强制运动疗法对脑卒中亚急性期上肢运动功能的影响

目的 评估强制运动疗法(CIMT)对脑卒中后亚急性期患者上肢运动功能的疗效.方法 选择上海市残疾人康复职业培训中心和南通大学附属医院康复医学科收治的脑卒中偏瘫患者63例,按入院先后时间分为治疗组(32例)和对照组(31例),均接受2周的常规康复训练.然后,对照组继续常规康复训练,治疗组接受2周的CIMT治疗.两组均在治...     

Limb apraxia in corticobasal syndrome

Corticobasal syndrome (CBS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with asymmetric presentation and course characterized by degeneration of basal ganglia and cortical structures. Limb apraxia is a commonly observed deficit in CBS. Few studies have examined comprehensively the nature of deficits in limb apraxia. The goal of our study was to investigate the severity of deficits in various conceptual and gesture production task modalities. CBS patients were divided in two groups based on the side of brain that was initially affected by the disease. Ten patients with right hemisphere presentation (RHP) and seven with left hemisphere presentation (LHP) were included. The results showed that while selective conceptual tasks deficits were present in both groups, the overall picture suggests preserved conceptual representations of tools and actions in CBS patients with either LHP or RHP. Both groups were impaired relative to controls on gesture production tasks. Performance on transitive gestures was more severely affected in both groups than intransitive gestures. Imitation was more severely affected than pantomime, suggesting deficits in visuomotor transformations. The addition of verbal cuing during concurrent imitation affected only the LHP patients, rendering them more impaired relative to controls in their imitation with verbal cuing as opposed to their imitation only performance. Imitation of non-representational gestures was least accurate and intransitive gestures were most accurate. Patients were more severely impaired relative to controls when holding the object and when they were shown pictures of tools to pantomime.     

Quantitative T*2‐mapping based on multi‐slice multiple gradient echo flash imaging: Retrospective correction for subject motion effects

Numerous clinical and research applications for quantitative mapping of the effective transverse relaxation time T*₂ have been described. Subject motion can severely deteriorate the quality and accuracy of results. A correction method for T*₂ maps acquired with multi‐slice multiple gradient echo FLASH imaging is presented, based on acquisition repetition with reduced spatial resolution (and consequently reduced acquisition time) and weighted averaging of both data sets, choosing weighting factors individually for each k‐space line to reduce the influence of motion. In detail, the procedure is based on the fact that motion artifacts reduce the correlation between acquired and exponentially fitted data. A target data set is constructed in image space, choosing the data yielding best correlation from the two acquired data sets. The k‐space representation of the target is subsequently approximated as linear combination of original raw data, yielding the required weighting factors. As this method only requires a single acquisition repetition with reduced spatial resolution, it can be employed on any clinical system offering a suitable sequence with export of modulus and phase images. Experimental results show that the method works well for sparse motion, but fails for strong motion affecting the same k‐space lines in both acquisitions. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

牵张成骨区牙移动动物模型的建立

目的:建立双侧下颌骨牵张成骨区快速正畸牙移动的实验动物模型,为其后的系列研究建立可靠的实验平台。方法:选择8只牙列完整的Beagle犬,其中4只犬建立双侧下颌骨牵张成骨动物模型,牵张完成后即刻以150g力远中移动下颌第三前磨牙进入牵张成骨区;另外4只犬拔除双侧下颌第四前磨牙后3个月,以150g力远中移动下颌第三前磨牙。实验中,每周加力1次,拍摄X线片并记录牙移动速率。牙移动8周后,观察实验牙及其牙周组织特点。结果:接受牵张成骨手术的4只犬,双侧下颌骨均被成功延长1cm,前牙出现反合,无实验犬死亡。实验牙借助自制的持续加力装置移动进入牵张成骨区。实验组牙移动显著快于对照组,X线观察实验组牙移动进入牵张成骨区,牙根未见明显吸收。组织学观察压力侧牙槽骨和牙周膜未出现不可逆性损伤。结论:以Beagle犬为实验对象,用成品牵张成骨器借助种植支抗钉和自制的牙移动装置远中移动下颌第三前磨牙,可建立可靠的动物模型。     

