大七厘散质量标准的研究

目的建立大七散的质量标准。方法采用高效液相色谱法对大七厘散中的主要成分人参皂苷Rg1进行定量分析,λ=203nm;同时对制剂中其他主要药材大黄、冰片、当归尾进行薄层鉴别。结果能准确对大黄、冰片、当归尾进行定性鉴别;人参皂苷Rg1在0．5710-4．2840ug范围呈良好线性关系。结论本方法快速、简便、准确、重现性好。     

人参皂苷Rg3抑制人膀胱癌细胞增殖作用的研究

目的：探讨人参皂苷R静对人膀胱癌细胞增殖作用的影响及作用机制。方法：采用人膀胱癌T24细胞株进行细胞培养,将人参皂苷Rg3分别以0,5,10,20和40p,mol·L^-1的剂量处理细胞24h后,采用四甲基偶氮唑盐（MTT）方法检测人参皂苷R邸对人膀胱癌他4细胞增殖的抑制作用,倒置显微镜和流式细胞术观察人参皂苷Rg3对T24细胞凋亡的诱导作用,应用RT-PCR和Westernblot方法检测不同浓度人参皂苷Rg3处理后124细胞中EphB4mRNA及其蛋白的表达情况。结果：人参皂苷Rg3对膀胱癌T24细胞具有较强的抑制作用,且这种抑制作用随浓度和时间增加而增大,呈浓度依赖关系（P〈0．05）。不同浓度人参皂苷Rg3作用下的膀胱癌T24细胞中,EphB4mRNA及其蛋白的表达明显减弱,且呈剂量梯度下降（P〈0．05）。结论：人参皂苷Rg3的抗癌活性与其抑制EphB4表达有关。     

Metabolomic strategy to study therapeutic and synergistic effects of tanshinone IIA, salvianolic acid B and ginsenoside Rb1 in myocardial ischemia rats

Aim of the study

Tanshinone IIA (T), salvianolic acid B (S) and ginsenoside Rb1 (G) are the three major active ingredients of Compound Danshen Formula (CDF) for its protective effects on myocardial ischemia (MI). In this study, we aimed to investigate therapeutic and synergistic effects of TSG (combination of T, S and G) on MI rats with metabolomic strategy.

Materials and methods

MI model were induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. MI rats were respectively administrated T, S, G, TSG and CDF. Plasma was analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Partial least squares discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) models were built to evaluate the therapeutic and synergistic effects of TSG at whole level. 22 MI biomarkers in rat plasma were also investigated to explain that.

Results

TSG brings nearly equal therapeutic effects on MI as CDF and it plays more stable regulated action on those 22 identified metabolites than single compound.

Conclusions

Overall, there were few methods for the study of synergistic effects of Chinese medicine. Our results suggested that metabolomics offers a new idea for Chinese medicine research.     

Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) root fractions: differential effects on postprandial glycemia in healthy individuals

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Variations in ginsenoside profile may predict the postprandial glucose (PPG)-lowering efficacy of ginseng. Previously we reported differential PPG-lowering effects with two Korean red ginseng (KRG) root.

Fractions

body and rootlets, of variable ginsenoside profiles. Whether this effect is reproducible with a different KRG source is unclear. We therefore tested two root fractions from a KRG source with elevated ginsenoside levels to assess its effect on PPG.

Materials and Methods

After a 12-h overnight fast, 13 healthy individuals (6M:7F; age = 28 ± 10 y; BMI = 24.1 ± 3 kg/m2; FBG = 4.77 ± 0.04 mmol/L) randomly received either 3 g of KRG-body, rootlets or placebo, on three separate visits. Treatments were consumed 60 min prior to a standard test meal with capillary blood samples at −60, 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min.

Results

The KRGrootlets had > 6 fold total ginsensosides than the KRG-body but did not significantly affect PPG. Despite a reduced ginsenoside profile, KRG-body lowered PPG levels at 45, 60, 90 and 120 min during the test (p < 0.05), rendering an overall reduction of 27% in incremental area under the glucose curve compared to the control (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Comparing the results with a previously studied batch of KRG suggests a potential therapeutic dose range for ginsenosides. This observation should be clinically verified with acute screening and ginsenoside composition analysis.     

