输尿管镜电子动能碎石182例报告

目的：探讨输尿管镜下电子动能碎石术治疗输尿管结石的疗效。方法：对182例(198侧)输尿管结石患者采用输尿管镜下电子动能碎石术治疗。结果：一次性碎石成功率为95.0%(188／198)，并发症发生率为4.0%(8／198)，其中穿孔2侧。结论：输尿管镜下电子动能碎石术是治疗输尿管结石的一种安全、疗效确切的方法。     

应用蛋白质印迹技术提高癌胚抗原对胆道肿瘤的诊断特异性

目的　采用测定胆汁中癌胚抗原 (CEA)含量并结合蛋白质印迹 (Westernblot)技术排除CEA相关物质的干扰 ,提高CEA检测胆道恶性肿瘤的特异性。方法　对临床可疑为胆道恶性肿瘤的患者采用酶联免疫吸附 (ELISA)法测定其血液、胆汁中CEA含量 ,对胆汁CEA含量升高的患者进一步应用Westernblot半干转移技术区分CEA及CEA相关物质。结果　所有CEA含量升高的胆道恶性肿瘤患者的胆汁经Westernblot检测均表现为包含有一条相对分子质量为 2 10 0 0 0的特异条带 ,而胆道良性疾病患者既使其CEA含量高于正常也均不含有该条带。结论　采用Westernblot技术检测胆汁CEA可排除CEA相关物质的干扰 ,提高CEA检测胆道恶性肿瘤的特异性。     

Treatment of iatrogenic biliary obstruction by balloon dilatation of a biliary jejunal fistula

Biliary obstruction and multiple hepatic abscesses occurred in a patient after ligation of a segmental branch of the right hepatic duct. The patient was successfully managed by transhepatic biliary drainage and balloon dilatation of an internal fistula that developed between the ligated duct and a Roux limb of jejunum. Internal biliary fistulas may be dilated using interventioanl radiologic techniques to permit nonobstructed bile flow. Implications for the nonsurgical treatment' of biliary strictures are discussed.     

肾盏切开联合经肾实质气压弹道碎石治疗复杂鹿角形结石

目的探讨肾盏切开联合经肾实质气压弹道碎石治疗复杂鹿角形结石的疗效。方法电刀切开积水较重的肾盏,气压弹道碎石杆对准结石碎石后分块取出。盏颈口狭窄但肾盏积水不严重者,将直径1 mm气压弹道碎石杆于肾实质处刺入结石位置,将肾盏内结石击碎后从盏颈口取出。结果19例均未阻断肾蒂,手术时间90-150 min,平均120 min。术中出血量100-250 ml,未输血。17例一次取石成功,术后无结石残余;1例术中残余泥沙状结石,术后经肾造瘘管冲洗引流排出;1例肾盏结石术中取石遗漏,术后经ESWL碎石后排净结石。15例随访10-60个月,平均18个月,结石复发2例,体外震波碎石后排净结石。结论肾盏切开联合经肾实质气压弹道碎石治疗复杂性鹿角形结石出血少,疗效可靠。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中处理胆囊颈管结石的体会

目的 :探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术 (LC)中处理胆囊颈及胆囊管结石的方法。方法 :回顾分析 2 0 0 0年 4月至 2 0 0 4年 6月 2 9例胆囊颈部结石及胆囊管结石患者行LC时 ,采用胆囊管纵行切开取石 ,圈套器结扎 ,多钛夹阶梯施夹 ,胆囊管残端丝线结扎或缝扎等方法处理胆囊颈、管结石。结果 :2 9例用上述方法治疗均获成功 ,3例置腹腔引流管引流 ,分别于术后第 2、3天拔管 ,均痊愈出院。结论 :在LC术中只要合理处理胆囊颈、胆囊管结石 ,不会出现胆漏、胆管损伤等严重并发症。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术后残株胆囊及胆囊管结石

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术后残株胆囊／胆囊管结石的原因、诊断、处理及预防方法。方法回顾总结我院 1992-2005年间收治的8例腹腔镜胆囊切除术后残株胆囊／胆囊管结石病例的临床资料。结果 8例病人术前经B超、MRI、 ERCP检查确诊后,均经再次手术治愈。残株胆囊结石2例;残株胆囊管结石6例,其中2例合并胆总管结石;2例行残余胆囊切除术,6例行残株胆囊管切除、其中4例附加胆总管切开探查和／或取石、T型管引流。随访1．1-13年,效果良好。结论判断失误是腹腔镜胆囊切除术后残株胆囊结石的主要原因,过长的炎性及畸形的胆囊管残留是腹腔镜胆囊切除术后残株胆囊管结石的主要原因;其症状和体征类似于结石性胆囊炎、合并胆管结石时可有黄疸;B超、CT、ERCP等检查可确诊;再次手术切除(或取出)残株胆囊／胆囊管(结石)是有效可靠的治疗方法;娴熟的腹腔镜技术、术中胆道造影、正确掌握中转开腹指征以及丰富的胆道外科经验是预防其发生的关键。     

输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管结石失败原因探讨(附36例报告)

目的:探讨输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石(URSL)治疗输尿管结石失败原因及防治措施.方法:回顾分析36例气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管结石手术失败的临床资料.结果:17例手术中结石移位进入肾盂,无法碎石;8例因输尿管走行迂曲或输尿管狭窄置镜未成功;5例因局部出血或引流不畅导致视野不清终止手术;6例因输尿管穿孔而改开放手术.结论:结石移位、输尿管走行迂曲或狭窄、术中视野不清、输尿管穿孔是手术失败的主要原因.合理选择病例,保持液适当的灌注速度和压力,保持视野的清晰和在直视下推进输尿管镜是手术成功的关键.     

