自发性颈动脉海绵窦瘘的介入治疗

目的 探讨自发性颈动脉海绵窦瘘的诊治方法。方法 9例单纯颈内动脉供血,其中6例采取球囊瘘内闭塞术,3例采用瘘口一同闭塞的颈内动脉闭塞术。11例采用微导管超选择性插管,行瘘的供血动脉及瘘口栓塞。栓塞后7例仍有供血者3例经压颈1个月瘘口消失,2例疗效不满意,患者未再来治疗,2例采取经岩下窦途径和经眼静脉途径。1例单纯由颈内动脉脑膜支供血的行γ刀治疗。结果 13例栓塞后造影瘘口完全闭塞,7例栓塞后造影瘘口有显影,术后采取压迫患侧颈总动脉1个月,半年后3例造影瘘口消失,2例疗效不满意,失去随访,2例经眼静脉、岩下窦栓塞海绵窦取得成功。γ刀治疗1例,症状消失。19例随访6个月未见瘘口再通。结论 介入栓塞是治疗自发性颈动脉海绵窦瘘行之有效的方法。     

高分辨MRI对颈动脉粥样硬化斑块成分显示的病理对照研究

目的分析和评价高分辨MRI对颈动脉粥样硬化斑块不同成分的显示效果,为颈动脉内膜切除术术前判断斑块稳定性提供参考。方法对26例行颈动脉内膜切除术的颈动脉粥样硬化性狭窄患者术前高分辨MRI 4种不同序列的影像(T1WI、T2WI、PDWI和3D TOF)与斑块标本病理进行逐层对照,分析斑块内不同成分的MRI影像特点。结果获得斑块28块,切为238段,主要分布于颈总动脉和颈内动脉,以复杂斑块为特征的Ⅳ～Ⅴ型58段(24.37%)和Ⅵ型79段(33.19%)为主;斑块内纤维帽主要表现为TOF序列的带状低信号,钙化和纤维化组织分别表现为在各序列影像上的不规则低信号和不特定信号,脂质池和坏死核呈T1WI、PDWI和3D TOF序列的等至稍高信号,近期出血表现为T1WI、T2WI和PDWI序列的明显高信号。结论高分辨MRI不仅可以清晰显示动脉粥样硬化斑块,进行动脉管腔狭窄程度的测定,通过多序列影像联合分析还可以分辨斑块内部不同成分,有助于术前对斑块稳定性的判断。     

颈动脉粥样硬化及其相关因素的探讨

目的:探讨颈动脉粥样硬化与相关危险因素的关系。方法:对200例研究对象的颈总动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)和颈动脉粥样硬化斑块进行超声检测,根据TMT分为IMT≤0.99mm组和IMT≥1.00mm组,并记录胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-c)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-c)、载脂蛋白AI(APOAI)、载脂蛋白B_(100)(APOB_(100))、脂蛋白(α)[LP(α)]、纤维蛋白原(Fbg)、血糖(BG)、血压(BP)、体重指数(BMI)、吸烟指数及年龄等指标。结果:随着IMT增厚,颈动脉粥样硬化斑块发生率增加(P<0.01),IMT与TC、LDL-c、APOB_(100)、LP(α)、Fbg、SBP、吸烟指数及年龄呈明显正相关(P<0.05～0.01)。结论:颈动脉粥样硬化与TC、LDL-c、APOB_(100)、LP(α)、Fbg、SBP及嗜烟和年龄密切相关。定期超声监测颈动脉及检查相应危险因素对防治颈动脉粥样硬化有一定的实用参考价值。     

通心络对颈动脉粥样硬化患者脑血流动力学的影响

目的　研究颈动脉粥样硬化伴脑供血不足患者 ,用通心络治疗前后血流动力学的变化。方法　给予 53例有颈动脉粥样硬化的脑供血不足的患者服用通心络胶囊 4粒 ,每日 3次 ,疗程为 4周。治疗前后采用经颅彩色多普勒 (transcranialdoppler,TCD)检测颅内各血管的血流变化 ,并与 30例老年健康体检者进行对照。结果　脑供血不足组各血管平均血流速度 (Vm)与健康对照组比较明显降低 (P <0 .0 5或 P <0 .0 1 ) ,且多数血管搏动指数 (PI)升高 (P <0 .0 5) ;治疗后脑供血不足组各血管的Vm较治疗前有显著性增高 (P <0 .0 5) ,且PI较治疗前有显著性降低 (P <0 .0 5)。结论　通心络可改善颈动脉粥样硬化患者的脑供血 ,是治疗和预防脑供血不足的有效药物     

彩超对高血脂患者的颈动脉内膜—中膜厚度及斑块形成检测分析

目的:探讨彩超检测高血脂患者颈动脉内膜-中膜厚度及斑块形成的意义,方法:medison-8000Ex高频超声对120例高血脂患者及120例血脂正常者两组,观察其动脉的内膜-中膜厚度及斑块形成情况。结果:血脂升高组,颈总动脉最大内膜-中膜厚度及粥样斑块发生率明显增高。结论:彩超可清晰显示颈动脉内膜-中膜情况,对高血脂引起的动脉粥样硬化检出预报和疗效观察有重要临床意义。     

