Attentional demands of continuously monitoring orientation using vestibular information.

The aim of this series of experiments was to determine whether attention is normally required for continuously processing vestibular information concerning orientation, or is required only when orientation is disrupted (eg by vestibular dysfunction or by conflicting visual and vestibular orientation cues). In the first two studies, healthy subjects were passively oscillated, and indicated when they perceived they were passing through their starting position. There was only weak evidence for interference between performance on this 'continuous orientation monitoring task' and on concurrent mental tasks. However, a third study showed that when patients with vestibular imbalance carried out the continuous orientation monitoring task their performance on a concurrent mental arithmetic task was substantially impaired. This dual task interference was correlated with inaccuracy in judging orientation on the continuous orientation monitoring task, which in turn correlated with severity of recent vestibular symptomatology (assessed by questionnaire). In a fourth experiment, disorientation was induced in healthy subjects by rotating the visual field about the line of sight. Bidirectional interference was observed between monitoring orientation (assessed by accuracy in setting a rod to the perceived vertical) and performance of an arithmetic task. Dual task interference was correlated with baseline levels of disorientation induced by the visual field, as indicated by inaccuracy in judging the visual vertical. These findings suggest that monitoring orientation makes significant demands upon cortical processing resources when disorientation is induced, whether the disorientation results from deficient sensory functioning or from ambiguous perceptual information.     

睡眠过渡过程监测的新方法

在系统水平上研究人脑的睡眠过渡过程,以寻求监测睡眠过渡过程的新方法.方法:让15名睡眠良好者进行睡眠中的行为反应实验,获取行为反应量.结果:发现行为反应量与脑电图所反映的脑状态一致,且能反应睡眠过渡过程中脑状态的微小变化.结论:以行为反应量监测睡眠过渡过程,结果可靠,操作简便,对被试者干扰小.     

A schema-focused approach to group psychotherapy for outpatients with borderline personality disorder: A randomized controlled trial

This study tests the effectiveness of adding an eight-month, thirty-session schema-focused therapy (SFT) group to treatment-as-usual (TAU) individual psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder (BPD). Patients (N = 32) were randomly assigned to SFT-TAU and TAU alone. Dropout was 0% SFT, 25% TAU. Significant reductions in BPD symptoms and global severity of psychiatric symptoms, and improved global functioning with large treatment effect sizes were found in the SFT-TAU group. At the end of treatment, 94% of SFT-TAU compared to 16% of TAU no longer met BPD diagnosis criteria (p < .001). This study supports group SFT as an effective treatment for BPD that leads to recovery and improved overall functioning.     

脐血单核细胞对VD大鼠认知功能及脑组织BDNF的影响

目的观察颈内动脉输注脐血单核细胞(Human cord blood mononuclear cells,HCMNCs)对血管性痴呆(Vascular dementia,VD)大鼠认知功能及脑组织脑源性神经营养因子(Brain-derivedneurotrophicfactor,BDNF)含量的影响。方法改良Pulsinellis四血管阻断法建立VD大鼠模型;体外分离HCMNCs,术后24h颈内动脉输注数量为3×106/0.5ml的BrdU标记细胞;利用穿梭箱系统和ELISA法检测注射HCMNCs后2、4、8周VD大鼠学习记忆能力以及脑组织BDNF含量的变化。结果模型组大鼠主动回避反应比率明显低于对照组(P<0.01),治疗组较模型组显著提高(P<0.01)。术后2周模型组大鼠脑组织BDNF含量较对照组明显增高(P<0.01),4周时达到高峰(P<0.01),8周时则明显下降,与2周时相比有显著性差异(P<0.05);颈内动脉输注HCMNCs后治疗组大鼠脑组织BDNF含量较模型组显著升高(P<0.01),4周时最高(P<0.01),8周时略有下降,但仍维持在较高水平,与4周时相比无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论颈内动脉输注HCMNCs可显著改善VD大鼠学习记忆能力,增加VD大鼠脑组织BDNF含量,具有脑保护作用。     

