Endothelium-dependent relaxation and vasospasm in the single-hemorrhage canine model

Abstract

We have investigated the relationship between angiographic vasospasm and the ability of spastic vessels to relax in response to agents which promote release of endothelium derived relaxing factor. Vasospasm was induced in dogs by the 'single hemorrhage' technique. Animals received a single intracisternal injection of blood, blood activated with thromboplastin or collagen, or inert material, and angiograms were obtained day 0 and day 7. Vasospasm was estimated by measuring the ratio of the diameter of the vessel before and after treatment. Rings of cerebral artery obtained from these animals were suspended in a standard organ- bath arrangement, contracted with prostaglandin F2(X and then treated with increasing doses of adenosine triphosphate or bradykinin, both of which cause relaxation by an endothelium-dependent process. The arteries from animals with moderate to severe vasospasm showed a response to bradykinin and adenosine- triphosphate which was reduced, absent or converted to a contraction, when compared with normal vessels. Vessels in which vasospasm was mild or absent relaxed as expected to these agents. The reduction in vessel diameter showed a highly significant correlation with the reduction in relaxation to bradykinin or adenosine-triphosphate. These results have demonstrated that impairment of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation correlates with the existence of vasospasm. [Neurol Res 1996; 18: 553-558]     

超选择动脉栓塞后手术切除颈动脉体瘤的疗效分析

目的:探讨超选择动脉栓塞后手术切除颈动脉体瘤的疗效。方法:回顾中日友好医院自2007年4月―2015年9月手术治疗的26例颈动脉体瘤患者临床资料,分析其临床特点、影像学检查、治疗及预后情况,根据是否进行术前超选择栓塞分为栓塞组(9例)和未栓塞组(17例),分析并比较两组患者的相关临床指标。结果:26例(27侧)共进行26侧手术治疗。与未栓塞组比较,栓塞组平均手术时间(127.22 min vs.158.82 min)和平均出血量(110.00 m L vs.355.88 m L)均明显减少(均P0.05),但两组的手术时间与出血量均随患者肿瘤严重程度(Shamblin分型)增加而成升高趋势。26例手术患者术后颈部肿物均消失,术前伴有疼痛及咽部不适者术后症状均消失,围手术期无死亡及肢体瘫痪,术后神经功能障碍7例(26.92%),均于术后6个月随访时恢复。结论:手术切除颈动脉体瘤安全可靠,是颈动脉体瘤的首选治疗,而术前超选择栓塞可以明显减少出血量,缩短手术时间。     

介入治疗中抗生素的应用进展

随着介入放射学的飞速发展,接受介入治疗的患者数不断增多,介入治疗的应用范围不断扩大。由于无菌术的规范化,穿刺部位感染已很少见。但各种继发感染及移植物感染仍是介入治疗中的常见并发症,常给患者带来严重危害。合理应用抗生素是控制介入相关感染的最重要手段。本文对抗生素在介入治疗中的应用进展进行综述。     

编织样右冠状动脉1例

正患者男,57岁,因突发胸痛3h入院。实验室检查示CKBB同工酶、高敏肌钙蛋白升高,心电图示V1-4ST段弓背上抬,行CAG,术中显示:左冠状动脉前降支闭塞;右冠状动脉近段血管壁扭曲,管腔呈"网状"充盈缺损改变,血流通畅,未见对比剂染色及滞留(图1)。临床诊断:①左冠状动脉前降支闭塞;②右冠状动脉近段改变——血栓?夹层?行左冠状动脉支架成形术后患者胸痛症状消失。根据患者临床、影像学表现,将右冠     

256层螺旋CTA在左锁骨下动脉窃血综合征患者术前评估的价值

目的应用256层CTA技术观测左锁骨下动脉解剖特点,评价CTA对锁骨下动脉窃血综合征(SSS)介入治疗术前评估的应用价值。方法回顾性分析60例经临床确诊的SSS患者(疾病组)及500例无SSS受检者(对照组)左锁骨下动脉CTA资料,测量受检者左锁骨下动脉自主动脉弓的起始角度;评价疾病组左锁骨下动脉斑块的特点、管腔狭窄及闭塞情况。结果所有受检者左锁骨下动脉自主动脉弓的起始角度为:71.98°±8.26°,疾病组左锁骨下动脉起始角度71.98°的比例明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。疾病组左锁骨下动脉管腔闭塞11例(18.33%),闭塞范围为9~24mm;中度狭窄7例(11.67%),重度狭窄42例(70.00%),狭窄长度8~31mm;偏心性斑块33例,环形斑块16例。以DSA为金标准,CTA诊断左锁骨下动脉狭窄、闭塞的敏感度为96.77%,特异度为100%,诊断符合率为96.97%。结论 256层CTA可准确测量左锁骨下动脉的各项解剖数值;对左SSS术前评估具有重要的应用价值。     

Impact of Clinical Guideline Recommendations on the Application of Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography in Patients with Suspected Stable Coronary Artery Disease

Background:

Coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) has been widely used in patients who are at intermediate risk for having stable coronary artery disease (SCAD), and 2013 European Society of Cardiology Guidelines on the Management of SCAD (2013G) recommended the appropriate application of CCTA. However, 2013G has not been subjected to systematic analyses for subsequent impact on clinical practice.

