胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤患者血清CgA、PKB的水平及其临床意义

目的探讨胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤患者血清嗜铬粒蛋白A(CgA)、蛋白激酶B(PKB)水平及意义。方法选取87例胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤患者作为观察组,同时选取健康体检者80例作为对照组,检测血清CgA、PKB水平。结果观察组血清CgA、PKB水平分别为(140.41±43.02)ng/ml和(1.69±0.15)ng/ml,明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组中低分化、肿瘤大小>3 cm患者血清CgA分别为(146.97±31.06)ng/ml和(150.39±42.26)ng/ml、PKB分别为(1.73±0.21)ng/ml和(1.74±0.18)ng/ml,明显高于中高分化、肿瘤大小≤3 cm患者(P<0.05)。胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤患者血清CgA与PKB呈正相关(γ=0.438,P<0.05)。结论胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤患者血清CgA、PKB水平显著升高,并与临床病理特征有关,两者间存在正相关关系。     

消化道内分泌肿瘤49例临床病理分析

目的　探讨一组消化道内分泌肿瘤的临床和病理形态学特点以及分类。方法　复习 4 9例消化道内分泌肿瘤的HE切片 ,用组织芯片技术制片 ,5种抗体做免疫组化染色并观察其结果。结果　 4 9例肿瘤中类癌 4 3例 ,小细胞癌 6例。其中来自前肠 2 7例 ,中肠 10例 ,后肠 12例。免疫组化Syn阳性 34例 (6 9 4 % ) ,CgA阳性 4 5例(91 8% ) ,CD5 6阳性 13例 (2 6 5 % )。阳性率与肿瘤发生部位无相关性。Ki 6 7和p5 3在直径 <1 5cm类癌组无阳性表达。散发型类癌组其得分高低与淋巴结转移与否之间差异不显著。结论　消化道类癌从形态学到生物学行为 1、2型与 3型是完全不同的两组肿瘤 ;CD5 6在小细胞癌组和直径 <1 5cm类癌组有较高的表达率 ;混合型肿瘤占该组肿瘤的 1 3。     

经内镜金属夹钳夹术治疗上消化道出血

目的 :探讨内镜金属钛夹治疗上消化道出血的应用价值。方法 :使用OlympusGIF130电子胃镜及Olym pus钛夹 (MD85 0型 )及推送器 (HX - 5LR -I)。结果 :既时止血率达 10 0 % ,无 1例出现再出血和并发症 ;9例患者共用金属夹 2 1枚 ,平均每例 2 .1枚。结论 :经内镜金属夹治疗上消化道出血疗效高 ,创伤小 ,适应症广 ,并发症少 ,其临床应用价值已得到肯定     

胃肠道间质瘤22例临床诊治

目的 探讨胃肠道间质瘤的诊治、临床病理学及免疫组织化学特征。方法 回顾分析1998—2005年外科收治并经病理证实的22例胃肠道间质瘤（GIST）的临床资料。结果 22例均行手术治疗。病理诊断GIST良性6例，交界性3例，恶性13例。免疫组织化学表型CD117阳性19例，CD34阳性18例，Vimentin阳性19例，SMA阳性3例，S-100蛋白阳性5例，Desmin阳性3例。随访6～84个月，3例出现远处转移或局部复发，5例死亡。结论 GIST缺乏特征性临床表现，术前确诊率较低，其确诊依赖于病理结果与免疫组织化学的结合，手术切除是最有效的治疗手段。     

