载脂蛋白E基因多态性与脑梗死的相关性分析

目的　探讨载脂蛋白 E基因多态性与脑梗死的关系。方法　通过聚合酶链反应 -限制性片段长度多态性 (PCR- RFL P)分析结合 DNA直接银染技术检测 6 6例脑梗死 (CI)患者的载脂蛋白 E(Apo E)基因型 (其中家系中有明确脑梗死先证者的家族聚集性脑梗死 (FMACI)亚组 2 6例 ,家系中无脑卒中史的非家族聚集性脑梗死 (NF-MACI)亚组 4 0例 ) ,并与 90例健康对照组比较 ,同时检测血脂、脂蛋白 (a) [L P(a) ]及部分载脂蛋白。结果　脑梗死组ε3/4基因型频率明显高于对照组 (P<0 .0 1) ,ε3/3基因型频率明显低于对照组 (P<0 .0 1) ;两脑梗死亚组之间的ε3/4/ε3/3基因型频率虽有上升 /下降趋势 ,但未发现明显的统计学差异 ;FMACI组高密度脂蛋白 (HDL )水平明显低于 NFMACI组 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论　 Apo E基因多态性与脑梗死的发生有关 ,ε4等位基因是脑梗死的易感因子 ,ε3等位基因对脑梗死的发生有保护作用 ;Apo E基因多态性和 HDL水平双重作用于家族聚集性脑梗死的发生。     

上海市闵行区流动人口中的孕产妇保健状况

通过对上海市闵行区580名外来孕产妇及580名作为对照的本地孕产妇的孕产期保健现况调查分析,表明外来孕产妇缺乏必要的孕产期保健措施,有47.6％的外来孕产妇从未做产前检查,产后保健则完全没有,并由此而造成外来产妇在急产、死产、甚至孕产妇死亡等方面令人忧虑的现状。为适应和促进当前经济发展的新形势,改善流动人口的孕产妇保健状况,应对流动人口中孕产妇保健状况深入研究,并采取相应的措施。     

SARS家庭聚集型病例8例报告分析

SARS是由变异冠状病毒引起的新型烈性传染病，具有在家庭和医院内聚集发病的特点。其影像学表现对于临床诊断和随诊观察具有重要价值。本文报告了分属3个家庭的8个病例发病早期(1周)影像学表现(包括胸部平片和CT)和部分临床表现资料，讨论并分析SARS早期影像学表现的若干特点及与临床表现之间的关系。     

Preterm Birth: Implications for Family Stress and Coping

The event of preterm birth represents a significant risk to the equilibrium of the family, often placing the family under significant stress. This paper is intended to assist neonatal nurses in understanding factors related to a family's appraisal of stress and strategies used for coping. Such factors are an important consideration in planning the most effective interventions to support optimal family adaptation to their preterm infant's birth. In identifying the best clinical approaches to supporting a family coping with the event of a preterm birth, nurses need to consider levels of the evidence that supports adoption of clinical intervention strategies. Working to reduce family stress and improve family coping ensures the most optimal home environment for the preterm infant to grow and thrive in after discharge.     

妇幼保健院医疗设备配置的思考和探讨

妇幼保健院运营的模式,服务的对象都有别于综合性医院。通过对设备使用效益的调查、分析,提出妇幼保健院医疗设备的配置,应符合本院的特点。配置应遵循:适用性、特色性、经济性、先进性,不可盲目求新、求全,避免设备使用的低效益。     

The relationship between maternal needs and priorities in a neonatal intensive care environment

AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the nature and organization of maternal needs and priorities in a neonatal unit. BACKGROUND: The relationship between maternal needs and priorities appears to be an under studied area in neonatal nursing. METHODS: A quantitative survey was carried out based on 209 mothers with premature infants. Two self-assessment schedules were used: critical care maternal needs inventory (J. Leske, Heart and Lung 15, 27-42) and a ranking scale. The data were analysed with multivariate analysis. FINDINGS: Data analysis revealed clear priorities in maternal needs. In particular the need for accurate infant related information was a priority for 93% of the mothers. Good communication practices with professionals were also valued. The mothers displayed altruistic behaviour, and self-related needs took second place. It is proposed that maternal needs demonstrate a hierarchical organization. CONCLUSION: It is important for nurses to consider the individual needs of the mothers, simply because the satisfaction of these needs is essential for maternal well-being.     