Amplified immune response by ginsenoside-based nanoparticles (ginsomes)

We describe here a novel adjuvant of ginsenoside-based nanoparticles (ginsomes) and its activity for up-regulation of immune response in mice. Ginsomes were assembled during removal of the detergent by dialysis in presence of ginseng saponins extracted from the root of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, cholesterol and phosphatidyl choline. The nanoparticles were spherical with diameters ranging from 70 to 107 nm, and contained ginsenosides Rb2, Rc, Rb1 and Rd. When co-administered with a model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) in ICR mice, ginsomes at a dose range from 10 to 250 μg promoted significantly higher IgG responses than OVA alone. Co-administration of ginsomes with OVA also significantly increased the levels of specific IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3, as well as T and B lymphocyte proliferation in response to Con A, LPS and OVA than when OVA was used alone. The enhanced IgG titer and subclass levels paralleled the increased production of IFN-γ (Th1 cytokine) and IL-5 (Th2 cytokine). Therefore, ginsomes as an adjuvant have up-regulated both Th1 and Th2 immune responses.     

高效液相色谱法测定调经养颜片中人参皂苷Rg_1的含量

目的:研究调经养颜片(黄芪、女贞子等)中人参皂苷Rg1的含量测定方法。方法:采用高效液相色谱法测定人参皂苷Rg1的含量。结果:人参皂苷Rg1的平均加样回收率为97.89%,RSD为1.1(n=6),在0.4μg~10μg范围内,有良好线性关系(r=0.9991)。结论:该方法简便、灵敏、重复性好,可作为调经养颜片中人参皂苷Rg1的含量测定方法。     

人参皂苷Rg1对缺血性脑卒中大鼠脑组织Fas和Caspase-3蛋白表达的影响

目的:探讨人参皂苷Rg1对缺血性脑卒中大鼠脑组织膜蛋白(Fas)、胱天蛋白酶(Caspase-3)表达的影响及其意义。方法:将大鼠随机分为假手术组、缺血性脑卒中组、人参皂苷Rg110、20、40mg/kg组、尼莫地平1mg/kg药物对照组,采用大脑中动脉闭塞法建立缺血性脑卒中模型;应用免疫组化法检测脑组织Fas、Caspase-3的表达。结果:人参皂苷Rg1各剂量组及尼莫地平组大鼠脑组织Fas、Caspase-3表达阳性细胞数明显低于缺血性脑卒中组(P<0.05)。结论:人参皂苷Rg1防治大鼠缺血性脑卒中损伤的机制可能与抑制脑组织Fas、Caspase-3表达有关,且以高剂量效果较好。     

Anti-lung cancer effects of novel ginsenoside 25-OCH3-PPD

20(S)-25-methoxyl-dammarane-3β, 12β, 20-triol (25-OCH₃-PPD), a newly identified natural product from Panax notoginseng, exhibits activity against a variety of cancer cells. Herein, we report the effects of this compound on human A549, H358, and H838 lung cancer cells, and compare these effects with a control lung epithelial cell line, BEAS-2B. 25-OCH₃-PPD decreased survival, inhibited proliferation, and induced apoptosis and G1 cell cycle arrest in the lung cancer cell lines. The P. notoginseng compound also decreased the levels of proteins associated with cell proliferation and cell survival. Moreover, 25-OCH₃-PPD inhibited the growth of A549 lung cancer xenograft tumors. 25-OCH₃-PPD demonstrated low toxicity to non-cancer cells, and no observable toxicity was seen when the compound was administered to animals. In conclusion, our preclinical data indicate that 25-OCH₃-PPD is a potential therapeutic agent in vitro and in vivo, and further preclinical and clinical development of this agent for lung cancer is warranted.     

顶空-气相色谱法测定人参皂苷Rd原料中残留物的含量

目的 :建立人参皂苷Rd原料中溶剂和树脂残留物的测定方法。方法 :采用顶空进样 毛细管气相色谱法 ,色谱柱为CP Sil 8石英毛细管柱 (30m× 0 5 3mm ,5 μm) ;柱温 :5 0℃维持 5min ,以每分钟 15℃升温至16 0℃ ,维持 2min ;检测器 :FID ,温度 :2 80℃。用外标法测定人参皂苷Rd原料中溶剂和树脂残留物。结果 :建立的色谱方法在所考察的浓度范围内线性关系良好 ,各溶剂回收率符合要求。结论 :本实验建立的色谱方法适用于人参皂苷Rd原料中溶剂和树脂残留物的检测。     

人参制剂中人参皂甙在大鼠小肠中的吸收

目的：由于口服人参皂甙的生物利用度较小，本文研究了小肠对人参皂甙的吸收功能。方法：采用在体大鼠小肠吸收模型，以人参煎剂和人参总皂甙溶液剂作为灌流液。结果与讨论：在3小时中每只大鼠吸收的人参皂甙平均值分别为21.79mg和18．41mg。大鼠小肠对人参总皂甙溶液中人参皂甙 的吸收基本遵循动力学一级反应；对人参煎剂中人参皂甙的吸收在第二小时时受到阻滞。该结果显示大鼠小肠对人参皂甙具有正常的吸收功能，建议含人参制剂应能避免胃酸水解，并尽可能知小肠得到完全的吸收。