多学科综合治疗挽救重度牙周炎患牙的临床观察（附1例5年随访报告）

重度牙周炎患者多存在深牙周袋及严重牙槽骨吸收的患牙,常判定为“预后无望”,而此类患牙的临床处置一直以来都面临挑战。此外,伴牙列缺损及错牙合畸形的重度牙周炎患者临床中常需要应用多学科综合治疗,以达到牙周健康、恢复功能、改善美观的目标。文章完整展示1例应用牙周-正畸-种植修复综合治疗的重度牙周炎病例,挽救重度牙周炎患牙,并获得稳定的治疗效果,为临床诊疗此类问题积累经验。     

曲面体层片与锥形束CT比较分析上颌后牙牙根与上颌窦的关系

目的研究曲面体层片与锥形束CT(cone beam computer tomography,CBCT)判断上颌后牙牙根与上颌窦关系的准确性,为临床医师根据曲面体层片信息治疗上颌后牙区相关疾病提供参考。方法纳入80例符合标准的患者(牙根数671个),以锥形束CT为标准,在曲面体层片及锥形束CT片上测量上颌后牙根尖到上颌窦的距离。结果当曲面体层片显示上颌窦的皮质骨连续,牙根距上颌窦存在明显距离、与上颌窦相切时,曲面体层片判断上颌后牙牙根与上颌窦关系的准确率分别为82.0%、70.0%;当曲面体层片显示上颌窦皮质骨中断,牙根突入上颌窦内时,曲面体层片判断上颌后牙牙根与上颌窦关系的准确率为48.5%。曲面体层片、锥形束CT均显示牙根突入上颌窦时,曲面体层片测量上颌后牙牙根突入上颌窦距离为(2.19±1.82)mm,而锥形束CT测量距离为(1.47±1.01)mm,两者差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论曲面体层片判断上颌后牙牙根未进入上颌窦的准确率较高,但判断上颌后牙牙根突入上颌窦的准确率较低。     

Influence of the coronal restoration on the outcome of endodontically treated teeth

Abstract

Objective: The tooth weakens due to removal of hard tissue during an endodontic procedure. Many dentists find it difficult to choose between different coronal restorations after root canal treatment (RCT). Studies show that the coronal restoration may affect the endodontic prognosis. This student-based study had three aims. (1) Examine the choice of coronal restoration of endodontically treated teeth at a Scandinavian dental school, (2) examine the survival of these restorations and (3) evaluate the influence of the coronal restoration on the outcome of the RCT.

Material and methods: Radiographic and clinical examination was performed on 127 posterior teeth. The quality of the root canal treatment and the periapical status (PAI-index) were evaluated.

Results: 43.8% of the teeth were restored with an indirect coronal restoration and 47.2% with a direct coronal restoration. The period from finished root canal treatment until placement of a permanent coronal restoration was significantly longer for an indirect restoration than a direct restoration. The teeth treated with a PAI score of 1 and 2 following pulpectomy, necrotic pulp treatment and endodontic retreatment was 93.8%, 82.6% and 69.4%, respectively.

Conclusion: There was no significant association between choice of coronal restoration and PAI-score.     

Mandibular dental changes following serial and late extraction of mandibular second premolars

Objectives:To determine changes in occlusal curves and dental tipping occurring from mandibular second premolar serial extraction, early extraction of deciduous mandibular second molars with missing second premolars, and late second premolar extraction compared with untreated controls.Materials and Methods:Information was collected from 85 subjects at three time points: T0, prior to serial extraction; T1, after serial extraction and drift prior to orthodontic treatment, and pretreatment for the late premolar extraction patients; and T2, posttreatment. Untreated age- and gender-matched controls were used for comparison. Three occlusal curves were measured on digitized mandibular casts, and dental tipping was assessed using lateral cephalograms.Results:At T0, there were no significant differences among groups. At T1, there was significant steepening of Monson''s sphere and the curve of Wilson between early and late extraction and control groups. At T2, the differences in Monson''s sphere and the curve of Wilson were fully corrected. At T1, there were significant differences in the tipping of mandibular 6''s, 4''s, and 3''s between the early extraction groups compared with the late extraction and control groups. At T2, these differences in tipping were fully corrected. There were no differences in mandibular incisor tipping between groups at T1 or T2.Conclusions:Serial extraction produced steeper occlusal curves and significant tipping of mandibular first molars, first premolars, and canines after extraction and physiologic drift (T1). Accentuated occlusal curves and tooth tipping were fully corrected following orthodontic treatment (T2). Mandibular incisor position was unchanged by serial or late second premolar extraction.     

EDTA对年轻恒牙釉质粘接强度的影响

目的 研究乙二胺四乙酸二钠（EDTA）对年轻恒牙釉质粘接强度的影响。方法 收集手术拔除的牙根未发育完全的上下颌第三磨牙,共180颗,选取全部离体牙牙冠颊面与牙长轴相对平行的釉质面（倾斜角度小于5°）作为实验粘接面,按实验方法不同随机均分为5组,每组36颗,分别进行以下处理：G0（对照组）：37%磷酸常规酸蚀;G1：37%磷酸+17% EDTA;G2：37%磷酸+10% EDTA;G3：17% EDTA+37%磷酸,G4：10% EDTA+37%磷酸。以上样本均采用GLUMA通用型粘接剂粘接后,行流动树脂堆砌。使用万能材料试验机进行树脂剪切粘接强度的测试。剔除剪切测试中由于树脂块断裂而未形成树脂-釉质面分离的试件,针对剪切粘接强度采用SPSS21.0统计软件进行统计学分析。结果 G0的平均剪切粘接强度（9.80±2.78 MPa）要明显低于G1（11.56±3.30 MPa）、G2（12.01±3.28 MPa）和G4（12.19±3.04 MPa）的剪切粘接强度,其差异都具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。尽管G3的平均剪切粘接强度（10.75±2.85 MPa）要高于G0,但两组之间的强度差异无统计学意义（P=0.261）。此外,G1、G2、G3和G4各组之间的平均剪切粘接强度差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：酸蚀前、后EDTA去蛋白化处理较单纯酸蚀处理更能增强树脂的剪切粘接强度,但其作用可能会受到EDTA浓度的影响。     

下颌阻生智牙不翻瓣拔除的临床效果观察

目的 探讨中位下颌阻生智牙不翻瓣拔除的疗效。方法 98例拔除下颌阻生智牙的患者,共计112颗患牙纳入研究,分为不翻瓣组和翻瓣组。不翻瓣组采用横断法或T形截断法将牙分割后拔除,翻瓣组采用角形切口翻瓣的方法拔除。对2组患者术后1 d、3 d、1周时的并发症进行观察并记录,采用SPSS 17.0软件包进行统计学分析。结果 不翻瓣组术后1 d、3 d出血、肿胀、疼痛及开口受限、对生活的影响等并发症显著低于翻瓣组(P<0.05),但2组平均手术时间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论 对于下颌中位阻生智牙,采用不翻瓣方法拔除,有助于减轻患者术后并发症,提高生活质量。