8—2岁市区学龄儿童感觉统合失调与不良行为及家庭因素调查分析

目的：调查本市区小学儿童感觉统合失调现状与不良行为及家庭因素的关系。方法：用感觉统合诊断量表和自制儿童生长发育调查表对1775名学龄儿童进行心理行为问题调查。结果：感觉统合轻度失调23．4％，重度失调13．5％，男童失调发和率（42．86％）明显高于女童（31．36％）P＜0．0），前庭功能失衡发生率最高（21．30％）；统合失调组儿童不良行为发生率高达64．38％明显高于统合正常组（31．11％）P＜0．01，失调组不良行为各因子的发生率亦明显高于统合正常组P＜0．01；学习能力不足儿童与父母文化程度和不同职业有关P＜0．01。结论：儿童感觉纺合失调现状易成为成人心理障碍的潜在因素，应引起重视。     

甲基强的松龙联合静注丙种球蛋白治疗小儿格林巴利综合征

目的:现察甲基强的松龙联合静注丙种球蛋白治疗小儿格林巴利综合征的疗效。方法:选择1999～2001年的26例格林巴利综合征患儿给予甲基强的松龙联合两种球蛋白静注作为治疗组,与1996～1998年的25例作为对照组,观察其用药后症状、体征改善情况。结果:甲基强的松龙配合丙种球蛋白静注治疗后症状、体征尤其是呼吸困难、肢体无力、饮水呛咳的开始缓解时间(约8～12h)较对照组明显提前(P<0.01),总有效率(100％)明显高于对照组(36％)(P<0.01),病死率(0％)和致残率(0％)低于对照组(8％、16％)(P<0.05),治疗组肌力、行走完全恢复正常的时间平均14、23d,对照组平均58、35d。两组对比差异显著(P<0.01)。结论:甲基强的松龙联合静注丙种球蛋白治疗小儿格林巴利综合征疗效显著,值得推广应用。     

儿童颈椎间盘钙化症的影像诊断

目的 探讨儿童颈椎间盘钙化症的影像表现及诊断价值，并提高对本病的认识。方法 回顾分析16例儿童颈椎钙化性椎间盘病的影像表现。结果 16例患均行颈椎平片检查，5例行CT扫描并作了三维重建，8例行MRI检查。16例平片均显示了椎间盘钙化灶，均为单发，CT平扫加三维重建显示4例钙化呈卵圆形，1例钙化为不规则形。MRI检查不仅显示了椎间盘内改变还清晰显示了病变相邻椎体边缘信号改变，在T1、T2加权像上呈低信号。结论 平片检查可以显示椎间盘钙化；CT平扫加三维重建能清晰显示了钙化灶的大小、形态；MRI检查在显示受累椎体及周围组织的改变方面明显优于CT和平片。     

儿童髓母细胞瘤中VEGFR-2的表达

目的：探讨血管内皮生长因子受体VEGFR－2在儿童髓母细胞瘤中的表达及临床意义。方法：采用免疫组化LSAB法检测84例获随访的儿童髓母细胞瘤中的VEGFR－2表达，按术后生存期3，5，10年分为A，B，C三组，使用Cox回归统计分析。结果：84例儿童髓母细胞瘤中，VEGFR－2阳性表达74例（88．09％），A，B，C三组间VEGFR－2阳性表达分别为100％，88．89％，55．33％（P＜0．01），Cox回归分析显示VEGFR－2是影响生存时间的一个独立的预后因子，它与预后存在负相关关系。结论：VEGFR－2表达水平可作为儿童髓母细胞瘤的预后指标之一。     

