大型三甲医院分院神经内科住院患者疾病构成特点

【摘要】 目的 分析大型三甲医院分院神经内科住院患者的疾病构成及相关特点,为临床诊治工作提供科学客观依据。方法 收集四川大学华西医院上锦分院?成都上锦南府医院神经内科2012年4月1日~2018年3月31日住院患者的病历资料,共收治17104例患者,其中男性8667例（5067%）,女性8437例（4933%）,年龄4～100岁,平均（5237±1775）岁,以首页的主要诊断即第一诊断按照WHO 国际统一疾病分类法（ICD 10）并结合神经内科“Midnights”定性原则作为疾病分类标准,采用 SPSS 220软件进行数据统计、分析。结果 脑血管疾病、中枢神经系统感染性疾病、头晕和眩晕、神经系统疾病相关的精神障碍、周围神经疾病所占比例依次为2045%、1176%、846%、743%、740%。2012年～2018年神经内科罕见病所占比例依次为505%、833%、966%、1028%、1079%、1126%、1144%。结论 大型三甲医院分院神经内科位列前五的病种为脑血管疾病、中枢神经系统感染性疾病、头晕和眩晕、神经系统疾病相关的精神障碍、周围神经疾病,罕见病所占比例呈逐年升高趋势,各级医院神经内科应加强卒中中心的发展及对罕见病的认识,推进双向转诊及分级诊疗,以使患者能最大获益。     

重症监护病房肺炎克雷伯菌临床特点及耐药分析

目的 分析重症监护病房（ICU）肺炎克雷伯菌感染的临床特点及耐药情况,为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供依据。方法 回顾性分析重庆医科大学附属第一医院2014年1月～2016年12月ICU肺炎克雷伯菌感染病例483例,药敏试验采用纸片扩散法,双纸片协同试验进行超广谱β内酰胺酶检测,WHONET5.6及SPSS 21.0软件统计分析数据。结果 ICU肺炎克雷伯菌感染常见于伴多种易患因素的老年患者,下呼吸道为主要感染部位;CREKp感染死亡率高,多合并感染性休克或多器官功能障碍。3年来ICU检出肺炎克雷伯菌对常用抗菌药物耐药率不同程度上升,特别是CREKp菌株分离逐渐增加且呈泛耐药特点,仅对替加环素、米诺环素敏感。结论 ICU肺炎克雷伯菌感染发病率高且病情重,CREKp感染死亡风险高,应充分认识其严重性。治疗上依据药敏试验结果指导临床选择适当抗菌药物尤为重要。     

临床护理路径在重症肺炎合并心衰患者中的应用效果

【摘要】 目的 探讨临床护理路径在重症肺炎合并心衰护理中的应用效果。方法 选取2017年1~12月榆林市星元第四医院收治的98例重症肺炎合并心衰患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组各49例。对照组实施常规护理干预,观察组实施临床护理路径模式干预,比较两组血气分析指标、体征恢复情况及心理状况变化的干预效果。结果 干预前两组心率、PaO2、PaCO2、SAS、SDS评分相比较无明显差异（P＞005）;干预后观察组心率、PaCO2明显低于对照组,PaO2明显高于对照组（P＜005）;观察组干预后退热时间、气促消失时间、心衰消失时间明显短于对照组（P＜005）;观察组护理满意度明显高于对照组（P＜005）;干预后观察组SAS、SDS评分明显低于对照组（P＜005）。结论 临床护理路径模式干预在重症肺炎合并心衰患者中应用效果明显,不仅可有效改善患者血气指标、临床症状,且明显改善患者心理状态,从而提高患者护理满意度。     

Delays in the health care system for children,adolescents, and young adults with bone tumors in Brazil

ObjectiveTo identify delays in the health care system experienced by children and adolescents and young adults (AYA; aged 0–29 years) with osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma using information from the Brazilian hospital-based cancer registries.MethodsPatient data were extracted from 161 Brazilian hospital-based cancer registries between 2007 and 2011. Hospital, diagnosis, and treatment delays were analyzed in patients without a previous histopathological diagnosis. Referral, hospital, and health care delays were calculated for patients with a previous histopathological diagnosis. The time interval was measured in days.ResultsThere was no difference between genders in overall delays. All delays increased at older ages. Patients without a previous histopathological diagnosis had the longest hospital delay when compared to patients with a previous histopathological diagnosis before first contact with the cancer center. Patients with Ewing sarcoma had longer referral and health care delays than those with osteosarcoma who had a previous histopathological diagnosis before first contact with the cancer center. The North and Northeast regions had the longest diagnosis delay, while the Northeast and Southeast regions had the longest treatment delay.ConclusionHealth care delay among patients with a previous diagnosis was longer, and was probably associated with the time taken for to referral to cancer centers. Patients without a previous histopathological diagnosis had longer hospital delays, which could be associated with possible difficulties regarding demand and high-cost procedures. Despite limitations, this study helps provide initial knowledge about the healthcare pathway delays for patients with bone cancer inside several Brazilian hospitals.     

Utilization of palliative care consultations in pediatric oncology phase I clinical trials

Pediatric phase I clinical oncology trials represent a unique cohort of patients who have not responded to standard therapies and remain highly vulnerable to treatment toxicity and/or disease burden. Incorporating a palliative care consultation into the care plan for those with relapsed/refractory cancer where chance of cure is limited is generally recommended. A retrospective chart review of pediatric phase I trials revealed that palliative care was consulted in <20% of patients, most often for symptom management. Efforts to increase the use of palliative services in this population may enhance quality of life for children and families enrolled in phase I studies.