Lupus: The microbiome angle

Microbiota consists of more than 10¹⁴ microorganisms that inhabit different areas of the body including the gastrointestinal tract, mainly the mouth and gut. It includes viruses, fungi, protozoa, archaea and bacteria. The microbiota interacts closely with host leading to a dynamic relationship that results in the biological effects observed. Its diverse genetic material (microbiome) interacts closely with the host immune system and cells, and therefore is closely associated with inflammation, immune tolerance, adaptive immunity and autoimmune diseases. Bacterial microbiota, which is the mostly studied lives in harmony with the host and maintains a symbiotic relationship. Therefore it plays an important role in immunological, metabolic, and neurological aspects and thereby the well-being of the host. Alteration of the homeostatic environment or the dynamic balance of microorganisms can result in dysbiosis or disease. However, does dysbiosis cause disease, aggravate disease or is the result of the disease remains to be defined, it could be a bit of all three factors. More recently, a number of studies demonstrate that these microorganisms could contribute to disease. Alteration of the tightly balanced composition of bacterial microbiota (dysbiosis) leads to exacerbation, rapid progression and worsening of disease states. It is important to identify the ‘healthy’ microbes that maintain a healthy environment, the ‘sensitive’ microbes that go awry with disease, the ‘bad’ microbes that cause disease and the ‘therapeutic’ microbes that can help rectify the changes. Increased relative abundance of certain bacterial species has been linked to triggering autoimmune diseases. Despite the burgeoning literature in the field, the molecular mechanisms by which the microbiota impacts the body in health and disease remain largely unknown. In this review, we will discuss recent advancements in our understanding of the gut bacterial microbiota associated with inflammatory and immunological processes and the role they play in the autoimmune disease, systemic lupus erythematosus.     

Balloon-assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection for treating small intestinal lipomas: Report of two cases

BACKGROUNDMost small intestinal lipomas are treated surgically, and some require repeated surgeries for multiple lipomas. However, application of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) technology in the deep small intestine is rarely reported owing to the special anatomical structure of the small intestine, medical equipment limitations, and the lack of relevant experience among endoscopists.CASE SUMMARYTwo patients with small intestinal lipomas treated at the Air Force Medical Center from November 2015 to September 2019 were selected to undergo balloon-assisted ESD to treat the lipomas and explore the technical feasibility and safety of ESD for treating small intestinal lipomas. The two patients successfully underwent balloon-assisted ESD to treat four small intestinal lipomas, with a complete resection rate of 100% (4/4), without intraoperative or postoperative bleeding, perforation, or other complications. After 3-6 mo of postoperative follow-up, the clinical symptoms caused by the lipomas were significantly relieved or disappeared after treatment.CONCLUSIONBalloon-assisted ESD is a safe and reliable new method for treating deep intestinal lipomas and shows good clinical feasibility.     

核素显像对小儿消化道出血的诊断价值

目的：评价核素显像对小儿消化道出血的诊断价值。方法：对44例患儿先进行^99mTcO4^-腹部动态显像，其中30例呈阳性结果则进行手术治疗，余14例阳性进一步做^99mTc-RBC腹部动态显像后再做手术。结果：①330例^99mTcO4^-显像阳性结果中29例发现异位胃粘膜。②14例在^99mTc-RBC显像中9例发现出血灶，3例病理有胃粘膜。③^99mTcO4^-对儿童消化道出血的检出率为68．18％，联合^99mTc-RBC显像后增至88．64％。^99mTcO4^-显像对诊断异位胃粘膜的灵敏度、特异性、准确性分别为90．63％、91．67％、90．91％，假阴性率和假阳性率分别为9．37％和8．33％。结论：核素显像是一种无创、简便、可靠，对小儿消化道出血有重要诊断价值的检查手段。宜先行^99mTcO4^-显像，阴性再进行^99mTc-RBC显像。     

Small intestinal angiolipoma: MR imaging appearance

We report the magnetic resonance imaging finding in a case of small intestinal angiolipoma. Small bowel enteroclysis showed a well-defined, lobulated polypoid lesion in the proximal ileum. The mass showed central high signal intensity with peripheral iso-signal intensity on T1-weighted in-phase images. The central high signal intensity changed to low signal intensity on T1-weighted out-of-phase images. After contrast injection, the mass had a strong enhancement along the periphery of the lesion on fat-saturated T1-weighted images. Characteristic decreased signal intensity on out-of-phase T1-weighted images and strong enhancement on postcontrast images of the small bowel mass suggest the diagnosis of angiolipoma.