二尖瓣环钙化与颈动脉粥样硬化关系的超声研究

目的 了解二尖瓣环钙化（MAC）与颈动脉粥样硬化之间的关系，探讨MAC能否作为颈动脉粥样硬化的独立预测因子。方法 采用高频超声对156例MAC患者（其中55例为重度MAC患者）及118例年龄、性别与之相匹配的无MAC对照者的颈动脉进行了检测。结果 ①与对照组比较，MAC组及重度MAC组患者高血压和糖尿病的患病率明显增加（P〈0．05）；②MAC组颈动脉粥样硬化斑块发生率，颈动脉狭窄≥20％、≥40％及双侧颈动脉狭窄≥40％的发生率均显著高于对照组（P〈0．01），重度MAC组上述指标的改变更为显著（P〈0．01）。此外，重度MAC组颈动脉狭窄≥60％的发生率明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）；③MAC组及重度MAc组颈动脉内-中膜厚度（IMT）显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）；④单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析结果均表明：MAC是颈动脉狭窄≥40％最有意义的预测因子（P〈0．01）。结论 MAC与颈动脉粥样硬化之间存在十分密切的关系，通过对MAC的检测，能够预测颈动脉粥样硬化的存在及其程度，在临床实际工作中，对于有二尖瓣环钙化的患者应常规进行颈动脉粥样硬化的检查。     

冠心病患者颈动脉粥样硬化检测及意义

目的　探讨冠心病患者与颈动脉粥样硬化之间的发生关系。方法　主要应用彩色多普勒超声技术检测 10 2例冠心病患者的颈动脉 ,对其中 34例进行冠状动脉造影检查。结果　为各组冠心病患者颈动脉管壁内 -中膜厚度 ,斑块指数均显著增高 ,其中心肌梗死患者伴有明显的血流参数异常 ,34例患者冠状动脉造影与颈动脉超声检查符合率为 75 % ,而且冠状动脉病变越重 ,颈动脉硬化发生率越高。结论　颈动脉粥样硬化程度可间接反映冠状动脉病变程度。     

Acute infections in children are accompanied by oxidative modification of LDL and decrease of HDL cholesterol, and are followed by thickening of carotid intima-media.

BACKGROUND: Atherosclerosis begins early in life. Infections might contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In this study, we investigated whether acute infections in children could alter the carotid wall morphology and the lipid profile. METHODS: Mean carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) was measured by high-resolution ultrasound in 28 hospitalised children (mean age: 5+/-2 years), who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of acute infections (body temperature, >38 degrees C; C-reactive protein, >15mg/ml, and clinical), and in 20 age- and gender-matched controls. Antibodies against oxidised low-density lipoprotein (anti-oxLDL antibodies), as well as total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were analysed in all children. The infection group was investigated both during the acute illness and 3 months after clinical recovery (post-infection). RESULTS: During the acute illness, the infection group had elevated anti-oxLDL antibodies and decreased HDL-C, as compared to those obtained at 3 months and in controls (p<0.05). These changes in the infection group were followed, at 3 months, by thickening of carotid intima-media. Those who received antibiotics during their acute illness had less carotid thickening than those who were not treated with antibiotics (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Acute infections in children seem to be accompanied by enhanced oxidative modification of LDL and by decrease in HDL-C. These lipid changes may be followed by thickening of carotid artery intima-media. These findings suggest that, in childhood, acute infections could be associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis, and warrant further studies on this topic.     

颈动脉分叉血液动力状态的计算流体力学初步研究

目的应用计算流体力学（CFD）方法结合血管影像显示在体颈动脉分叉的血流动力状态.方法选取1例志愿者,采用Siemens多层螺旋CT机行左侧颈动脉CT血管成像检查（CTA）,扫描所得原始图像经计算机后处理后,用CFD方法计算并显示血液动力学各项指标.结果（1）该血管血液流率均值范围为0.04～0.36 m/s,颈外和颈内动脉的内侧壁（均以分叉顶点为参照）可见一高血流速区,球部可见较大片低血流速区;颈动脉分叉及颈内、外动脉近端均可见血液涡流与回流.（2）血液绝对压、静态压和动态压的均值范围分别为100 266.70～101 615.90 Pa、-10 58.34～290.88 Pa、6.12～553.25 Pa;（3）管壁切应力均值范围为0.59～5.35 Pa,在颈动脉球部及颈内动脉后壁显示大范围的低切应力区,最低约为0.25 Pa,颈外动脉前外侧壁存在一小范围低切应力区.结论CFD方法结合血管影像能计算并显示在体颈动脉分叉的个体化血液动力学指标.     

Balloon occlusion of the internal carotid artery in 40 cases of giant intracavernous aneurysm: technical aspects,cerebral monitoring,and results

Summary We have studied the results of carotid occlusion in the treatment of giant intracavernous carotid artery (ICA) aneurysms in 40 patients. Clinical, angiographic, Doppler and cerebral blood flow (CBF) criteria for tolerance of occlusion are discussed. The patients had headaches (47.5%), cranial nerve compression (87.5%), decreased visual acuity (20%), ruptured aneurysm (15%) and 5% were asymptomatic. Balloon occlusion tests were performed under light sedation anaesthesia: a successful test required perfect clinical tolerance and adequate angiographic collateral circulation in arterial, parenchymatous, and venous phases. Additional criteria include xenon 133 CBF measurements, and transcranial Doppler sonography of the middle cerebral artery. According to these criteria, 5 patients did not tolerate test occlusion and required an extra-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass. Mean follow-up was 4.7 years. All patients were radiologically cured of their ancurysm, and in 35 the symptoms resolved, although 3 had persistent ocular motor nerve palsies, and in 4 visual defects were unchanged. Complications were 1 permanent and 3 transient neurological deficits. Balloon occlusion of the ICA is an effective, reliable form of treatment for intracavernous giant aneurysm and should replace surgical ligation of the cervical carotid artery. With CBF or Doppler monitoring, the risk of neurological deficit is diminished. EC-IC bypass prior to ICA occlusion is indicated if test occlusion is not tolerated.