原位肝移植术后胆管狭窄的治疗(附43例报告)

目的探讨原位肝移植（0LT）术后胆管狭窄（BS）治疗方法和疗效。方法回顾性分析中山大学附属第三医院肝脏移植中心2003年10月至2005年10月收治的们例OLT术后BS的治疗方法及其疗效。们例BS的治疗方法主要包括经十二指肠镜逆行胆管造影（ERC）、经皮肝穿刺胆管造影（PTC）、经T管的胆管介入治疗、胆肠吻合术、肝动脉内支架术及再次肝移植术。结果们例BS总治愈率为48．8％（21／43），好转率为30．2％（13／43），总有效率为79．0％（34／43）。41例BS的介入治疗治愈率为34．1％（14／41），好转率为31．7％（13／41），总有效率为65．8％（27／41）。吻合口型、肝外型、肝内型及肝内外混舍型BS的总治愈率分别为100％（5／5）、64．3％（9／14）、50．O％（1／2）及28．6％（6／21），其介入治疗的治愈率分别为80．0％（4／5）、64．3％（9／14）、50．0％（1／2）及0。12例BS行再次肝移植术的治愈率为50．0％（6／12）。结论目前OLT术后BS总体疗效尚不理想。BS介入治疗效果与其类型密切相关，吻合口型疗效最好，肝外型和肝内型次之，肝内外混舍型疗效最盖。再次肝移植是治疗难治性BS的有效方法，但要选择好手术时机。     

Laparoscopic choledochotomy with primary closure

Background: Thirty-three patients were candidates for laparoscopic choledochotomy. The indications for this operation are described. Methods: The procedure was completed 32 times (97%). We had 29 successful common bile duct (CBD) clearances, three negative explorations, and one failed clearance which needed to be converted to laparotomy. All the completed procedures ended with primary closure of the main duct. Median duration of surgery was 180 min (range 100–300), including three associated laparoscopic procedures. Results: There were three postoperative complications (9.4%), none major. Average postoperative hospital stay was 7.1 days (range 4–14). In May–June 1995 we controlled 31 out of the 32 consecutive patients (one patient was lost to follow-up) who had a successful laparoscopic choledochotomy from October 1991 to December 1994. Median follow-up was 22 months (range 5–44). Besides clinical control, 23 patients also had ultrasound (US) controls and 24 had blood tests. Eleven had intravenous cholangiotomography. Two patients died 11 and 22 months after the operation for unrelated causes and without biliary symptoms. Two patients had umbilical hernias. One had a small residual asymptomatic stone, which was removed endoscopically. None had signs of postoperative CBD stricture. At US, CBD was ≤7 mm in 15 patients, 8–10 mm in four patients, and 10–12 mm in three patients. The last group had preoperative CBD dilation, too. We could compare preoperative and postoperative CBD diameters in 22 patients: 11 had no change; in nine it decreased; and two had a slight increase (8–10 mm). Conclusions: We conclude that laparoscopic choledochotomy with primary closure is a very good operation: It has a high success rate and low morbidity. Mortality is nil so far. Medium-term results are very positive: We had no CBD stricture and only one case of asymptomatic residual stone, which could have been avoided. Our results suggest that intraductal biliary drainage is useless, and its specific complications are well known. Received: 20 October 1995/Accepted: 28 February 1996     

Choledochoenterostomy with an anti-reflux mechanism

A new technique of choledochoenterostomy was devised to solve some of the problems of enterobiliary anastomosis with a normal calibre. The distal extremity of the common bile duct is completely surrounded by the bowel mucosa to a length of 3 cm after seromyectomy of a bowel wall rectangle of 4 × 1 cm. Experimental studies in rats and dogs demonstrated that this procedure prevents the risks of anastomotic disruption and functions like a mechanical unidirectional valve, which has great efficacy in stopping enterobiliary reflux. Studies in ten patients with obstructive jaundice with an extrahepatic biliary dilation less than 1.2 cm diameter submitted to this procedure Confirmed the experimental results. All patients were asymptomatic, without jaundice and with normalization of the liver enzymes after 2 months. The permeability of the valvular anastomosis studied by cholangiography, the HIDA ^99mTc test and manometry was quite similar to other classical biliary-enteric anastomosis. In contrast, anti-reflux efficacy was only demonstrated in patients with a valvular anastomosis.