Butyrate induces reactive oxygen species production and affects cell cycle progression in human gingival fibroblasts

Background and Objective: Short‐chain fatty acids, such as butyric acid and propionic acid, are metabolic by‐products generated by periodontal microflora such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, and contribute to the pathogenesis of periodontitis. However, the effects of butyrate on the biological activities of gingival fibroblasts (GFs) are not well elucidated. Material and Methods: Human GFs were exposed to various concentrations of butyrate (0.5–16 mm ) for 24 h. Viable cells that excluded trypan blue were counted. Cell cycle distribution of GFs was analyzed by propidium iodide‐staining flow cytometry. Cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measured by flow cytometry using 2’,7’‐dichlorofluorescein (DCF). Total RNA and protein lysates were isolated and subjected to RT‐PCR using specific primers or to western blotting using specific antibodies, respectively. Results: Butyrate inhibited the growth of GFs, as indicated by a decrease in the number of viable cells. This event was associated with an induction of G0/G1 and G2/M cell cycle arrest by butyrate (4–16 mm ) in GFs. However, no marked apoptosis of GFs was noted in this experimental condition. Butyrate (> 2 mm ) inhibited the expression of cdc2, cdc25C and cyclinB1 mRNAs and reduced the levels of Cdc2, Cdc25C and cyclinB1 proteins in GFs, as determined using RT‐PCR and western blotting, respectively. This toxic effect of butyrate was associated with the production of ROS. Conclusion: These results suggest that butyrate generated by periodontal pathogens may be involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases via the induction of ROS production and the impairment of cell growth, cell cycle progression and expression of cell cycle‐related genes in GFs. These events are important in the initiation and prolongation of inflammatory processes in periodontal diseases.     

新生儿肺炎优势病原体及耐药情况分析

目的探讨新生儿肺炎优势病原体及耐药情况。方法对新生儿社区获得性肺炎和院内感染性肺炎的痰标本进行病原学检测及耐药情况。结果 1.社区获得性肺炎及院内感染性肺炎病原学特征都为细菌感染多于病毒感染;2.医院内感染性肺炎检测出的病原菌较单一;3.革兰氏阳性菌对青霉素耐药率较高,对氯唑西林钠较敏感,革兰氏阴性菌对头孢曲松钠敏感率高。结论新生儿院内感染性肺炎病原相对单一,耐药率低。     

Clarithromycin suppresses the periodontal bacteria-accelerated abdominal aortic aneurysms in mice

Aoyama N, Suzuki J‐I, Ogawa M, Watanabe R, Kobayashi N, Hanatani T, Yoshida A, Ashigaki N, Izumi Y, Isobe M. Clarithromycin suppresses the periodontal bacteria‐accelerated abdominal aortic aneurysms in mice. J Periodont Res 2012; 47: 463–469. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S Background and Objective: Although clarithromycin (CAM) has many biological functions, including regulation of MMPs, little is known about its effect on abdominal aortic aneurysms. Periodontopathic bacteria have been reported to be associated with several kinds of circulatory diseases. The purpose of this study was therefore to clarify the effect of CAM on periodontopathic bacteria‐accelerated abdominal aortic aneurysms. Material and Methods: Abdominal aortic aneurysm was produced in mice by the peri‐aortic application of 0.25 m CaCl₂. The mice were inoculated once per week with live Porphyromonas gingivalis, which is one of the major periodontopathic bacteria. Test mice (n = 8) were given a daily oral dose of CAM, while control mice (n = 13) were not. Results: Four weeks after the operation, the P. gingivalis‐injected and CAM‐treated mice showed a significant decrease in the aortic diameter in comparison with the mice only injected with P. gingivalis. Histopathologically, the samples obtained from the P. gingivalis‐injected and CAM‐treated mice showed less elastic degradation. Moreover, the plasma MMP‐2 concentration of the CAM‐treated mice decreased significantly. Conclusion: These findings suggest that CAM administration is useful to suppress periodontal bacteria‐accelerated abdominal aortic aneurysms via MMP regulation.     

