of cap-dependent translation. A fusion protein linking the 2A NLS to eGFP was sufficient to redirect the reporter to the nucleus but not into nucleoli.     

Total posterior condylar separation in a juvenile knee: open fixation through a posterior arthrotomy

The authors report a case of separation involving the posterior aspect of the lateral femoral condyle in a 13-year-old boy. The patient presented with a 2-year history of vague knee discomfort and recurrent knee effusions in the absence of a single acute traumatic event. A large mobile osteochondral fragment involving most of the posterior aspect of the lateral condyle was refixed surgically with two screws via a posterolateral arthrotomy. The knee has recovered full function and the lesion is radiologically stable.     

Impact of internal biliary drainage after pancreaticoduodenectomy

Background  Bile acid has an important role in protecting immune systems related to gut-associated lymphoid tissue. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of internal biliary drainage after a pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) on postoperative nutrition and complications in a randomized study. Methods  The authors compared the morbidity, mortality, and postoperative nutritional status of 46 patients who had a hepaticojejunostomy (HJ) with a stented external biliary drainage (group E) or with a non-stented internal biliary drainage (group I) after a PD. Results  Systemic infection was recognized in four patients in group E, while no patients in group I. Transthyretin at postoperative 28 days in group I was 15.6 ± 6.2, higher than that in group E. Retinol-binding protein at postoperative 28 days in group I was 2.6 ± 1.0 and also higher than that in group E. Conclusion  HJ with no-stented internal biliary drainage was not associated with systemic infections and mortality, but showed the possibility of improving nutritional status.     

Alar Batten Cartilage Graft: Treatment of Internal and External Nasal Valve Collapse

Background  The aim of this study was to describe the efficacy of alar batten graft in correcting internal and external nasal valve collapse (i.n.v. and e.n.v.) and evaluate the functional and aesthetic results. Methods  From July 2006 to September 2008, 80 patients (54 females and 26 males) underwent alar batten cartilage grafting. The patients were divided into three groups: (1) 55 patients with iatrogenic nasal valve collapse (80% i.n.v., 20% e.n.v.), (2) 15 patients with posttraumatic nasal valve collapse (45% i.n.v., 55% e.n.v.), and (3) 10 patients with congenital nasal valve collapse (100% e.n.v.). Patients were evaluated at 6, 12, 24, and some at 36 months after surgery. The final follow-up was at least 24 months. Results  The results of this study revealed a significant increase in the size of the aperture at the internal or external nasal valve after the application of alar batten grafts. All the patients noted improvement in their nasal airway breathing and in their cosmetic appearance. No major complication was observed. Conclusion  The alar batten graft is a simple, versatile technique for long-term reshaping, repositioning, and reconstruction of the nasal valve collapse.     

终板法伤椎植钉单节段内固定治疗不完全胸腰椎骨折的生物力学研究及临床应用

目的 对终板法伤椎植钉单节段内固定治疗胸腰椎单椎体骨折的生物力学及临床效果进行评价.方法 取猪的24个新鲜胸腰椎椎体标本,48个椎弓根,随机分成4组,分别应用"平行法"及3种不同"终板法"植钉,比较4种植钉法的抗拔出强度.同时回顾分析2003年3月至2006年6月应用该技术治疗的49例胸腰椎骨折患者手术前后伤椎的前后缘高度、后凸Cobb角、椎管内径及矫正丢失、顽固性腰痛、腰椎活动受限等并发症发生情况.结果 "终板法"椎弓根螺钉抗拔出强度明显高于"平行法","伤椎植钉"与正常椎体的"终板法"植钉具有相同的抗拔出强度.49例患者术后均得到良好复位及骨性融合,无内固定失败,无明显矫正角度丢失以及顽固性腰痛、腰椎活动受限等并发症.结论 终板法伤椎植钉单节段内固定能提供足够的抗拔出强度,临床疗效满意.     

经后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉侧块固定治疗寰枢不稳或脱位疗效观察

目的 评价后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉侧块固定治疗寰枢不稳或脱位的临床疗效.方法 2005年5月至2008年1月,共收治各种原因引起的寰枢椎不稳或脱位患者31例,其中男性23例,女性8例;年龄17～67岁,平均43.5岁.寰枢椎不稳或脱位原因有:齿状突陈旧性骨折17例,游离齿状突8例,齿状突骨折4例,横韧带断裂1例,类风湿关节炎1例.31例患者均有枕颈痛表现,28例有颈椎活动受限,19例有不同程度颈髓受压症状和体征.所有病例均行后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉复位固定.记录患者手术时间、失血量和并发症发生情况;同时对手术前后有关临床疗效指标和影像学资料进行对比评价及统计学分析.结果 31例患者平均手术时间2.5 h,平均出血量300 ml.术后均获随访,随访时间6～37个月,平均13个月.1例患者术后出现切口感染,通过调整抗菌素和切口换药2周后得到控制;1例患者术后第5天出现肺动脉栓塞(经肺动脉造影证实),经抗凝等治疗2个月后康复.术中无椎动脉损伤,术后无C_2神经分布区疼痛或麻木病例.31例患者术前存在的枕颈部疼痛均减轻.19例颈脊髓损伤症患者末次随访脊髓功能JOA评分与术前相比明显提高(P<0.01).31例末次随访动态X线片未见寰枢椎移位,无内固定物断裂或松动;CT三维重建有2例患者寰枢椎后弓间骨小梁连续性中断.总融合率达93.6%.结论 后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉侧块固定具有直视下置钉、术中复位、良好的三维短节段固定等优势,是良好的寰枢椎后路固定融合技术.     

双钢板内固定治疗肱骨远端C型骨折

目的总结手术治疗肱骨远端C型骨折的效果。方法对手术治疗肱骨远端C型骨折53例进行分析。平均随访2年3个月,选用改良Cassebaum评分系统对其疗效进行评定,并将待手术时间、骨折类型、手术入路、术后开始功能锻炼的时间等因素分别与最终功能的关系进行分析。结果术后疗效评定：本组患者中优25例,良19例,可7例,差2例。本组优良率83％。结论肱骨远端C型骨折早期经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路,复位、双钢板内固定,术后早期功能锻炼获得了满意疗效。