Methods:

A total of 5320 patients suspected with SCAD were enrolled and scheduled for CCTA from March 2013 to September 2014. For each patient, pretest probability of SCAD was calculated according to updated Diamond-Forrester model (UDFM). Appropriate CCTA or appropriate stress test was determined as described in the 2013G. A generalized estimating equation model was used to determine the trends in the half-monthly rate of appropriate CCTA.

Results:

Overall, only 61.37% of patients received appropriate CCTA, and there was insignificant change over time (P = 0.8701). The application of CCTA in patients who should have had a stress test accounted for most of the inappropriate CCTA before (22.29%) or after (19.98%) the publication of the 2013G. In all patients or any subgroup, no significant change in the adjusted half-monthly rate of appropriate CCTA was found after the publication of the 2013G (odds ratio, 1.002; 95% confidence interval, 0.982–1.021; P = 0.8678).

Conclusions:

These findings suggest that the 2013G have not, to date, been fully incorporated into clinical practice, and the clinical utilization of CCTA remains unreasonable to some extent.     

颅脑CT血管成像对急性缺血性脑卒中患者诊断及预后判断的价值

目的探究颅脑CT血管成像(CTA)对急性缺血性脑卒中患者诊断及预后判断的价值。方法回顾性分析56例急性缺血性脑卒中患者临床资料,患者发病后24h内均接受颅脑CT平扫、CTA检查及数字减影血管造影(D SA)检查,以DSA诊断结果为"金标准"评价CTA在诊断患者脑动脉狭窄、脑侧支循环的诊断价值,并根据患者出院后90d随访情况,评价CTA的预后评估价值。结果 DSA检查显示56例患者中5例患者脑血管无狭窄,51例患者血管存在狭窄或闭塞;狭窄程度:无狭窄5例,轻度狭窄9例,中度狭窄11例,重度狭窄19例,闭塞12例。CTA检查显示6例患者脑血管无狭窄,50例患者血管存在狭窄或闭塞;狭窄程度:无狭窄6例,轻度狭窄8例,中度狭窄12例,重度狭窄17例,闭塞13例,CTA诊断脑血管狭窄/闭塞的总体符合率为82.14%(46/56),一致性评价Kappa=0.768(t=10.922,P<0.001)。DSA检查显示,56例患者中侧支循环良好25例,侧支循环不良31例;CTA检查显示,56例患者中侧支循环良好25例,侧支循环不良31例。CTA诊断侧支循环的灵敏度90.32%,特异度88.00%,准确率89.29%,阳性预测值90,32%,阴性预测值84.62%;预后良好患者CTA检查脑血管狭窄/闭塞情况及侧支循环情况优于预后不良患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Spearman相关性分析显示,CTA检查脑血管狹窄/闭塞程度、脑血管侧支循环情况与预后均呈正相关(r=0.454,0.337,P<0.05)。结论颅脑CTA在诊断急性缺血性脑卒中患者脑血管狭窄/闭塞程度及侧支循环中具有较高诊断效能,其诊断的脑血管狭窄/闭塞程度、侧支循环情况与预后呈正相关,可用于评估患者预后。     

原发性肝细胞癌64层螺旋CT三维血管成像的特征

目的:探讨原发性肝细胞癌64层螺旋CT三维血管成像的特征及临床应用价值。方法:对经临床及手术病理确诊的63例原发性肝细胞癌患者例行CT血管造影检查,对所得图像分别用最大密度投影、多平面重组及容积再现等三维成像技术进行分析。结果:63例动脉期发现肿瘤供血动脉属于规则性供血46例(73.0%),变异性供血12例(19.0%),寄生性供血1例(1.6%),余4例无法判断。63例中22例供血动脉明显增粗,19例明显移位。发现肿瘤血管39例,肿瘤染色48例,动-静脉瘘12例。门静脉期发现门静脉癌栓13例。结论:64层螺旋CT三维血管成像技术不仅可以准确地对肿瘤进行定位,并且能够多角度地观察肿瘤与靶血管系统的立体关系,为临床诊断和治疗提供内容丰富的信息。