新生儿社区和院内获得性肺炎的病原学特点及药敏分析

目的探讨新生儿社区获得性肺炎(CAP)和院内获得性肺炎(HAP)的病原分布和药敏情况。方法回顾性分析2010年1月—2014年12月因新生儿肺炎住院且痰培养阳性新生儿的临床资料。结果在3 564例CAP新生儿中共检出病原微生物4 383株,其中细菌3 584株、病毒771、真菌7株及非典型病原体21株。细菌以革兰阴性菌为主,3 045株(85.0%),细菌中排名前三的为肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌及金黄色葡萄球菌;病毒以呼吸道合胞病毒为主,693株(89.9%)。在344例HAP新生儿中共检出病原微生物424株,其中细菌402株,真菌17株,呼吸道合胞病毒5株。细菌均为革兰阴性菌,未发现革兰阳性菌,排名前三的为肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌及鲍曼不动杆菌。CAP与HAP新生儿中革兰阴性菌产ESBLs菌分别为26.9%、46.8%,差异有统计学意义(P?0.05)。CAP、HAP的肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌均对阿米卡星、碳青霉烯类高度敏感。HAP的肺炎克雷伯菌对常用抗菌药物(除阿米卡星、喹诺酮类外)的敏感性普遍低于CAP,差异有统计学意义(P?0.05);HAP的大肠埃希菌对常用抗菌药物(除阿米卡星、喹诺酮类及碳青霉烯类外)的敏感性普遍低于CAP,差异有统计学意义(P?0.05)。此外,还发现耐碳青霉烯类的肠杆菌。结论新生儿肺炎病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,其中CAP以肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌及金黄色葡萄球菌为主,HAP以肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌及鲍曼不动杆菌为主。HAP致病菌的产酶率和耐药性均普遍高于CAP,且有多重耐药趋势。     

2007-2014年儿童脑脊液培养病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的：了解儿童脑脊液培养的常见病原菌分布和体外耐药模式。方法回顾分析2007年1月至2014年12月住院患儿脑脊液细菌培养结果。细菌鉴定和药敏试验采用法国生物梅里埃的Vitek系统,部分菌株药敏试验采用纸片扩散法。结果研究期间23099例患儿至少送检脑脊液1次,分离出细菌671株,阳性率2.9%。其中革兰阳性菌579株（86.3%）,革兰阴性菌92株（13.7%）,排名前5位细菌依次为：凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌399株（58.9%）、微球菌37株（5.5%）、肺炎链球菌34株（5.1%）、大肠埃希菌32株（4.8%）、屎肠球菌26株（3.9%）。连续8年的脑脊液培养阳性率呈下降趋势（趋势χ2=10.410, P=0.001）,凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌年度阳性率呈下降趋势（趋势χ2=31.200,P相似文献   

从“肾虚邪伏”认识慢性乙型肝炎

目的:整理"肾虚邪伏"的由来,结合现代医学对"肾虚邪伏"的认识,探讨乙型肝炎病毒持续感染的原因,探索研究乙肝慢性化的中医病机实质,为临床治疗慢性乙型肝炎提供新思路。方法:古代及现代医学研究文献整理。结果:"肾虚邪伏"是导致HBV持续感染,即乙型病毒性肝炎慢性化的主要原因之一,HBV持续感染又可能与人类白细胞抗原有关,其中HLA-DQB1与慢性乙型病毒的感染、治疗、预后具有紧密的联系。结论:从"肾虚邪伏"认识慢性乙型肝炎可能为治疗慢性乙型肝炎提供新思路新方法。     

浅析活血法在胎黄中的应用

通过对胎黄的古代文献及近年来中医胎黄理论的分析,探讨胎黄的病因病机,指出胎黄以湿邪瘀阻为主,病机以湿为源,以血分瘀滞为关键,脾虚湿困,肝失疏泄,胆汁泛溢肌肤.探讨在利湿退黄基础上,分清血分瘀滞程度,灵活运用活血化瘀法治疗胎黄,常获良效.