阿米替林合并认知疗法治疗精神分裂症后抑郁的对照研究

目的　评价阿米替林合并认知疗法对精神分裂症后抑郁的治疗效果。方法　将符合CCMD 3诊断标准的 86例精神分裂症后抑郁患者随机分为治疗组和对照组 ,治疗组给予阿米替林合并认知治疗 ,对照组织给予阿米替林治疗 ,疗程 12周。采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表 (HAMD)、简明精神病量表(BPRS)、阴性症状量表 (SANS)评定临床疗效 ,采用副反应量表 (TESS)评定副反应。结果　在治疗的 4、8、12周末 ,HAMD评分治疗组优于对照组 ,显效率分别为 83 95 %和 6 1 90 % (u =5 .83,P <0 0 5 )。结论　阿米替林与认知治疗组结合治疗精神分裂症后抑郁疗效好于单用阿米替林治疗。     

雌激素对慢性脑缺血大鼠认知功能及突触素的影响

目的 研究苯甲酸雌二醇对慢性脑缺血大鼠认知功能及突触素的影响.方法 采用双侧颈总动脉永久性结扎制备慢性脑缺血模型,30只大鼠随机分为3组,A组:假手术组;B组:缺血组;C组:雌激素治疗组.各组于手术60d后,应用Y迷宫、免疫组化及图像分析系统测定大鼠认知功能及海马、齿状回突触素的含量.结果 治疗组较缺血组认知障碍明显改善(P＜0.01),与假手术组相比,缺血组突触素的含量明显下降,治疗组以上变化明显减轻(P＜0.01).结论 苯甲酸雌二醇能改善慢性脑缺血大鼠的认知功能,这可能与增加大鼠脑内突触素的含量有关.     

聋幼儿情绪状态对认知发展的影响

为促进聋幼儿各方面的正常发展，使其早日回归主流社会，我们对聋幼儿进行了认知和情绪表现的研究。通过问卷调查、观察和实验研究得知，聋幼儿的认知发展和良好情绪的培养是分不开的，认知内容适中有利于聋幼儿良好情绪的培养，而良好积极的情绪又可促进聋幼儿认知的发展。对此，我们实验并总结了培养聋幼儿积极情绪和促进认知发展的方法。     

39例慢性肾衰竭患者认知功能下降的调查

目的通过神经心理测试等手段,探讨慢性肾衰竭(CRF)患者的认知状态。方法对39例40～60岁临床确诊为慢性肾衰竭的患者进行神经心理测试及人格和情绪状况测查,并对认知状态进行整体评定及分析。结果慢性肾衰竭患者认知功能测验成绩均低于对照组,并与人格的"精神质"和"情绪性"、健康自评等心理因素有关。"精神质"和"情绪性"越强,健康自评越差,认知障碍就越严重。慢性肾衰竭患者的焦虑和抑郁程度比对照组严重。结论慢性肾衰竭患者存在着认知能力下降,且与躯体和心理因素有关,并且随着肾功能的恶化,这种表现更加明显。     

认知疗法合并黛力新治疗脑卒中后焦虑的疗效

目的评价认知疗法合并黛力新(氟哌噻吨/美利曲辛)治疗脑卒中后焦虑的疗效。方法将80例脑卒中后焦虑患者随机分为治疗组(n=40)和对照组(n=40),分别给予认知疗法合并黛力新、单用黛力新治疗8周。用汉密顿焦虑量表、副反应量表分别评定疗效和副反应。结果治疗4、8周时,治疗组汉密顿焦虑量表评分(16.08±7.45,8.80±4.73)明显低于对照组(19.80±8.26,11.35±5.03),P<0.05;临床总疗效无论治疗4、8周,治疗组均优于对照组,P<0.01。结论认知疗法合并黛力新治疗脑卒中后焦虑的疗效较好。