矿区居民预防艾滋病／性传播疾病同伴教育效果研究

目的　调查对矿区居民开展预防艾滋病 /性传播疾病同伴教育的效果。方法　以自愿报名的方式选取山西省大同市永定庄矿区矿工 2 5名 ,均为男性 ,平均年龄为 3 4 0± 8 3岁 ;矿工家属 2 5名 ,均为女性 ,平均年龄为 46 8± 1 1 7岁。在矿工组和矿工家属组中各随机抽取 1名作为同伴教育者进行培训。培训合格的同伴教育者以不同的形式对其余 2 4名同伴进行 1个小时的教育。于教育前和教育后 1周对每组的 2 4名同伴就艾滋病/性传播疾病的知、信、行做问卷调查。并于 1周后按单纯随机抽样方法在每组选取 8人分别进行访谈。结果　在同伴教育者中 ,关于艾滋病 /性传播疾病的一般知识答对率培训前为 2 6 4% ,培训后为 77 6% ;关于传播途径 ,培训前为 2 3 2 % ,培训后为 90 8% ;关于相关的预防措施 ,培训前为 3 5 4% ,培训后为 74 9%。所有的同伴教育者认为艾滋病 /性传播疾病健康教育是必要的 ,同伴教育是一种有效的方式。结论　在矿工及其家属中开展艾滋病 /性传播疾病同伴教育是有效的     

Mortality Rates and Predictors of Mortality Among Late-Middle-Aged and Older Substance Abuse Patients

This study describes mortality rates and predictors of mortality among late-middle-aged and older (55+) substance abuse inpatients ( n = 21, 139) in Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Centers in the 4 years after an index episode of care. A total of 24% of the patients died; this mortality rate was 2.64 times higher than expected. Predictors of earlier mortality included older age and nonmarried status, alcohol psychosis and organic brain disorder diagnoses, and several medical diagnoses, including neoplasms, liver cirrhosis, respiratory, endocrine and metabolic, and blood system disorders. Three proxy indicators of illness severity also predicted mortality: more prior inpatient and outpatient medical care and an index episode in an extended care unit. In contrast, more prior outpatient mental health care and remitted status predicted lower mortality. These diagnostic and treatment indicators can be used to identify patients at heightened risk for premature mortality. Moreover, they show that intensive mental health aftercare and remission of substance abuse may delay mortality, even among older patients who have longstanding substance abuse problems.     

神经症与精神分裂症患者家庭环境的对照研究

目的：探讨神经症患者家庭环境的特点。方法：采用家庭环境量表中文版，对50例神经症患者进行调查 ，并按1：1配对原则分别与50例精神分裂症，50例正常对照组进行比较。结果：（1）与正常对照组相比神经症患者的家庭关系表现为低亲密度、高矛盾性及道德宗教观的差异；（2）与精神分裂症相比仅表现为控制性差，而两对照组之间表现为精神分裂症患者家庭低亲密度、高矛盾性、文化娱乐性缺乏和道德宗教观的不同。结论：不良的家庭环境，对子女患精神疾病有重要影响，但它们之间没有明显特异性。     

犯罪青少年个性与父母养育方式的相关研究

目的 分析和探讨犯罪青少年个性和父母养育方式的特点及父母养育方式对犯罪青少年个性特质的影响。方法 以河南省某少年管教所少年犯240人为研究组，以240名在校中学生240名为对照组，采用艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)和父母养育方式问卷(EMBU)对两组被试进行集体施测。结果 犯罪青少年个性具有N(情绪性)分和P(精神质)分高、E(内外向)分低的特点；其父母养育方式表现出低情感温暖、理解，高惩罚严厉、高拒绝否认和过分偏爱的特点。犯罪青少年个性4个维度与其父母养育方式的绝大多数因子存在显相关关系。结论 犯罪青少年人格具有偏离正常的倾向，其父母养育方式失当可能是造成犯罪青少年人格偏差的重要因素。