大鼠实验性牙移动过程中三叉神经节内甘丙肽表达的研究

目的：研究实验性牙移动过程中大鼠三叉神经节内甘丙肽表达的变化,探讨其与正畸疼痛缓解之间是否具有内在的联系。方法：选择雄性Wistar大鼠35只,建立正畸牙移动动物模型,将大鼠随机分为实验组与空白对照组。实验组左侧为加力侧,右侧为未加力侧,左右自身对照,分别于加力6h、12h、1、3、5、7d后处死动物,取大鼠三叉神经节,标本制备,进行免疫组织化学染色与图像分析。采用SPSSl6．0统计学软件进行统计学分析。结果：与空白对照组相比,实验组加力1d甘丙肽阳性细胞数增多,表达增强（P〈O．05）;加力3d阳性细胞数增多明显（P〈O．01）;加力5d甘丙肽免疫阳性细胞数达到高峰,神经节细胞中甘丙肽免疫阳性染色呈强阳性表达（P〈0．01）。实验组未加力侧各时间点与空白对照组之间甘丙肽表达无统计学差异。结论：GAL作为内源性镇痛物质与正畸牙移动所致牙体与牙周疼痛的缓解具有一定的内在联系。     

灌服川续断水煎液对大鼠正畸牙移动及骨密度的影响

目的：研究中药川续断对大鼠正畸牙齿移动及移动过程中牙槽骨密度的影响。方法：选取48只SPF级Wistar雌性大鼠,随机分为川续断组和对照组,每组24只,建立大鼠正畸牙齿移动实验模型,川续断组每日灌服6 g/Kg川续断水煎剂,对照组每日灌服3 mL生理盐水,两组动物于正畸加力7、14、21、28天分批次处死,每批次6只,分离大鼠上下颌骨,测量牙齿移动的距离及牙槽骨骨密度（BMD）,并进行统计学分析。结果：川续断组牙齿移动距离明显多于对照组,且与对照组的差异有统计学意义,川续断组大鼠骨密度较对照组明显增大,且与对照组的差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：灌服川续断水煎液能有效地改善正畸牙齿移动过程中骨密度降低的程度,有利于大鼠正畸牙齿移动。     

eNOS在大鼠正畸牙移动中的表达

目的：观察内皮型一氧化氮合酶（endothelial nitric oxide synthase,eNOS）在大鼠正畸牙移动中的表达分布,探讨eNOS在正畸牙牙周组织改建中的意义。方法：通过正畸力牵引大鼠左上颌第一磨牙近中移动,建立大鼠正畸牙移动模型。随机分为9组,每组5只,分别为：实验加力0、3、6、12、24 h和3、5、7、14 d。大鼠右上颌第一磨牙不加力设为自身对照组。制备大鼠正畸牙移动不同时间牙周组织切片,免疫组化方法检测eNOS表达分布。结果：对照组有少量eNOS表达,实验组张力区eNOS阳性表达,且随牙齿移动时间不同表达分布发生变化。3 h组eNOS即开始表达增强,5 d组eNOS阳性表达达到最高峰值,7 d组及14 d组eNOS表达值开始减少。结论：eNOS参与正畸牙移动牙周组织改建。     

Unmasking of Ocular Bobbing Associated with Jaw Movement following Inferior Rectus Surgery

MG phenomenon refers to involuntary lid movements associated with jaw movements. We report a case unilateral vertical movement of the globe in a case of monocular elevation deficit. The above mentioned movement may be an unreported variant of oculo-trigemial synkinesis.     

获得性漏斗胸膈肌肌凝蛋白重链MyHC-Ⅱa表达及其意义

目的 探讨获得性漏斗胸膈肌肌凝蛋白重链MyHC-Ⅱ a表达的变化.方法 4周龄SD大鼠72只,随机分为3组,每组24只.肋软骨组和膈肌组分别从胸骨旁切断下位三对肋软骨和造成膈肌物理损伤复制漏斗胸模型,对照组不做任何干预.分别于术后第二、四和八周处死动物,收集膈肌,通过SDS聚内烯酰胺凝胶电泳结合Western印迹分析检测膈肌MyHC-Ⅱ a的表达.结果 测得两组前胸壁凹陷畸形动物各时间点膈肌MyHC-Ⅱa在组间比较差异有显著性,两组MyHC-Ⅱ a表达均较对照组减少(P<(1.05),而两实验处理组间比较,仅2周时膈肌组MyHC-Ⅱ a表达减少(P<0.05),4周和8周时MyHC-Ⅱa表达在组问的差异均无统计学意义(K>0.05).结论 获得性漏斗胸大鼠膈肌肌凝蛋白重链MyHC-Ⅱ a表达减少,提示在漏斗胸形成过程中发生了膈肌功能的改变.