Prevalence of latex sensitization and allergy in Portuguese children

The prevalence of latex allergy has been increasing not only in risk groups but also in the general population, where it is accepted to average 1%. In children, latex sensitization prevalence studies are scarce and involve different population sampling and allergy testing methods, which makes it difficult to compare across studies. Nevertheless, existing studies point towards a low prevalence of latex allergy in children, which still needs to be confirmed in the Portuguese population. Aiming at studying the prevalence of latex sensitization and allergy in a sample of Portuguese children, we studied 182 children from two different hospital outpatient clinics. A standardized questionnaire focusing on atopic background, previous history and allergic signs or symptoms on exposure to latex or fruits was given to all children and parents. Skin prick testing was performed with a battery of common aeroallergens as well as latex. Serum total IgE, Phadiatop, F x 5E and latex-specific IgE were determined in all children. Specific IgE to latex-crossreacting fruits was determined in latex-sensitized children. Based upon the questionnaire, the prevalence of latex allergy would be 0.5%. The prevalence of latex sensitization would be 3.8%, when based solely upon skin prick testing, and 12.1% (>/=0.35 IU/ml) or 6.6% (>/=0.70 IU/ml) when based singly upon determination of latex-specific IgE. When positive results for either test were considered, the prevalence of latex sensitization was 14.3%. All latex-sensitized children were atopic. Sensitivity to latex-crossreacting foodstuffs was demonstrated in 61.5% of latex-sensitized children (16/26). This study shows that the prevalence of latex allergy and sensitization in Portuguese atopic and non-atopic children, as analysed using various diagnostic methods, is similar to that observed in other countries. In addition, the assessment of latex allergy and sensitization should always include skin prick testing and determination of serum IgE.     

儿童热性惊厥复发危险因素分析

目的:研究热性惊厥患儿的复发危险因素。方法:结合36例热性惊厥患儿的临床及脑电图资料,研究其复发因素情况。结果:复发共19例(53.0%),复发危险因素与惊厥家族史、初次发作体温<38.5℃、初次发作年龄<1岁及复杂型热性惊厥有关(P<0.01)。结论:对有复发危险因素儿童应密切随访,一旦发热,及早采取适当的干预措施。     

Environmental tobacco smoke exposure in school children: parent report and urine cotinine measures

BACKGROUND: Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in the home continues to be a major health risk for children around the world. Measuring ETS is a central feature of clinical and epidemiological studies, with children's exposure often assessed through parental estimates. The authors examined the relationship between parent-reported estimates of children's exposure to ETS and children's urinary cotinine levels and evaluated the ETS exposure and its effect on respiratory health in children. METHODS: A total of 188 school children were included in the study. Parents were asked to complete a questionnaire about their smoking habits, their children's respiratory morbidity status and housing conditions. Urinary cotinine levels were measured in children. RESULTS: According to the responses, 72.3% of the children came from households with smokers, and 34.6% had daily exposure to ETS. When urine cotinine levels of >10 ng/mL were used as the yardstick of exposure, 76% of the children were identified as ETS exposed. No relation was detected between the symptoms of respiratory tract diseases and ETS exposure. To determine the amount of ETS exposure, the contribution of parental reports was low. CONCLUSION: To evaluate the level of ETS exposure of children, the parents' reports were not reliable. The addition of a biological measure results in a more informative estimate of ETS exposure in children.     

干扰素治疗小儿呼吸道感染的研究

目的观察干扰素治疗小儿呼吸道感染的疗效。方法将90例呼吸道感染的小儿随机分成3组,在对症治疗基础上,A组静脉点滴利巴韦林10mg/(kg·d),B组肌注干扰素10μg,1次/d,C组空气压缩泵雾化吸入干扰素10μg,1次/d,观察3组的病情变化。结果C组咳嗽、发热、喘憋及肺部体征好转时间均较A组明显缩短(P<0.01),B组与C组疗效无显著性差异。结论干扰素治疗小儿呼吸道感染疗效确切,值得推广。     

Cutaneous leishmaniasis: Clinical report of two cases and review of the recent literature

With 1–1.5 million cases reported every year cutaneous leishmaniasis represents an increasing health problem. The course of cutaneous leishmaniasis varies from a single self‐healing ulcer to a persistent ulcer or progressive mucosal disease with nasopharyngeal destruction. An enormous array of topical and systemic treatment modalities has been endorsed. The response to treatment depends on the species of parasite as well as the host's immunological and genetic status. Species‐specific treatment guidelines based on evidence from controlled studies are highly desirable. We present two cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis, one in a child and one during pregnancy, reviewing various diagnostic and therapeutic measures with special attention to problems in young and pregnant patients.